i

DEDICATED TO
MY Family
 ii
DECLARATION

I declare that the dissertation titles “Laser Security System” hereby submitted to
the department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Pundra University of
Science & Technology, for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Engineering, has
not been submitted by me for a degree at any other University. This dissertation is
a presentation of my thesis work. Wherever contributions of others are involved,
every effort is made to indicate this clearly, with due reference to the literature, and
acknowledgment of collaborative research and discussions. I give consent to this
copy of my thesis report, when deposited in the University Library, being made
available for loan and photocopying for the purpose of scholarly research. I also
give permission for the digital version of my thesis report to be made available on
the web, via the Department/University’s digital research repository, the Library
Search and also through web search engines, unless permission has been granted
by the University to restrict access for a period of time. The work was done under
the guidance of Shariful Islam, Lecturer, Department of Electrical &Electronic
Engineering, Pundra University of Science & Technology, Bangladesh.

Name: Md. MahmudulHasan Nahid

ID No:01421107006

Session: Spring-2021

Year of Examination:2023
 iii

CERTIFICATION
The thesis work entitled “Laser Security System” has been done by the candidate
named Mahmudul Hasan Nahid for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree of Bachelor of Science in Engineering from the department of Electrical
&Electronic Engineering, Pundra University of Science & Technology.

This project paper has been carried out under my guidance and is a record of the
successful work.

I wish their success in future.

I wish their every success in life.

Faculty Guide.

Shariful Islam

Lecturer

Department of Electrical &Electronic Engineering

Pundra University of Science &Technology

Bogura, Bangladesh
 iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I would like to thank Almighty Allah for giving me strength,
patience and ability to round off this study.I would like to acknowledge my
indebtedness and render my warmest thanks to my supervisor.Shariful Islam,
Lecturer , Department of Electrical & ElectronicEngineering, Pundra University of
Science & Technology,, who made this work possible. His friendly guidance and
expert advice have been invaluable throughout all stages of the work.

Department of Electrical & ElectronicEngineering, Pundra University of Science

&Technology, for providing me necessary facilities and permissions throughout
this work. I would like to thank all staff of this department who directly or
indirectly helped me during this research work.

At Last I would like to thank my parents for their blessings and love as well as my
siblings, friends and my well-wishers for their constant support and
encouragement.

Md.Mahmudul Hasan Nahid

--/--/2023
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CONTENTS
1 Introduction Page no.
1.1 Theory……………………………………………………………… 1

1.2 Abstract……………………………………………………………. 1

1.3 Introduction……………………………………………………… 1-2

1.4 Motivation of the project…………………………………… 2

1.5 Objectives…………………………………………………………. 3

2 Materials Required
2.1 Battery ……………………………………………………………… 4
2.2 Transistor …………………………………………………………. 4- 5
2.3 Electric buzzer ………………………………………………….. 6
2.4 Resistors ………………………………………………………….. 6-7
2.5 LED …………………………………………………………………… 7
2.6 LDR …………………………………………………………………. 7-9
2.7 Swatch ……………………………………………………………… 10
2.8 Connecting wire ……………………………………………….. 10
2.9 Laser …………………………………………………………………. 11

3 Methodology
3.1Circuiut Diagram ………………………………………………. 12

3.2 Complete Circuit Diagram …………………………………. 12

3.3Necessary Component ……………………………………….. 13

3.4 Working of a Laser Security System……………………. 13-14

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CONTENTS
4 Procedure,Application and PrecautionPage no.
4.1 Procedure …………………………………………………………………… 15

4.2 Application ………………………………………………………………….. 15-16

4.3 Advantage ……………………………………………………………………. 17

4.4 Disadvantage…………………………………………………………………. 17

4.5 Precautions ………………………………………………………………….. 17

5 Results, Conclusion References

5.1 Results and Discussion………………………………………………… 18

5.2 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………. 18

5.3 References…………………………………………………………………. 19
 1

Chapters- 1
Introduction of a Laser security System

1.1 Theory
This system for security uses the combination of LASER light and LDR. The LDR
module has an onboard potentiometer to adjust the sensitivity of LDR, so that it
only senses laser light falling onto it. The concept is quite simple and similar to
what we see in movies where antique, priceless ornaments are protected under
laser lights. As someone crosses these lights, an alarm runs on to indicate
unauthorized presence. This project works similarly. In normal conditions, where
there is always laser light falling on the LDR, the LDR module always gives a high
signal to microcontroller. When someone crosses this laser light, it will behave as
an obstruction between the LDR module and laser light, resulting in no light falling
on LDR. In such cases LDR module gives a low signal to the microcontroller, which
indicates it to switch on an alarm.

1.2 Abstract
Security is a most important factor today. Technology develops day by day in the
world. The crime gang also improves their technology to perform their operation.
So technology of security should be modern with time to protect the crime works.
We decide to make a security project as our project. In this project we have used
laser light to cover a large area. We know laser light goes through long distance
without scattering effect. It’s also visible only at source and incident point,
otherwise invisible. These two properties help us to build up a modern security
system, which may name as “laser security”. When any person or object
crossover the laser line the security alarm will ringing and also the focus light will
“on” to focus the entrance of unauthorized person.

1.3 INTRODUCTION
This Laser Security System is very useful in high command security place. In a high
 2

secured place where nobody is allowed to enter we can install it. These are easy

to install and work at both within as well as outside houses. These are very
effective perimeter alarm systems around properties. In indoor systems can utilize
the normal power outlets and jacks making them inconspicuous. At outside these
can be easily be hidden behind the bushes or plants without causing any damage.
They consume less power when compared to the laser system as the whole,
which is expensive. These laser systems can be installed in homes either by self or
by hiring a technical person. By technological innovations cost of the security
systems has been cut to a large extent. So, making laser systems one among
affordable security system options can be very safe. It has ability to work
continuously; it is not only human but also a small animal or any other movable
objects. Its alarming Sound does not stop until anybody stops it after checking.
Now we can use this system in a wide range of area.

1.4 Motivation of the Project

Laser –Ray goes through long distance without scattering effect and the Ray is all
most invisible. Only the radiation point and incident point is visible. So by this
security project we can make an invisible boundary of sensitive area. There is two
part of the system. One is transmitter and other is receiver. The transmitter partis
built with a Laser Radiate,a pair of dry cell batteries an on-off a stand to hold it.
The receiver side, There is focusing LDR (Light depending Resistor) sensor to sense
the LASER continuously. The LDR sensor also holds with a stand and it connecting
with the main drive circuit. The circuit has two parts. One is filtered the signal of
discontinuity ray and other is alarm circuit. When anybody crossover the invisible
ray the main circuit sense the discontinuity by sensor and turn on the alarm
circuit. If once the alarm circuit is on it will still ringing until push the reset button.
There is two option of ringing. One is duration of ringing depends on preset timer
and another reset manually .Any option can be set by DPDT swatch. The system
has built with low cost and high performance. The power consumption of the
system is vary low.
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1.5 Objectives
OBJECTIVES the main objective for developing this system is:

 To provide security for home.

 To provide a user friendly system.
 To provide security for bank lockers.
 To provide a cost efficient system.
 To protect a valuable item.
 To protect the individual from terror and threat in the unsafe world.
 To make and study the functions of laser security system.
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Chapters- 2
Materials Required
2.19v Battery
The nine-volt battery is an electric battery that supplies a nominal voltage of 9
volts. Actual voltage measures 7.2 to 9.6 volts, depending on battery chemistry.
Batteries of various sizes and capacities are manufactured; a very common size is
known as PP3, introduced for early transistor radios. The PP3 has a rectangular
prism shape with rounded edges and two polarized snap connectors on the top.
This type is commonly used for many applications including household uses such
as smoke and gas detectors, clocks, and toys.

Fig2.1: 9V Battery

2.2 BC547 Transistor

A BC547 transistor is a negative-positive-negative (NPN) transistor that is used for
many purposes. Together with other electronic components, such as resistors,
coils, and capacitors, it can be used as the active component for switches
andamplifiers. Like all other NPN transistors, this type has an emitter terminal, a
base or control terminal, and a collector terminal. In a typical configuration, the
 5

Current flowing from the base to the emitter controls the collector current. A
short vertical line, which is the base, can indicate the transistor schematic for an
NPN transistor, and the emitter, which is a diagonal line connecting to the base, is
an arrowhead pointing away from the base.

Fig3.4:
Transistor BC547 Pinout

Applications
The applications if BC547 transistor the following:

A lot of applications associated with BC547, a few of the main applications are
given below.

 Sensor Circuits
 Audio Preamp circuits
 Audio Amplifier Stages
 Switching Loads under 100mA
 Transistor Darlington Pairs
 Radio Frequency Circuits
 6

2.3 Electric buzzer

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device,which may be mechanical,
electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and
beepers include alarm devices, timers, train and confirmation of user input such
as a mouse click or keystroke.

Fig2.3: Electric buzzer

2.4 Resistor
The main purpose of resistor is to reduce the current flow and to lower the
voltage in any particular portion of the circuit. It is made of copper wires which
are coiled around a ceramic rod and the outer part of the resistor is coated with
an insulating paint.

Fig2.4: Resistor
 7

Applications of Resistor
Following are the applications of resistors:

 Wire wound resistors find applications where balanced current control,

high sensitivity, and accurate measurement are required like in shunt with
ampere meter.
 Photo resistors find application in flame detectors, burglar alarms, in
photographic devices, etc.
 Resistors are used for controlling temperature and voltmeter.
 Resistors are used in digital multi-meter, amplifiers, telecommunication,
and oscillators.
 They are also used in modulators, demodulators, and transmitters.

2.5 LED
The lighting emitting diode is a PN junction. It is a specially doped diode and made
up of a special type of semiconductors. When the light emits in the forward
biased, then it is called light emitter diode.

Fig2.4: LED
 8

2.6 LDR
LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) as the name states is a special type of resistor that
works on the photoconductivity principle means that resistance changes
according to the intensity of light. Its resistance decreases with an increase in the
intensity of light. It is often used as a light sensor, light meter, Automatic street
lights, and in areas where we need to have light sensitivity. It is also called a Light
Sensor.

Fig2.6: LDR

Applications
 The photo resistor is generally used in detecting the presence and intensity
of light
 Used in automatic lights that switch on and off according to light
 Simple Smoke Detector Alarm, Clock with automatic light
 Optical circuit design
 Photo proximity switch
 Laser-based security systems
 Solar Street Lamps
 Camera light meters
 Clock radios
 Can be used in Dynamic Compressors, some compressors use
LDR and LED connected to the signal source to create changes
in signal gain.
 9

Limitation:
 LDRs require a few milliseconds or more to respond fully to the changes in
light intensity, i.e. they require few seconds to return to their normal
resistance once the light source is removed.
 The sensitivity of an LDR varies with the light wavelength. If the wavelength is
outside a certain range, it will not affect the resistance at all.
 Light-dependent resistors have lower sensitivity than photodiodes and
phototransistors.

2.7 Switch
An electric switch is a device that interrupts the electron flow in a circuit. Switches
are primarily binary devices: either fully on or off and light switches have a simple
design. When the switch is turned off, the circuit breaks and the power flow is
interrupted. Circuits consist of a source of power and load.

Fig2.7: Switch
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2.8Connecting wire

 The conducting wire is a component of a circuit that carries the current in

the circuit. It is made out of a current conducting material like copper
or tungsten.
 The wire is covered by an insulating material like rubber for protections
well as to avoid loss of current.
 Conducting wires are represented by different colors in a circuit to
distinguish their function. Green is for grounding wire, black is
for neutral and red usually is for the live wire.

Fig2.8: Connecting wire

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2.9Laser Light

A laser produces a very narrow beam of light that is useful in many technologies
and instruments. The letters in the word laser stand for Light Amplification by
Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The letters in the word laser stand for Light
Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

Fig2.9: Laser Light

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Chapters 3
Methodology
3.1Circuit Diagram

Fig3.1: Circuit Diagram of Laser Security System

3.2Complete Circuit Diagram

Fig3.2: Complete Circuit Diagram of Laser Security System

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3.3 Necessary Component

We have used necessary components to successfully develop this project.

These are as follows:

 Battery
 Transistor
 Electric buzzer
 Resistors
 LED
 LDR
 Swatch
 Connecting wire
 Laser Light

3.4Working of a Laser Security System

A security system working on LASER technology detects and alerts the
intrusion attempt in the following steps –

 The Security System keeps on transmitting the narrow beam of light

through LASER in the air.
 The transmitted light travels in the air until it is blocked by a fixed
object in front of it.
 The beam of light on hitting the fixed object gets reflected back into
the device having a detector.
 The detector continuously keeps on measuring the light falling on it
after reflection.
 When the Laser Security System is idle with no one coming into the
path of the light beam, there will always be the same amount of light
coming to the detector.
 When any burglar comes in the path of the light beam, the path of
light gets disturbed and the amount of reflected light falling on the
detector gets altered.
 On noticing the change in the falling light, the detector considers it
as an intrusion attempt and activates the alarm unit to generate the
alarm.
 14

 The alarm goes off with a loud sound to alert the intruder as well as
the security personnel of the premises.
 15

Chapters 4
Procedure, Application and Precautions
4.1 Procedure
 Take the breadboard and mark its two extreme sides , any one as positive
and other as negative.
 Use the circuit diagram and make the connections as follows.
 Punch in the transistor on the breadboard.
 Connect the emitter of the transistor with negative side of breadboard
using a wire.
 Connect the LDR with base of transistor and negative side of breadboard.
 Connect the buzzer with collector of transistor and positive side of
breadboard.
 Now connect the 10k ohm resistor with base of transistor and positive side
of bread board.
 Now connect the battery and at this time the buzzer would be ringing.
 Now drop the laser light upon the receptive surface of the LDR and the
buzzer stops ringing.

4.2Application
 Laser Security System can be used in safety lockers in our homes, where
even if the locker’s code is hacked, it acts as an additional layer of security.
 Apart from security systems, this laser based setup can also be used to
check if pets or babies crossed a certain boundary.
 16

Fig4.2a: Outside House Premises a Laser Security System

Fig4.2b: At Doorway a Laser Security System

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4.3 Advantages
 The circuit, construction and setup for the Laser Security System is very
simple.
 If used with a battery, the laser security system can work even when
there is a power outage.

4.4 Disadvantages
 The laser security system works only if the laser is obstructed. If the
intruder passes without obstructing the laser, it is considered as a
failure.
 In order to secure a larger area, we need more lasers and corresponding
sensors.

4.5 Precautions
Cheap laser pointers that we find in most stores are generally restricted to 5mW
or less. These are generally considered safe. However, it is still possible to damage
your eyes if you are not careful. When working with lasers, it is a good idea to
wear the appropriate eye protection. Avoid looking directly at the laser diode.
Also never point lasers at aircraft.
 18

Chapters 5
Results Conclusion
5.1 Results and Discussion
When the laser beam falling over the LDR is interrupted by the object in the field
of laser net,hence the LDR develops an output voltage and the alarm rings
showing the sign of anyintruders. The Laser Security System has been successfully
designed and developed. Thebuzzer is turned on as the laser beam falling on the
LDR is interrupted. The experimentalmodel was made according to the circuit
diagram and the result was as expected.

The LDR has to be placed in dark place or inside a case so that the other source of
lightexcept the laser beam doesn’t affect the LDR. This helps the circuit to work
fasterandproperly.

5.2 Conclusion
Laser Security System gives us the protection from any crime, theft in our
everyday life thus individuals are installing them so as to remain sheltered, secure
and sound. Various electronic security systems can be used at home and other
important working places for security and safety purposes. It is one of the best
opportunity and source of saving man power contributing no wastage of
electricity. The “Laser Security System” is an important and helping system. Using
this system robbery, thefts and crime can be avoided to large extent. Avoiding
thieves results in the safety of our financial assets and there by their system
provides us protection against all. The laser beam and LDR module system is
highly sensitive with a great range of working. The system senses the light emitted
by the laser falling over the LDR connected with the circuit. Whenever the beam
of light is interrupted by any means, it triggers the alarm or siren. This highly
reactive approach has low computational requirement therefore it is well suited
to surveillance, industrial application and smart environments.
 19

5.3 References
5.3.1 YouTube
i. www.youtube.com/watch?v=siA2Imlizck&t=2s
ii. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alQ9v8dyaTs&t=160s

5.3.2 Google
i. Lee EA. Embedded Software, Advances in Computers. Zelkowitz M, Ed,
Academic Press; London. 2002. p . 56. Available from: http://
www.wikipedia.org
ii. Twisted Laser Beams: 1.6Tbps over a Fibre Optic Network Available From:
http://www.itproportal.com/2013/07/01/
iii. Adel S. Sedra& Kenneth C. Smith.,”Microelectronics Circuit 6th edition ”
iv. buzzer - definition of buzzer by The Free Dictionary". Retrieved 22 May
2015.
v. www.electronicshub.org/laser-security-system
vi. https://www.seminarsonly.com/Engineering-Projects/Physics/laser-
security-system.php
vii. https://www.irjet.net/archives/V5/i1/I RJET-V5I1163.pdf
viii. www.electronicshub.org/laser-security-system/