Functions,Conditional

Structure and Loops

Dr. Fuensanta Medina Domínguez
Function
 Example:
PART 1: Define
the function
> myfirstfunction<-function()
A function to sum
{ two values
a=4
b=5
c=a+b
return(c)
}

> myfirstfunction() PART 2: Call the

[1] 9 function
you have to call to
the function
Function
 Syntax:
Name_function <- function(arg_1,arg_2,…,arg_n)
{
sentences
#return a value
}

 To return a value before the function is finished

return(variable/expression)

 To call a function
Name_function (expr_1, expr_2,…,expr_n)
Conditional Structure: if()
 It’s a control statements
 It allows you depending on whether a condition is met, perform
different actions
 Syntax:
text_grade<-function()
{
if (condition) grade=5
{ if (grade>=5)
sentences A print("pass")
} else
else print ("fail")
{ }
sentences B > text_grade()
} [1] "pass"
Conditional Structure: if()
 You can write nested conditional sentences.
 Syntax:
text_grade<-function()
if (condition A) {
grade=9
{ if (grade<5)
sentences P {
} print("fail")
else }
{ else
if (condition B) {
{ if((grade>=5) (grade<7))
sentences M print("pass")
} else
else print("with honors")
{ }
sentences S }
}
}
> text_grade()
[1] "with honors"
• “conditional A” and “condition B”:
-- return a logical value
-- can be simple or multiple (AND, OR)
Loop: for()
 When you need to repeat the same operations n times:
for (vble in list)
{
sentences
}
 Example:
for(i in 1:5)
{
print(i)
}
[1] 1
[1] 2
[1] 3
[1] 4
[1] 5
Loop: for()

 Exercise: To show elements of a vector (A: 1,3, 5, 4)

Loop: for()
 Exercise: To show elements of a vector

A=c(1,3,5,4)
for(i in 1:4) If the vector is modified, what
{ would happen with this
print(A[i]) solution?
}
[1] 1
[1] 3
[1] 5
[1] 4
Loop: for()
 Exercise: To show elements of a vector

A=c(1,3,5,4)
for(i in 1:4) If the vector is modified, what
{ would happen with this
print(A[i]) solution?
}
[1] 1
[1] 3
[1] 5
[1] 4 It doesn’t work
Loop: for()
 Example: To show elements of a vector.

A=c(1,3,5,4) A=c(1,3,5,4)
for(i in 1:4) for(i in 1:length(A))
{ {
print(A[i]) print(A[i])
} }
[1] 1 [1] 1
[1] 3 [1] 3
[1] 5 [1] 5
[1] 4 [1] 4