0% found this document useful (0 votes)

48 views

Dbms Soft

The document provides information about a database management systems laboratory course. The course objectives include analyzing problems to identify database entities and relationships, designing and querying databases using MySQL, and normalizing data tables. The experiments cover designing databases, various MySQL queries, and developing PL/SQL programs using triggers and procedures. The course outcomes are identifying database components, designing schemas, formulating queries, and applying normalization techniques.

Uploaded by

SHAIK MOMINTAJ

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

0% found this document useful (0 votes)

48 views

Dbms Soft

Uploaded by

SHAIK MOMINTAJ

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 112

DATABASE MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM LABORATORY

Name of The Faculty: B.MURALI

Designation: ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

Course Course
Course name L-T-P Credits
code Category
Database Management Systems
20CS2182 PCC 0-0-3 1.5
Laboratory

Course Objectives:
1. Analyze the problem and identify the Entities and Relationships, keys for given
database.
2. Design, develop and query a database.
3. Able to construct queries and maintain a simple database using MySQL.
4. Normalization of data present in database tables.
5. Develop triggers programs using PL/SQL.
List of Experiments:
1. Designing the Database through Identifying Entities, Relationship Attributes.
MySQL
1. Queries to facilitate acquaintance of Built-In Functions, String Functions, Numeric
Functions,
2. Queries to facilitate acquaintance of Date Functions and Conversion Functions.
3. Queries for Creating, Dropping, and Altering Tables
4. Queries using operators in SQL
5. Queries to Retrieve and Change Data: Select, Insert, Delete, and Update
6. Queries using Group By, Order By, and Having Clauses
7. Queries on Controlling Data: Commit, Rollback, and Save point
8. Queries for creating Views, and Constraints
9. Queries on Joins ( Outer and Inner joins)
10. Queries on Correlated Sub-Queries

PL/SQL
1. Write a PL/SQL Code using Basic Variable, Anchored Declarations, and Usage of
Assignment Operation
2. Write a PL/SQL block using SQL and Control Structures in PL/SQL
3. Write a PL/SQL Code using Cursors, Exceptions and Composite Data Types
4. Write a PL/SQL Code using Procedures, Functions, and Packages FORMS
Course Outcomes:
After completing this course the student must demonstrate the knowledge and ability to:

CO 1 Identify the entities, attributes, relationships, keys for given database.

CO 2 Design a database schema for given problem.
CO 3 Formulate queries using MySQL DML, DDL commands.

CO 4 Formulate SQL queries using constraints and set comparison operators.

CO 5 Apply the normalization techniques for development of application software
to realistic problems.
CO 6 Develop PL/SQL programs using triggers, procedures
CO 7 Ability to design and implement given case study.

Course Nature Practical

Assessment Method
Assessment Tool Experiment Record Viva-Voce/ Total
s Quiz/MCQ/Lab
project
Weightage (%) 25% 5% 10% 40%
End Semester Examination weightage (%) 60%
ER DIAGRAMS
AIM: Designing of ER diagram for Hotel Management System

Entity: It is a thing or an element in real world which is distingushable from other

objects.

ENTITY ATTRIBUTES
Login Loginid,roleid,username,password
User Userid,email,username,mobile,address
Customer cust_id,cust_name,cust_pass,cus_mobile,hotel_id
Booking Book_id,Book_type,Book_desc,hotel_id
Hotel Hotel_id,Hotel_name,Hotel_rent,Hotel_type
Payments pay_date,pay_amt,pay_id,pay_mode,cus_id
Roles role_id,role_name,role_desc
role_ID
username

password
user_ID
Login_ID
Login
role_ID

username
User Has Roles
role_name
email

mobile
role_desc

address

Manage

Cus_name
Hotel_type pay_id

Cus_ID
pay_amt
Hotel_name Payments
Customer Hotel

pay_date
Cus_email
Hotel_id Hotel_rent
Cus_pass
pay_mode
cus_id
hotel_id Has

Booking
hotel_id
Book_ID
Book_desc
Book_type
LOGIN

Loginid roleid username password

ROLES

role_id role_name role_desc

USER

user_id username email password address

\
]CUSTOMER

cus_id cus_name cus_pass Hotel_id cus_mobile

HOTEL

Hotel_name Hotel_type Hotel_id Hotel_rent

BOOKING

book_id book_type book_desc Hotel_id

PAYMENTS

pay_id pay_date pay_amt pay_mode cus_id

AIM: Designing ER diagrams for Bank Management System with 5 entities.

Entity: It is a thing or an element in real world which is distingushable from other

objects.

ATTRIBUTES ENTITIES
Bank Name,bcode,address
Branch branch_id,name,address,bcode
Account acc_no,acc_type,balance,customer_id
Customer customer_id,name,phoneno,address,bcode
Loan loan_id,loanamt,loantype,branchid
Name bcode Branchid

bcode Name
Bank has Branch

Adress
Address

offer maintain AccountNo

LoanId

AccountType
Loantype Loan Account

branchid Balance
Amount
Availed by Hold by
customer_id

f
Customer
bcode

Address
CustomerId
PhoneNo
Name
BANK

bcode name address

BRANCH

branchid bcode bname address

LOAN

loan_id branchid loan_type loan_amt

CUSTOMER

customer_id bcode name phoneno address

ACCOUNT

account_no customer_id accountype balance

AIM: Designing ER diagrams for College Management System with 6 entities.

Entity: It is a thing or an element in real world which is distingushable from other

objects.

ENTITIES ATTRIBUTES
College Name,locatio,established_year
Buildings reg_id,floors,model
Rooms Model,roomno,size
Labs Labname,eqipment,location
Library Bookslist,inoutbook,registerbook
Classroom Year,cno,regid
c_id b_id
established_year c_id
roomno

College b_id
Contains Buildings Contains Rooms

roomsize

cname
location Floors

fname
f_id

Faculty
subject

fmobile

Used for

labname
rack_no

Labs Library Classroom

Roomno
branch

fid bid

no_of_books branch section_no

branch

bid
College

c_id cname location established_year

Buildings

b_id c_id floors

Rooms

roomno b_id roomsize

Faculty

f_id fname fmobile subject

Labs

labname f_id branch

Library

rack_no branch no_of_books bid

Classrooms

room_no branch section_no bid

AIM: Designing ER diagrams with 2 entities.

Entity: It is a thing or an element in real world which is distingushable from other

objects.

ENTITIES ATTRIBUTES
Customer customer_id,customer_name,customer_phno
Product Productid,customer_id,product_name,product_rating
Customer_id Customer_ph Product_id Customer_id

Product_name

Customer Orders Product

Customer_name

Product_rating
Customer

customer_id customer_name customer_phno

Product

customer_id productid product_name product_rating

AIM: Designing ER diagrams for Hospital Management System with 8 entities.

Entity: It is a thing or an element in real world which is distingushable from other

objects.

ENTITIES ATTRIBUTES
Records ad_date,dis_date,recordid,doctorid
Patient Pid,pname,gender,phno
Doctor Doctorid,dname,speciality
Nurse Nursename,gender
Room room_id,room_no,type
Medicine med_id,price,quantity,name
Bill Billid,medical_charges,pid
Payment Paymentid,status,type,name,paydate
doctorid
ad_date
dis_date recordid
doctor_id Records p_id
has has gender
speciality
Patient
Doctor treats p_name

phno
dname
members Given

medid

Nurse Medicine price

Governs Room

nurse_id name quantity

gender name

type
roomno roomid

billid

Bill issued

Medical pid paymentid

charges

Assign Payment status

type
pay_date
RECORDS

record_id ad_date dis_date doctorid

DOCTOR

doctorid dname speciality

PATIENT

pid pname gender phno

BILL

billid medicalcharges pid

ROOM

roomid room_name type pid

NURSE

nurseid name gender

PAYMENTS

paymentid status type pay_date

MYSQL
PROGRAM NO-1
1. DDL LANGUAGE COMMANDS

AIM:To implementing queries for creating ,dropping and altering a table using DDL
language

DESCRIPTION:DDL is means Data Definition Language, it is used to define the database

schema and structures.
There are five commands in DDL language:
1.create
2.alter
i.add---adding in specific position
ii.modify
iii.drop
iv.rename
3.rename table
4.truncate
5.drop

1.Creating a table:

The MySQL CREATE TABLE command is used to create a new table into the database.
A table creation command requires three things:
i.Name of the table
ii.Names of fields
iii.Definitions for each field

SYNTAX: CREATE TABLE table_name (column_name data_type(size),

column_name data_type(size),…...);

Example:
1.create table cus_tbl( cus_id integer not null auto_increment, cus_firstname varchar(100)
not null, cus_surname varchar(100) not null, primary key(cus_id) );

The ALTER statement is always used with "ADD", "DROP" ,”RENAME”and "MODIFY"
commands according to the situation.

i.Add column:

Syntax: ALTER TABLE table_name ADD new_column_name column_definition

[ FIRST | AFTER column_name ];

Parameters:
table_name: It specifies the name of the table that you want to modify.
new_column_name: It specifies the name of the new column that you want to add to the
table.
column_definition: It specifies the data type and definition of the column (NULL or NOT
NULL, etc).
FIRST | AFTER column_name: It is optional. It tells MySQL where in the table to create the
column. If this parameter is not specified, the new column will be added to the end of the
table.

Example:
mysql>alter table cus_tbl add s_no integer first;

-->describe cus_tbl;

Output:
+---------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| s_no | int | YES | | NULL | |
| cus_id | int | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| cus_firstname | varchar(100) | NO | | NULL | |
| cus_surname | varchar(100) | NO | | NULL | |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------

i.adding column in a specific position...

Example:
mysql> alter table cus_tbl add cus_phno varchar(20) after cus_id,add cus_Address
varchar(20) after cus_firstname;

mysql> describe cus_tbl;

ii.modify---changing the datatype of a column:

SYNTAX:
1. ALTER TABLE table_name ADD new_column_name column_definition
2. [ FIRST | AFTER column_name ],
3. ADD new_column_name column_definition [ FIRST | AFTER column_name ],
4. ...
5. ;

Example:
mysql> alter table cus_tbl modify cus_firstname char(20)null;

mysql> describe cus_tbl;

Syntax:

ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name;

Example:
mysql> alter table cus_tbl drop column cus_address;

mysql> describe cus_tbl;

iv.rename--renaming the name of a column

SYNTAX: ALTER TABLE table_name rename COLUMN old_column_name TO

4.truncate
truncate—deleting all the records not the structure
The TRUNCATE TABLE statement is used when you want to delete the complete data from
a table without removing the table structure.

Syntax:TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;

5.drop:
MYSQL DROP table statement removes the complete data with structure.
Syntax: DROP TABLE table_name;
Example:
mysql> drop customer_table;
mysql> show tables;
Output:
Empty set (0.00 sec)
PROGRAM NO-2
2.DML LANGUAGE COMMANDS

AIM:To implementing the queries for inserting,updating,deleting and retrieving the data
from a table using DML language.

DESCRIPTION:
DML is means Data Manipulation Language which deals with data manipulation, and
includes most common SQL statements such SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE etc,
and it is used to store, modify, retrieve,delete and update data in database.
1)INSERT – insert data into a table.
2)UPDATE – updates existing data within a table.
3)DELETE – Delete all records from a database table.
4)SELECT – retrieve data from the database.

1.insert:
MySQL INSERT statement is used to insert data in MySQL table within the database. We
can insert single or multiple records using a single query in MySQL.

Syntax:
i.The SQL INSERT INTO command is used to insert data in MySQL table.
Following is a generic syntax:
1. INSERT INTO table_name ( field1, field2,...fieldN )
2. VALUES ( value1, value2,...valueN );
Field name is optional. If you want to specify partial values, field name is mandatory.
ii.Syntax for all fields:
1. INSERT INTO table_name VALUES ( value1, value2,...valueN );

Example:
//i.insert command for all fileds
mysql> insert into student values(1,'deepika',89,'6300416456');
//ii.insert command for partial fields
mysql> insert into student(sno,sname)values(2,'sai');
//iii.insert command for multiple records
mysql> insert into student values(3,'ganesh',90,'7658962173'),(4,'vasantha',78,'7567269562'),
(5,'gnapika',98,'7387897432');
mysql> select * from student;
Output:
+------+----------+-------+------------+
| sno | sname | marks | s_phno |
+------+----------+-------+------------+
| 1 | deepika | 89 | 6300416456 |
| 2 | sai | NULL | NULL |

| 3 | ganesh | 90 | 7658962173 |
| 4 | vasantha | 78 | 7567269562 |
| 5 | gnapika | 98 | 7387897432 |
+------+----------+-------+------------

2.UPDATE:
MySQL UPDATE statement is used to update data of the MySQL table within the database.
It is used when you need to modify the table.

Syntax:UPDATE table_name SET field1=new-value1, field2=new-value2 [WHERE Clause]

Example:
mysql> update student set marks=94,s_phno='9789482978' where sno=2;
mysql> select * from student;
Output:
+------+----------+-------+------------+
| sno | sname | marks | s_phno |
+------+----------+-------+------------+
| 1 | deepika | 89 | 6300416456 |
| 2 | sai | 94 | 9789482978 |
| 3 | ganesh | 90 | 7658962173 |
| 4 | vasantha | 78 | 7567269562 |
| 5 | gnapika | 98 | 7387897432 |
+------+----------+-------+------------

3.DELETE:
MySQL DELETE statement is used to delete data from the MySQL table within the
database. By using delete statement, we can delete records on the basis of conditions.

Syntax:DELETE FROM table_name WHERE (Condition specified);

Example:
mysql> delete from student where sno=5;
mysql> select * from student;
Output:
+------+----------+-------+------------+
| sno | sname | marks | s_phno |
+------+----------+-------+------------+
| 1 | deepika | 89 | 6300416456 |
| 2 | sai | 94 | 9789482978 |
| 3 | ganesh | 90 | 7658962173 |
| 4 | vasantha | 78 | 7567269562 |
+------+----------+-------+------------

4.SELECT:
The MySQL SELECT statement is used to fetch data from the one or more tables in
MySQL. We can retrieverecords of all fields or specified fields.

Syntax for specified fields:

1. SELECT expressions FROM tables [WHERE conditions];
Syntax for all fields:
1. SELECT * FROM tables [WHERE conditions];

Example:
mysql> select sname,marks from student where marks>85;
Output:
+---------+-------+
| sname | marks |
+---------+-------+
| deepika | 89 |
| sai | 94 |
| ganesh | 90 |
+---------+-------
PROGRAM NO-3
3.TCL LANGUAGE COMMANDS

AIM:To implementing the queries for commit,savepoint and rollback the data of a table
using TCL language.

DESCRIPTION:TCL means transaction control language.These are used to control the

transaction in a database
There are three types in TCL command
1.commit
2.savepoint
3.rollback

1.commit:
It commits the current transaction means making changes permanently.
Syntax:commit;
Example:
mysql> select * from student;
+------+----------+-------+------------+
| sno | sname | marks | s_phno |
+------+----------+-------+------------+
| 1 | deepika | 89 | 6300416456 |
| 2 | sai | 94 | 9789482978 |
| 3 | ganesh | 90 | 7658962173 |
| 4 | vasantha | 78 | 7567269562 |
+------+----------+-------+------------+
mysql> commit;
2.savepoint:
It is used to store data temporarily.It is an restoring point which lies in between the
commit and rollback.
Syntax:savepoint savepoint_name;
Example:
mysql> start transaction;
mysql> savepoint 2rows;
mysql> insert into student values(5,'gnapika',56,'7789347893');
mysql> select * from student;
Output:
+------+----------+-------+------------+
| sno | sname | marks | s_phno |
+------+----------+-------+------------+
| 1 | deepika | 89 | 6300416456 |
| 2 | sai | 94 | 9789482978 |

| 3 | ganesh | 90 | 7658962173 |
| 4 | vasantha | 78 | 7567269562 |
| 5 | gnapika | 56 | 7789347893 |
+------+----------+-------+------------+
mysql> rollback to 2rows;
mysql> select * from student;
Output:
+------+----------+-------+------------+
| sno | sname | marks | s_phno |
+------+----------+-------+------------+
| 1 | deepika | 89 | 6300416456 |
| 2 | sai | 94 | 9789482978 |
| 3 | ganesh | 90 | 7658962173 |
| 4 | vasantha | 78 | 7567269562 |
+------+----------+-------+------------

3.rollback:
The rollback statement restores the database changes to the starting of transaction on i.e
previous commit.
Syntax:rollback;
Example:
mysql> start transaction;
mysql> select * from student;
+------+----------+-------+------------+
| sno | sname | marks | s_phno |
+------+----------+-------+------------+
| 1 | deepika | 89 | 6300416456 |
| 2 | sai | 94 | 9789482978 |
| 3 | ganesh | 90 | 7658962173 |
| 4 | vasantha | 78 | 7567269562 |
--------------------------------------------

mysql> insert into student values(5,'gnapika',56,'7789347893');

mysql> rollback;
Output:
mysql> select * from student;
+------+----------+-------+------------+
| sno | sname | marks | s_phno |
+------+----------+-------+------------+
| 1 | deepika | 89 | 6300416456 |
| 2 | sai | 94 | 9789482978 |
| 3 | ganesh | 90 | 7658962173 |
| 4 | vasantha | 78 | 7567269562 |
-------------------------------------------
PROGRAM NO-4
4.DCL LANGUAGE COMMANDS

AIM:To apply DCL commands on a database.

DESCRIPTION:DCL full form Data Control Language.It is used to provide control to the
data in a database.
There are two types in DCL commands.
1.grant
2.revoke

1.grant:
It is used to provide access or privilages or permissions on the database objects
to the user.

//creating user name to give acces...

SYNTAX:CREATE USER 'username' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

mysql> create user deepu@localhost identified by 'Deepika123#@!';

Syntax:GRANT permission_type ON database.table TO 'username'@'localhost';

Example:
mysql> grant insert,select on deepika.student to deepu@localhost;

//open in new tab

mysql -u deepu -p;

Enter password: Deepika123#@!

//performing insert,select....

mysql> show databases;

Database changed
mysql> insert into student values(4,'gnapika',76,'9378326432');
mysql> select * from student;
Output:
+------+----------+-------+------------+
| sno | sname | marks | s_phno |
+------+----------+-------+------------+
| 1 | deepika | 89 | 6300416456 |
| 2 | sai | 94 | 9789482978 |
| 3 | ganesh | 90 | 7658962173 |
| 4 | vasantha | 78 | 7567269562 |
| 4 | gnapika | 76 | 9378326432 |
+------+----------+-------+------------

2.Revoke:
To take back privileges from a specific user, use the REVOKE command. It works similar to
the GRANT command.

Syntax:REVOKE permission_type ON database.table TO 'username'@'localhost';

//revoke the insert permission in the original tab

it is used to remove access right or privilages to the database objects
Example:
mysql> revoke insert on deepika.student from deepu@localhost;

mysql> insert into student values(4,'gnapika',76,'9378326432');

Output:
ERROR 1142 (42000): INSERT command denied to user 'deepu'@'localhost' for table
'student'

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROGRAM NO-5
5.OPERATORS

AIM:To apply operators in database tables.

DESCRIPTION:
To retrieve data from the table based on some rules, then use conditional operators.
Conditional operators return true or false esteem based on the instance of the variables.
1.comparison operators--- =,<,>,<=,>=,!=
2.arithmetic operators---+,-,*,/,%
3.logical operators---AND,OR,NOT
4.special operators—between,isnull,is notnull,like,in
5.relational set operators—union,unionall,intersection,minus

mysql> select * from employee;

+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 1 | deepika | 27899 | 1|
| 2 | sai | 56576 | 2|
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3 |
| 4 | vasuu | 78000 | 2|
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3|
| 6| dinesh| null | 4 |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.comparision operators:
comparison operators are = ,>,<,>=,<=.

Syntax:select * from table_name where column_name [operator] value;

EXAMPLE:
i.mysql> select *from employee where empsal=78000;
Output:
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 4 | vasuu | 78000 | 2|
+-------+---------+--------+--------
ii.mysql> select *from employee where empsal<60000;
+-------+---------+--------+--------
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 1 | deepika | 27899 | 1|
| 2 | sai | 56576 | 2|
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3|
+-------+---------+--------+--------

iii.mysql> select *from employee where empsal>55000;

+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 2 | sai | 56576 | 2|
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3|
| 4 | vasuu | 78000 | 2|
+-------+---------+--------+--------

iv.mysql> select *from employee where empsal<=60000;

v.mysql> select *from employee where empsal>=60000;

+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3|
| 4 | vasuu | 78000 | 2|
+-------+---------+--------+--------
vi.mysql> select *from employee where empsal!=78000;
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 1 | deepika | 27899 | 1|
| 2 | sai | 56576 | 2|
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3|
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3|
+-------+---------+--------+--------
2.arithmetic operators{+,-,*,/,%}
Arithmetic operators are +,-,*,/ we can use the arithmetic operators
with the table attribute in a conditional expression

Syntax:select column_name [operator] value from table_name;

Examples:
mysql> select empsal+1000 from employee;
+-------------+
| empsal+1000 |
+-------------+
| 28899 |
| 57576 |
| 61000 |
| 79000 |
| 55565 |
+-------------+

mysql> select empsal-1000 from employee;

+-------------+
| empsal-1000 |
+-------------+
| 26899 |
| 55576 |
| 59000 |
| 77000 |
| 53565 |
+-------------+

mysql> select empsal*2 from employee;

+----------+
| empsal*2 |
+----------+
| 55798 |
| 113152 |
| 120000 |
| 156000 |
| 109130 |
+----------+
mysql> select empsal/2 from employee;
+----------+
| empsal/2 |
+----------+
| 13949.5 |
| 28288 |
| 30000 |
| 39000 |
| 27282.5 |
+----------+

mysql> select empsal%2 from employee;

+----------+
| empsal%2 |
+----------+
| 1|
| 0|
| 0|
| 0|
| 1|
+----------

3.LOGICAL OPERATORS{AND,OR,NOT}

The logical operators are AND, OR, NOT, are used in between two or more conditional
expression.

i.AND
To specify multiple conditions in the column of MySQL table use Logical AND operator. i.e.
MySQL Logical And operator compares two results and returns true if both of the results are
true.

Syntax: Select * from <table_name> where <condition1> and <condition2> and

<condition3>;
Example:
mysql> select * from employee where deptno=3 and empsal>50000;
Output:
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3|
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3|
+-------+---------+--------+--------
ii.OR
To specify multiple conditions on different columns in MySQL table use Logical OR
operator. MySQL Logical OR operator compares two expressions and returns true if both of
the expressions is valid.

Syntax:Select * from <table_name> where <condition1> or <condition2> or <condition3>;

Example:
mysql> select * from employee where deptno=1 or deptno=2 or deptno=3;
Output:
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 1 | deepika | 27899 | 1|
| 2 | sai | 56576 | 2|
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3|
| 4 | vasuu | 78000 | 2|
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3|
+-------+---------+--------+--------

iii.NOT EQUAL
MySQL NOT EQUAL operator is used to return a set of rows from the table, after making
sure that two expressions placed on either sides of the table are NOT NULL.

Syntax: Select * from <table_name> where <column_name> is not equal to;

Example:
mysql> select * from employee where deptno<>3;
Output:
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 1 | deepika | 27899 | 1|
| 2 | sai | 56576 | 2|
| 4 | vasuu | 78000 | 2|
+-------+---------+--------+--------

4.special operators(BETWEEN,ISNULL,ISNOTNULL,LIKE,IN,ALL,ANY)

i.between
MySQL BETWEEN AND operator checks whether a value is present between minimum and
maximum range of an expression.

Syntax: Select * from <table_name> where <column_name> between minimum and

maximum;
Example:
mysql> select * from employee where empsal between 50000 and 60000;
Output:
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 2 | sai | 56576 | 2|
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3|
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3|
+-------+---------+--------+--------

ii.isnull
MySQL IS NULL operator will review whether a esteem is NULL.

Syntax : Select * from <table_name> where <column_name> is null;

iii.isnotnull
MYSQL IS NOT NULL operator will review whether the esteem IS Not Null or not.

Syntax : select * from <table_name> where <column_name> is not null.

Example:
mysql> select * from employee where empsal is not null;
Output:
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 1 | deepika | 27899 | 1|
| 2 | sai | 56576 | 2|
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3|
| 4 | vasuu | 78000 | 2|
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3|
+-------+---------+--------+--------

iv.like
The Like operation is used with wildcard characters [%, -]
To find out the patterns within the string attributes % it means any and all following or
preceding characters.
_ (Under score) it means any single characters
Example:
mysql> select * from employee where empname like '___p%';
Output:
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 1 | deepika | 27899 | 1|
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3|
+-------+---------+--------+--------

v.in
This operator is used to check whether all attribute values match any value with in a value
list. The values in the list are all of same data types
Syntax:select * from table_name where column_name in(value1,value2,....);
Example:
mysql> select * from employee where empsal in(60000,78000);
Output:
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3|
| 4 | vasuu | 78000 | 2|
----------------------------------------------

vi.all
The ALL operator:
• returns a boolean value as a result
• returns TRUE if ALL of the subquery values meet the condition
• is used with SELECT, WHERE and HAVING statements

ALL means that the condition will be true only if the operation is true for all values in the range.

SYNTAX:SELECT ALL column_name(s)

FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

EXAMPLE:mysql> select * from employee where 5>all(select deptno from employee);//true

OUTPUT:
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empno | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 1 | deepika | 27899 | 1|
| 2 | sai | 56576 | 2|
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3|
| 4 | vasuu | 78000 | 2|
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3|
| 6 | dinesh | NULL | 4|
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2)mysql> select * from employee where 5<all(select deptno from employee);//false
OUTPUT:
Empty set (0.00 sec)

V.ANY
The ANY operator:

• returns a boolean value as a result

• returns TRUE if ANY of the subquery values meet the condition
ANY means that the condition will be true if the operation is true for any of the values in the range.

SYNTAX:SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator ANY

(SELECT column_name FROM table_name WHERE condition);
EXAMPLE:
1)mysql> select * from employee where 2>any(select deptno from employee);//true
OUTPUT:
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empno | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 1 | deepika | 27899 | 1|
| 2 | sai | 56576 | 2|
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3|
| 4 | vasuu | 78000 | 2|
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3|
| 6 | dinesh | NULL | 4|
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2)mysql> select * from employee where 1>any(select deptno from employee);//false

OUTPUT:
Empty set (0.00 sec)

5.RELATIONAL SET OPERATIONS

SQL SET Operators are behaving same like mathematical sets, these sql set operators are
classified into four types, which is given below;
❖Union
❖Union all
❖Minus
❖Intersect

mysql> select * from s1;

+------+-------+--------+
| sid | sname | smarks |
+------+-------+--------+
| 1 | deepu | 89 |
| 2 | sai | 67 |
| 3 | ganii | 78 |
| 4 | vasuu | 65 |
+------+-------+--------
mysql> select * from s2;
+------+---------+--------+
| sid | sname | smarks |
+------+---------+--------+
| 1 | deepu | 89 |
| 2 | gnapika | 67 |
| 3 | ganii | 78 |
| 4 | dinesh | 65 |
+------+---------+--------
1.UNION
Union operator returns all the value from the entire table. But it do not include duplicate
values, it means it not return duplicate values.

Syntax:select * from table_name1 union select * from table_name2;

Example:
mysql> select * from s1 union select * from s2;
Output:
+------+---------+--------+
| sid | sname | smarks |
+------+---------+--------+
| 1 | deepu | 89 |
| 2 | sai | 67 |
| 3 | ganii | 78 |
| 4 | vasuu | 65 |
| 2 | gnapika | 67 |
| 4 | dinesh | 65 |
+------+---------+--------
2.UNION ALL
Union all operator returns all the value from the entire table including duplicate values.
Syntax:select * from table_name1 unionall select * from table_name2;
Example:
mysql> select * from s1 union all select * from s2;
Output:
+------+---------+--------+
| sid | sname | smarks |
+------+---------+--------+
| 1 | deepu | 89 |
| 2 | sai | 67 |
| 3 | ganii | 78 |
| 4 | vasuu | 65 |
| 1 | deepu | 89 |
| 2 | gnapika | 67 |
| 3 | ganii | 78 |
| 4 | dinesh | 65 |
+------+---------+--------
3.INTERSECT
Intersect operator return the common value from all the variables
Syntax:select * from table_name1 intersection select * from table_name2;
Example:select * from s1 union select * from s2;
Output:
+------+-------+--------+
| sid | sname | smarks |
+------+-------+--------+
| 1 | deepu | 89 |
| 3 | ganii | 78 |
+------+------+--------
4.MINUS:
Minus operator return the values which are not available in first table but not available in
second table.
Syntax:select * from table_name1 minus select * from table_name2;
Example:
select * from s1 minus select * from s2;
Output:
+------+-------+--------+
| sid | sname | smarks |
+------+-------+--------+
| 2 | sai | 67 |
| 4 | dinesh | 65 |
+------+---------+--------
PROGRAM NO-6
6.CLAUSES
AIM:To apply clauses in database tables.

DESCRIPTION:
Clause is defined as a set of rules, that makes to understand the concepts of MySQL
command in Database.
MySQL Clauses are very similar to SQL clause, except some functional operations.
Types of clauses are
1.Distinct clause.
2.Where clause.
3.Group By clause.
4.Having clause.
5.Order by clause .

1.Distinct clause:
Used to eliminate the duplicate values in a specific column

Syntax:select distinct column_name from table_name;

Example:
mysql> select * from employee;
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 1 | deepika | 27899 | 1|
| 2 | sai | 56576 | 2|
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3|
| 4 | vasuu | 78000 | 2|
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3|
| 6 | dinesh | NULL | 3|
+-------+---------+--------+--------
Output:
mysql> select distinct deptno from employee;
+--------+
| deptno |
+--------+
| 1|
| 2|
| 3|
+--------
2.where clause:
Where clause will specify the condition for the result set in the table.
Syntax:select * from table_name where column_name =’value’;
Example:
mysql> select empname from employee where empsal>55000;
Output:
+---------+
| empname |
+---------+
| sai |
| ganesh |
| vasuu |
+---------

3.Groupby clause:
To divide the data of a table into groups based on single column use Group By clause.
Syntax:select columnname,condition from table_name group by column_name;
Example:
mysql> select deptno,max(empsal) from employee group by deptno;
Output:
+--------+-------------+
| deptno | max(empsal) |
+--------+-------------+
| 1 | 27899 |
| 2 | 78000 |
| 3 | 60000 |
+--------+-------------

4.Having clause:
To specify a condition with group by clause use Having clause.
Syntax:select columnname,condition from table_name group by column_name having
condition;
Example:
mysql> select deptno,max(empsal) from employee group by deptno having
max(empsal)>55000;
Output:
+--------+-------------+
| deptno | max(empsal) |
+--------+-------------+
| 2 | 78000 |
| 3 | 60000 |
+--------+-------------
5.order by clause:
To arrange data of a table either in ascending order or descending order based on single
column use Orderby clause i.e., Select * from the table name will show all the rows from the
table and order by clause is used to arrange the specific column in ascending or descending
order.
Syntax:select * from table_name order by column_name;
Example:
mysql> select * from employee order by empsal;
Output:
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 6 | dinesh | NULL | 3|
| 1 | deepika | 27899 | 1|
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3|
| 2 | sai | 56576 | 2|
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3|
| 4 | vasuu | 78000 | 2|
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
//descending order
mysql> select * from employee order by empsal desc;
output:
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 4 | vasuu | 78000 | 2|
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3|
| 2 | sai | 56576 | 2|
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3|
| 1 | deepika | 27899 | 1|
| 6 | dinesh | NULL | 3|
+-------+---------+--------+--------
PROGRAM NO-7
7.JOINS

AIM:To implement the queries of joins in tables in a database.

DESCRIPTION:
Join is used to retrieve the data from more than one table in a single query
There are following joins are available in SQL:
1.Equi join.
2.Cartesian join[cross join].
3.Non-equi join.
4.Outer join.
5.Self join.

1.equi join:

✓ It is used to retrieve the data from more than 1 table based on “equality” condition.
✓ Tables must have common column between them to apply this join.
✓ If N tables are joined N-1 conditions are applied.
Syntax:select * from table1_name,table2_name where condition;
Example:
Table1:
mysql> select * from dept;
+--------+-----------+
| deptno | deptname |
+--------+-----------+
| 1 | software |
| 2 | hardware |
| 3 | developer |
| 4 | tester |
+--------+-----------
Table2:
mysql> select * from employee;
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 1 | deepika | 27899 | 1|
| 2 | sai | 56576 | 2|
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3|
| 4 | vasuu | 78000 | 2|
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3|
| 6 | dinesh | NULL | 3|
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
Example:
mysql> select empname,deptname from employee,dept where
employee.deptno=dept.deptno;
Output:
+---------+-----------+
| empname | deptname |
+---------+-----------+
| deepika | software |
| sai | hardware |
| ganesh | developer |
| vasuu | hardware |
| gnapika | developer |
| dinesh | developer |
------------------------

2) Cartesian join: -[cross join]

✓ It is used to retrieve the data from the multiple tables without any conditions.
✓ It is used to retrieve data analysis report.
✓ No need to have common column between tables to apply this type of join

Syntax:select * from table1_name crossjoin table2_name;

Example1:
mysql> select * from employee cross join dept;
Output:
+-------+---------+--------+--------+--------+-----------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno | deptno | deptname |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+--------+-----------+
| 1 | deepika | 27899 | 1| 4 | tester |
| 1 | deepika | 27899 | 1| 3 | developer |
| 1 | deepika | 27899 | 1| 2 | hardware |
| 1 | deepika | 27899 | 1| 1 | software |
| 2 | sai | 56576 | 2| 4 | tester |
| 2 | sai | 56576 | 2| 3 | developer |
| 2 | sai | 56576 | 2| 2 | hardware |
| 2 | sai | 56576 | 2| 1 | software |
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3| 4 | tester |
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3| 3 | developer |
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3| 2 | hardware |
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3| 1 | software |
| 4 | vasuu | 78000 | 2| 4 | tester |
| 4 | vasuu | 78000 | 2| 3 | developer |
| 4 | vasuu | 78000 | 2| 2 | hardware |
| 4 | vasuu | 78000 | 2| 1 | software |
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3| 4 | tester |
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3| 3 | developer |
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3| 2 | hardware |
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3| 1 | software |
| 6 | dinesh | NULL | 3| 4 | tester |
| 6 | dinesh | NULL | 3| 3 | developer |
| 6 | dinesh | NULL | 3| 2 | hardware |
| 6 | dinesh | NULL | 3| 1 | software |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+--------+-----------
Example2:
mysql> select empname,deptname from employee cross join dept;
Output:
+---------+-----------+
| empname | deptname |
+---------+-----------+
| deepika | tester |
| deepika | developer |
| deepika | hardware |
| deepika | software |
| sai | tester |
| sai | developer |
| sai | hardware |
| sai | software |
| ganesh | tester |
| ganesh | developer |
| ganesh | hardware |
| ganesh | software |
| vasuu | tester |
| vasuu | developer |
| vasuu | hardware |
| vasuu | software |
| gnapika | tester |
| gnapika | developer |
| gnapika | hardware |
| gnapika | software |
| dinesh | tester |
| dinesh | developer |
| dinesh | hardware |
| dinesh | software |
-------------------------

3.Non Equi-join:
✓ It is used to retrieve the data from multiple tables based on other condition but not equal.
✓ Non Equi Join uses all comparison operators except the equal (=) operator like !=, >=, <=,
<, >.

Syntax:select * from table_name1,table_name2 where condition(notequal);

4.Outer join:
This join returns all the rows from one table and only those rows from second table which
meets the condition.
3types:
a)left outer join
b)right outer join
c)full outer join

a)left outer join:

✓ Returns all the rows from left table(ie, first table) and rows that meet the condition from
second table.
✓ All the rows from left table and only matching rows from the right table.

Syntax:select * from table_name1 left outer join table_name2 on condition;

Example:
mysql> select * from employee left outer join dept on employee.deptno=dept.deptno;
Output:
+-------+---------+--------+--------+--------+-----------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno | deptno | deptname |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+--------+-----------+
| 1 | deepika | 27899 | 1| 1 | software |
| 2 | sai | 56576 | 2| 2 | hardware |
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3| 3 | developer |
| 4 | vasuu | 78000 | 2| 2 | hardware |
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3| 3 | developer |
| 6 | dinesh | NULL | 3| 3 | developer |
| 7 | ramesh | 45000 | 7 | NULL | NULL |
--------------------------------------------------------------

b)right outer join:

✓ Returns all the rows from right table(ie, second table) and rows that meet the condition
from first table.
✓ All rows from right table and only matching rows from the left table.

Syntax:select * from table_name1 right outer join table_name2 on condition;

Example:
mysql> select * from employee right outer join dept on employee.deptno=dept.deptno;
Output:
+-------+---------+--------+--------+--------+-----------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno | deptno | deptname |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+--------+-----------+
| 1 | deepika | 27899 | 1| 1 | software |
| 4 | vasuu | 78000 | 2| 2 | hardware |
| 2 | sai | 56576 | 2| 2 | hardware |
| 6 | dinesh | NULL | 3| 3 | developer |
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3| 3 | developer |
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3| 3 | developer |
| NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 4 | tester |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+--------+-----------

c)full outer join;

✓ Combines the results of both left and right outer joins.
✓ Non-matching records from both the tables will be left blank
Syntax:select * from table_name1 full outer join table_name2 on condition;
Example:
mysql>select * from employee full outer join dept on employee.deptno=dept.deptno;
Output:
+-------+---------+--------+--------+--------+-----------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno | deptno | deptname |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+--------+-----------+
| 1 | deepika | 27899 | 1| 1 | software |
| 2 | sai | 56576 | 2| 2 | hardware |
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3| 3 | developer |
| 4 | vasuu | 78000 | 2| 2 | hardware |
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3| 3 | developer |
| 6 | dinesh | NULL | 3| 3 | developer |
| 7 | ramesh | 45000 | 7 | NULL | NULL |
| NULL|NULL|NULL| NULL| 4 |tester |
--------------------------------------------------------------

5)self join:

✓ Here the table is joined (compared) to itself.

AIM:To implement queries based on various functions in a database.

DESCRIPTION:
➔ All SQL functions are inbuilt functions.
➔ These are classified as two types:
1. Single row function
2. Multiple row function

1.Single row functions:

There are the one who works on the single row and return one output for row.
EX: Conversion Function,Character Function (or) String Function,Numeric Function.

i.conversion function:

a)upper():This function convert a string to Uppercase.

Syntax: select upper(string);
Example:
mysql> select upper("deepika");
Output:
+------------------+
| upper("deepika") |
+------------------+
| DEEPIKA |
+------------------+

b)lower():This function converts the string to all lowercase.

Syntax:select lower(string);
Example:
mysql> select lower("DEEPIKA");
Output:
+------------------+
| lower("DEEPIKA") |
+------------------+
| deepika |
+------------------

ii.string functions:

a)concat():This function is used to combine two strings.

Syntax:select concat(“string1”,”string2”);
Example:
mysql> select concat("deepika","jesta");
Output:
+---------------------------+
| concat("deepika","jesta") |
+---------------------------+
| deepikajesta |
+---------------------------

b)strcmp():This function is used to compare two strings.

Syntax:select strcmp(string1,string2);
Example:
mysql> select strcmp("deepu","deepika");
Output:
+---------------------------+
| strcmp("deepu","deepika") |
+---------------------------+
| 1|
+---------------------------

c)length():This function is used count the length of the string.

Syntax:select length(“string”);
Example:
mysql> select length("deepika");
Output:
+-------------------+
| length("deepika") |
+-------------------+
| 7|
+-------------------+

d)substr():This function is used to return a porttion of string given start point to end point.
Syntax:select substr(string,startpoint);
Example:
mysql> select substr("deepika",5);
Output:
+---------------------+
| substr("deepika",5) |
+---------------------+
| ika |
-------------------
e)instr():This function is used to return a numeric position of a character (or) string.

Syntax:select instr(string,character);
Example:
mysql> select instr("rgukt","u");
Output:
+--------------------+
| instr("rgukt","u") |
+--------------------+
| 3|
---------------------

f)lpad():This function is used to insert the symbol with the actual length of the string from
left to right.
Syntax:select lpad(string,length,symbol);
Example:
mysql> select lpad("rgukt",10,"*");
Output:
+----------------------+
| lpad("rgukt",10,"*") |
+----------------------+
| *****rgukt |
+----------------------

g)rpad():This function is used to insert the symbol with the actual length of the string from
right to left.
Syntax:select rpad(string,length,symbol);
Example:
mysql> select rpad("rgukt",10,"*");
Output:
+----------------------+
| rpad("rgukt",10,"*") |
+----------------------+
| rgukt***** |
--------------------------

h)ltrim():This function is used to remove leading spaces in a given string from left side.
Syntax:select ltrim(“ string” );
Example:
mysql> select ltrim("world ");
Output:
+-----------------------+
| ltrim("world ") |
+-----------------------+
| world |
+-----------------------
iii.numeric functions
1.Truncate():Remove decimal part.
Syntax:select trunc(number having decimalpart);
Example:
mysql> select round (27.6);
Output:
+--------------+
| round (27.6) |
+--------------+
| 28 |
+--------------+

2.mod():This used to find the remainder of a division.

Synatx:select mod(dividend,divisor);
Example:
mysql> select mod(56,6);
Output:
+-----------+
| mod(56,6) |
+-----------+
| 2|
+-----------+

3.least():used to find the least value in a given set of values.

Syntax:select least(set of numbers);
Example:
mysql> select least(-2,-6,-1,0);
Output:
+-------------------+
| least(-2,-6,-1,0) |
+-------------------+
| -6 |
+-------------------+

4.greatest():used to find the greatest value in a given set of values.

Syntax:select greatest(set of numbers);
Example:
mysql> select greatest(-2,-6,-1,0);
Output:
+----------------------+
| greatest(-2,-6,-1,0) |
+----------------------+
| 0|
+----------------------+
5.sqrt():It is used to find the square root of a number.
Syntax:select sqrt(number);
Example:
mysql> select sqrt(64);
Output:
+----------+
| sqrt(64) |
+----------+
| 8|
+----------

6.ceil():It is used to find the upperbound of a value.

Syntax:select ceil(decimal number);
Example:
mysql> select ceil(25.3);
Output:
+------------+
| ceil(25.3) |
+------------+
| 26 |
--------------

7.floor():it is used to find the lowerbound of a value.

Syntax:select floor(decimal number);
Example:
mysql> select floor(25.3);
Output:
+-------------+
| floor(25.3) |
+-------------+
| 25 |
-----------------

8.power():It is used to find the power of particular value.

Syntax:select power(number,powervalue);
Example:
mysql> select power(8,2);
Output:
+------------+
| power(8,2) |
+------------+
| 64 |
+------------
2)multiple row functions:
➢ These are works upon group of rows and return one result for the complete set of rows.
➢ These are also called as “group function” (or) “aggregate fuctions”.
➢ The following are the aggregate functions:
i)sum()
ii)avg()
iii)count()
iv)min()
v)max()
vi)first()
vii)last()

a)sum():The function is used to get sum of numeric column.

Syntax:select sum(column_name) from table_name;
Example:
mysql> select sum(empsal) from employee;
Output:
+-------------+
| sum(empsal) |
+-------------+
| 322040 |
+-------------+

b)avg():This function is used to get the average of numeric column.

Syntax:select avg(column_name) from table_name;
Example:
mysql> select avg(empsal) from employee;
Output:
+--------------------+
| avg(empsal) |
+--------------------+
| 53673.333333333336 |
----------------------------

c)count():This function is used to get the number of rows in a table.

Syntax:select count(*) from table_name;

Example:
mysql> select count(*) from employee;

Output:
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 7|
+----------
d)min():This function is used to get the minimum value from a column.
Syntax:select min(column_name)from table_name;
Example:
mysql> select min(empsal) from employee;
Output:
+-------------+
| min(empsal) |
+-------------+
| 27899 |
+-------------+

e)max():This function is used to get the maximum value from a column.

Syntax:select max(column_name)from table_name;
Example:
mysql> select max(empsal) from employee;
Output:
+-------------+
| max(empsal) |
+-------------+
| 78000 |
+-------------
f)first():This function is used to get the first value of selected column.

Syntax:select column_name from table_name limit1;

Example:
mysql> select empname from employee limit 1;

Output:
+---------+
| empname |
+---------+
| deepika |
+---------+
| 2|
+----------
g)last():This function is used to get the lastvalue of a selected column.

Syntax:select column_name from table_name order by column_name desc limit1;

Example:
mysql> select empname from employee order by empname desc limit 1;
Output:
+---------+
| empname |
+---------+
| vasuu |
+---------
PROGRAM NO-9
9.VIEWS
AIM:To implement Queries of creating,altering,inserting and deleting the views.

DESCRIPTION:
MySQL Views are the database objects that can be created on a table to improve the
performance of MySQL Server. A view has unique Constraints look on data from one or
more tables. It can organize data in unique order, focus or hide some data.
MySQL Views comprises of a stored query accessible as a fundamental table composed of
the outcome set.
Beside standard tables a perspective does not shaped a part of the physical schema. It is a
virtual table, dynamic in the database.
View is a stored query, and it can be attributed like a table.

MySQL Views object is mainly classified into:

1)create a view
2)inserting into view
3)delete from view
4)Update the view
5)alter a view
6)truncate view
7)drop a view

1)create a view:
Syntax for creat view:
create view view_name as select column 1 , column2,...... from table name where condition;
Example:
mysql> create view deptview as select * from employee where deptno=3;
mysql> select * from deptview;
Output:
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3|
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3|
| 6 | dinesh | NULL | 3|
+-------+---------+--------+--------
Insert rows in a view:

Syntax :
Insert into view_name(column 1,column 2) values value1(name),value2(age);

Example:
mysql>insert into deptview(empid,empname,empsal,deptno) values (7,”sruthi”,89000,3);

Output:

+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3|
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3|
| 6 | dinesh | NULL | 3|
| 7| sruthi | 89000 | 3|
+-------+---------+--------+--------

3)Delete from view:

Syntax : Delete from view_name where condition;
Example:
mysql>delete from deptview where empsal=89000;
mysql>select * from deptview;
Output:
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3|
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3|
| 6 | dinesh | NULL | 3|
+-------+---------+--------+--------

4)update the view:

Syntax:update view_name set columnname= “value”where condition;
Example:
mysql>update deptview set empsal=50000 where empid=6;
mysql>select * from view;
Output:
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 3 | ganesh | 60000 | 3|
| 5 | gnapika | 54565 | 3|
| 6 | dinesh | 50000 | 3|
+-------+---------+--------+--------
5)alter a view:
Syntax:alter view viewname as select * from tablename where condition;
Example:
mysql> alter view deptview as select * from employee where deptno=2;
mysql> select * from deptview;
Output:
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| 2 | sai | 56576 | 2|
| 4 | vasuu | 78000 | 2|
+-------+---------+--------+--------

6)truncate view:
Syntax: truncate view view_name;
Example:
mysql>truncate view deptview;
mysql>select * from deptview;
Output:
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| empid | empname | empsal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+--------+
| - | - | - | -|
| -| - | - | -|
+-------+---------+--------+--------

7)drop a view:
Syntax:drop view view_name;
Example:
mysql> drop view deptview;
mysql> select * from deptview;
Output:
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'deepika.deptview' doesn't exist
PROGRAM NO-10
10.SUB QUERIES

AIM:To implement SQL queries using Sub queries.

DESCRIPTION:
A sub query is a query inside another query. A sub query or inner query is used to generate
the required information used as input for outer query. A sub query has characteristics. ·
A sub query is normally expressed inside parenthesis · The inner query or sub query is
executed first.

Syntax for nested query:

select column_list from table_name where column_name operator (select column_name
from table_name where condition);

1)where sub queries:

The most common type of sub query used on inner select query on the right side of a where
clause comparison expression.

Example:
mysql> select empname,empsal from employee where empsal>(select avg(empsal)from
employee);
Output:
+---------+--------+
| empname | empsal |
+---------+--------+
| sai | 56576 |
| ganesh | 60000 |
| vasuu | 78000 |
| gnapika | 54565 |
+---------+--------
2)In sub queries:
When you want to compare single attributewith the list of value we can use in sub queries
inside.
Example:
mysql> select empname,empsal from employee where empsal in (select max(empsal)from
employee group by deptno);
Output:
+---------+--------+
| empname | empsal |
+---------+--------+
| deepika | 27899 |

| ganesh | 60000 |
| vasuu | 78000 |
| ramesh | 45000 |
+---------+--------
3)Having subqueries:
An sub queries used in the where clause, we can use a sub queries with a havingclause,
Having clause is used to restrict the rows by using the condition in the group by query.
Example:
mysql> select deptno from employee group by deptno having avg(empsal)>(select
avg(empsal) from employee);
Output:
+--------+
| deptno |
+--------+
| 2|
| 3|
+--------

4)From subqueries:
As you already know, in the from clause, this specifies table name from which the
data can be drawn; because the output of the select statement is another table.
Example:
mysql> select empname,empsal from (select *from employee)alias;
Output:
+---------+--------+
| empname | empsal |
+---------+--------+
| deepika | 27899 |
| sai | 56576 |
| ganesh | 60000 |
| vasuu | 78000 |
| gnapika | 54565 |
| dinesh | NULL |
| ramesh | 45000 |
+---------+--------

***************************THE END*******************************
DATABASES
AIM:To create a database of Hotel management system with 7 entities

DESCRIPTION:
Creating a database with related tables in it using SQL commands and joining
all the tables using join operations.

CREATING DATABASE:

sql>create database Hotel;

sql>use Hotel;

CREATION OF TABLES:

sql>create table Login(Loginid integer primary key,roleid integer,username

varchar(30),password varchar(10),foreign key(roleid)references Roles(role_id));

Roles Table:

sql>create table Roles(role_id integer primary key,role_name

create table Roles(role_id integer primary key,role_name
char(20),role_desc varchar(30));
User Table:

sql>create table User(user_id integer primary key,username varchar(20),email

varchar(30),password varchar(10),address varchar(30));

Customer Table:

sql>create table Customer(cus_id integer primary key,cus_name

char(20),cus_pass integer,Hotel_id integer,cus_mobile integer,foreign
key(Hotel_id)references hotel(Hotel_id));

hotel Table:

sql>create table hotel(Hotel_id integer primary key,Hotel_name

char(20),Hotel_type char(20),Hotel_rent varchar(30));

Booking Table:

sql>create table Booking(book_id integer primary key,book_type

char(15),book_desc char(20),Hotel_id integer,foreign key(Hotel_id)
references hotel(Hotel_id));
Payments Table:

sql>create table Payments(pay_id varchar(20) primary key,pay_date

varchar(20),pay_amt integer,pay_mode char(15),cus_id integer,foreign
key(cus_id) references Customer(cus_id));

Inserting Values Into Tables:

sql>insert into Login values(1234,7890,sahara,sahara@14), (1235,7891,javid,javid@13),

(1236,7892,mona,mona@15),( 1237,7893,hima,hima@45),(1238,7894,balu,balu@67);

Loginid roleid username password

1234 7890 sahara sahara@14
1235 7891 javid javid@13
1236 7892 mona mona@15
1237 7893 hima hima@45
1238 7894 balu balu@67

Roles Table:

sql>insert into Roles values(7890,’Manager’,’supervising staff’),

(7891,’Receptionist’,’respond to all guests questions’),
(7892,’AsstManager’,’maintain staff descpline’),(7893,’Housekeeper’,’clean and
tidy up rooms’),(7894,’Kitchenstaff’,’cooking for the guests’);

role_id role_name role_desc

7890 Manager supervising staff
7891 Receptionist respond to all guests
7892 AsstManager maintain staff escipline
7893 Housekeeper clean and tidy up rooms
7894 KItchenstaff cooking for the guests
User Table:

sql>insert into User values(202,’sahara’,’[email protected]’,’sahara@14’,’ongole’),

(203,’javid’,’[email protected]’,’javid@13’,’hyderabad’),
(204,’mona’,’[email protected]’,’mona@15’,’vizag’),
(205,’hima’,’[email protected]’,’hima@45’,’vijaywada’),
(206,’balu’,’[email protected]’,’balu@67’,’kakinada’);

user_id username gmail password address

202 sahara [email protected] sahara@14 ongole
203 javid [email protected] javid@13 hyderabad
204 mona [email protected] mona@45 vizag
205 hima [email protected] hima@45 vijaywada
206 balu [email protected] balu@67 kakinada

Customer Table:

sql>insert into Customer values(956,’karan’,4444,’1234,987654321),

(957,’raj’,8888,1235,987654322),(958,’vardhan’,1111,1236,987654323),
(959,’mahi’,6666,1237,987654324),(960,’janu’,9999,1238,987654325);

cus_id cus_name cus_pass Hotel_id cus_mobile

956 karan 4444 1234 987654321
957 raj 8888 1235 987654322
958 vardhan 1111 1236 987654323
959 mahi 6666 1237 987654324
960 janu 9999 1238 987654325
hotel Table:

sql>insert into hotel values(1234,’Vihara’,’Resort’,100000),

(1235,’Novatel’,’Chainhotel’,50000),(1236,’Vasista’,’Motel’,75000),
(1237,’Prakruthi’,’Boutique’,45000),(1238,’Anand’,’Allsuits’,40000);

Hotel_id Hotel_name Hotel_type Hotel_rent

1234 Vihara Resort 100000
1235 Novatel Chainhotel 50000
1236 Vasista Motel 75000
1237 Prakruthi Boutique 45000
1238 Anand Allsuits 40000

Booking Table:

sql>insert into Booking values(275,’Direct’,’instant booking’,1234),(276,’Indirect’,’online

booking’,1235),(277,’Direct’,’guranteed booking’,1236),(278,’Indirect’,’instant
booking’,1237),(279,’Direct’,’guranteed booking’,1238);

book_id book_type book_desc Hotel_id

275 Direct Instant booking 1234
276 Indirect Online booking 1235
277 Direct Guranteed booking 1236
278 Indirect Instant booking 1237
279 Direct Guranteed booking 1238

Payments Table:

sql>insert into Payments values(‘P111’,’14-02-2023’,45000,’online’,956), (‘P112’,’10-01-

2023’,50000,’BHIM’,957),(‘P113’,’27-01- 2023’,40000,’UPI’,958),(‘P114’,’15-02-
2023’,100000,’Handcash’,959),
(‘P115’,’06-03-2023’,55000,’;Cards’,960);

pay_id pay_date Pay_amt pay_mode cus_id

P111 14-02-2023 45000 online 956
P112 10-01-2023 50000 BHIM 957
P113 27-01-2023 40000 UPI 958
P114 15-02-2023 100000 Handcash 959
P115 06-03-2023 55000 Cards 960
APPLYING JOINS:
sql>select hotel.Hotel_name,Booking.book_type from hotel join Booking on
hotel.Hotel_id=Booking.Hotel_id;

Hotel_name book_type
Vihara Direct
Novatel Indirect
Vasista Direct
Prakruthi Indirect
Anand Direct

RESULT:
Creation of Hotel management database created successfully.
AIM: To Create database of Bank Management System with 10 Related
Tables.

Program:

sql>create database bank;

sql>use bank;

sql>create table bank_det(

bank_name char(20) primary key,
location char(30),
no_of_account_holders int,
turnoverperyear int,
manager char(10),
no_of_branches int
);

sql> create table account(

account_id int(20) primary key,
customername char(20),
created_date varchar(10),
bankname char(10),
account_balance int,
foreign key(bankname) references bank_det(bank_name)
);

sql>create table loan(

loan_id int(20) primary key,
accountid int(20),
granted_date varchar(20),
granted_amount int,
duration_of_loan varchar(20),
monthly_payment int,
interest int,foreign key(accountid) references account(account_id)
);
sql>create table customer_det(
customer_name char(20) primary key,
acc_id int(20),
customerid int,
customer_phno varchar(20),
customer_age int,
cust_add varchar(30),
customerdob varchar(20),
gender char(20),
foreign key(acc_id) references account(account_id)
);

sql>create table manager_det(

manager_name char(20) primary key,
bkname char(20),
email varchar(20),
salary int,
contact varchar(20),
address varchar(20),
foreign key(bkname) references bank_det(bank_name)
);

sql>create table branches(

branch_name char(20)primary key,
banknm char(20),
branchid int,
branch_city char(10),
manager char(10),
no_of_cust int,
no_of_emp int,
turnover int,
foreign key(banknm)references bank_det(bank_name),
foreign key(manager)references manager_det(manager_name)
);
sql>create table transaction(
trans_id varchar(20) primary key,
acc_no int(20),cust_name char(20),
ondate varchar(20),
credit_or_debit char(10),
amount int,balance int,
payment_type char(20),
foreign key(acc_no)references account(account_id),
foreign key(cust_name) references customer_det(customer_name)
);

sql>create table atm(

atm_branch char(20),
atm_no int primary key,
card_holdername char(20),
card_balance int,
date_of_issue varchar(20) ,
location varchar(20),
foreign key(atm_branch) references branches(branch_name)
);

sql>create table bank_emp_det(

emp_id int,
empname char(20) primary key,
emp_pos char(20),bank char(20),
empsal int, emp_phno varchar(20),
emp_add varchar(20),
empage int,gender char(20),
foreign key(bank) references bank_det(bank_name)
);
sql>create table services(
servicename char(20)primary key,
corresp_Emp char(20),no_custo int,bname char(20),
branname char(20),managername char(20),
foreign key(branname) references branches(branch_name));

Inserting Data into Tables:

sql>insert into bank_det values('SBI','HYD',30,100000,'ganesh',10),

('HDFC','BANGLORE',100,200000,'ajay',15),
('ICICI','MUMBAI',150,300000,'vikram',18),
('UNIONBANKOFINDIA','VIZAG',50,50000,'krunal',8),
('APGB','VIJAYWADA',75,250000,'rahul',11),
('PUNJABNATIONAL','PUNJAB',120,3000000,'vishal',35),
('CANARABANK','ONGOLE',100,450000,'githa',10),
('KARURVYSYA','TANGUTUR',50,800000,'sriram’,7),
('AXISBANK','CHENNAI',100,750000,'krishna’,15),
('INDIANBANK','KOLKATTA',200,500000,'pragwan',20);

bank_name location no_of_accou turnoverper manager no_of_branc

nt_holders year hes
SBI HYD 30 100000 ganesh 10
HDFC BANGLORE 100 200000 ajay 15
ICICI MUMBAI 150 300000 vikram 18
UNIONBANK VIZAG 50 500000 krunal 8
OFINDIA
APGB VIJAYWADA 75 250000 rahul 11
PUNJABNATI PUNJAB 120 3000000 vishal 35
ONAL
CANARABA ONGOLE 100 450000 githa 10
NK
KARURVYSY TANGUTUR 50 800000 sriram 7
A
AXISBANK CHENNAI 100 750000 krishna 15
INDIANBAN KOLKATTA 200 500000 pragwan 20
K
sql>insert into account values(321654981,'sai','02-01-2021','SBI',15000),
(321654980,'ravi','30-05-2022','HDFC',3000),
(321654979,'vasu','03-03-2020','KARURVYSYA',2000),
(321654978,'ganesh','05-10-2022','CANARABANK',30000),
(321654982,'srinu','30-12-2022','INDIANBANK',40000),
(321654983,'laxman','15-01-2022','AXISBANK',30000),
(321654984,'Pavan','11-03-2020','APGB',5000),
(321654985,'Arjun','03-12-2022','ICICI',13000),
(321654986,’Bharath’,’20-10-2021’,’HDFC’,15000),
(321654987,’Suresh’,’23-09-2022’,’SBI’,10000);

account_id customername created_date bankname account_balanc

e
321654981 sai 02-01-2021 SBI 15000
321654980 ravi 30-05-2022 HDEC 3000
321654979 vasu 03-03-2020 KARURVYSYA 2000
321654978 ganesh 05-10-2022 CANARABAN 30000
K
321654982 srinu 30-12-2022 INDIANBANK 40000
321654983 laxman 15-01-2022 AXISBANK 30000
321654984 Pavan 11-03-2020 APGB 5000
321654985 Arjun 03-12-2022 ICICI 13000
321654986 Bharath 20-10-2021 HDFC 15000
321654987 Suresh 23-09-2022 SBI 10000
sql>insert into loan values(789456123,321654987,'09-10-
2022',50000,'2years',2000,2),(789456122,321654986,'02-03-
2022',30000,'1year',1500,2),(789456121,321654985,'02-01-
2023',70000,'3years',4000,1),(789456120,321654984,'09-11-
2021',35000,'1year',3500,2), (789456119,321654983,'02-03-
2022',15000,'1year',500,2),(789456118,321654982,'03-01-
2023',20000,'2years',1000,2),(789456117,321654981,'29-10-
2021',50000,'2years',3500,2), (789456116,321654980,'02-06-
2022',80000,'3years',2500,3),(789456115,321654979,'02-06-
2022',70000,'3years',4000,1),(789456114,321654978,'09-10-
2022',50000,'2years',3500,2);

loan_id accountid granted_d granted_a duration_o monthly_p interest

ate mount f_loan ayment
789456123 321654987 09-10-2022 50000 2years 2000 2
789456122 321654986 02-03-2022 30000 1year 1500 2
789456121 321654985 02-01-2023 70000 3years 4000 1
789456120 321654984 09-11-2021 35000 1year 3500 2
789456119 321654983 02-03-2022 15000 1year 500 2
789456118 321654982 03-01-2023 20000 2years 1000 2
789456117 321654981 29-10-2021 50000 2years 3500 2
789456116 321654980 02-06-2022 80000 3years 2500 3
789456115 321654979 02-06-2022 70000 3years 4000 1
789456114 321654978 09-10-2022 50000 2years 3500 2

sql>insert into customer_det values

('ravi',321654980,12345,'9876543210',25,'prakasamdt','23-09-1998','M'),
('vasu',321654979,12346,'9876543211',23,'krishnadt','05-01-2000','M'),
('sai',321654981,12347,'9876543212',19,'nelloredt','17-04-2003','M'),(
('srinu',321654982,12348,'9876543213',24,'kadapadt','09-05-1999','M'),
('laxman',321654983,12349,'9876543214',26,'chittoordt','08-10-1997','M'),
('suresh',321654987,12350,'9876543215',23,'westgodavaridt','07-12- 2000','M'),
('bharath',321654986,12351,'9876543216',28,'eastgodavaridt','11-02- 1995','M'),
('arjun',321654985,12352,'9876543217',20,'vizagdt','29-09-2003','M'),
('Pavan',321654984,12353,'9876543218',22,'srikakulamdt','03-08-2001','M'),
('ganesh',321654978,12354,'9876543219',23,'kurnooldt','08-10-2000','M');
customer_n acc_id customeri customer_phno custome cust_add customerdob gender
ame d r_age
ravi 321654980 12345 9876543210 25 prakasamdt 23-09-1998 M
vasu 321654979 12346 9876543211 23 krishnadt 05-01-2000 M
sai 321654981 12347 9876543212 19 nelloredt 17-04-2003 M
srinu 321654982 12348 9876543213 24 kadapadt 09-05-1999 M
laxman 321654983 12349 9876543214 26 chittordt 08-10-1997 M
suresh 321654987 12350 9876543215 23 westgodavari 07-12-2000 M
dt
bharath 321654986 12351 9876543216 28 eastgodavarid 11-02-1995 M
t
arjun 321654985 12352 9876543217 20 vizagdt 29-09-2003 M
Pavan 321654986 12353 9876543218 22 srikakulamdt 03-08-2001 M
ganesh 321654978 12354 9876543219 23 kurnooldt 08-10-2000 M

sql>insert into manager_det

values('krishna','AXISBANK','[email protected]',125000,'6543219870',
'chennai'),
('githa','CANARABANK','[email protected]',100000,'6543219871','ongole'),
('ajay','HDFC','[email protected]',150000,'6543219872','banglore'),
('pragwan','INDIANBANK','[email protected]',50000,'6543219873','kolkatta'),
('vikram','ICICI','[email protected]',75000,'6543219874','mumbai'),
('rahul','APGB','[email protected]',115000,'6543219875','vijayawada'),
('sriram','KARURVYSYA','[email protected]',125000,'6543219876','tangutur'),
('krunal','UNIONBANKOFINDIA','[email protected]',85000,'6543219877',
'vizag'),
('ganesh','SBI','[email protected]',200000,'6543219878','hyd'),
('vishal','PUNJABNATIONAL','[email protected]',120000,'6543219879','punjab');

manager_n bkname email salary contact address

ame
krishna AXISBANK [email protected] 125000 6543219870 chennai
githa CANARABANK [email protected] 100000 6543219871 ongole
ajay HDFC [email protected] 150000 6543219872 banglore
pragwan INDIANBANK [email protected] 50000 6543219873 kolkatta
vikram ICICI [email protected] 75000 6543219874 mumbai
rahul APGB [email protected] 115000 6543219875 vijayawad
m
a
sriram KARURVYSYA [email protected] 125000 6543219876 tangutur
sql>insert into branches values
('ponnalursbi','SBI',14163,'ponnalur','ganesh',10,5,60000),
('madhapurhdfc','HDFC',14164,'vizag','ajay',20,6,65000),
('kondpicanara','CANARABANK',14165,'ongole','githa',11,4,70000),
('kanigiriaxis','AXISBANK',14166,'kanigiri','krishna',15,7,100000),
('kmpliUBI','UNIONBANKOFINDIA',14167,'kmpli','krunal',12,6,100000),
('chlkluripetaindibk','INDIANBANK',14168,'chilkpeta','pragwan',15,6,35000)
('kmpliapgb','APGB',14169,'kmpli','rahul',14,6,70000),(
'tanguturkvnk','KARURVYSYA',14170,'tangutur','sriram',13,7,45000),
('skonda','ICICI',14171,'skonda','vikram',10,5,60000),
('gandinagarpnb','PUNJABNATIONAL',14172,'gujarath','vishal',16,6,19000);

branch_na banknm branchid branch_ manager no_of_cu no_of_e turnover

me city st mp
ponnalursbi SBI 14163 ponnalu ganesh 10 5 60000
r
madhapurh HDFC 14164 vizag ajay 20 6 65000
dfc
kondpicana CANARABANK 14165 ongole githa 11 4 70000
ra
kanigiriaxis AXISBANK 14166 kanigiri krishna 15 7 1000000
kmpliUBI UNIONBANKO 14167 kmpli krunal 12 6 1000000
FINDIA
chlkluripeta INDIANBANK 14168 chilkpet pragwan 15 6 35000
indibk a
kmpliapgb APGB 14169 kmpli rahul 14 6 70000
tanguturvnk KARURVYSYA 14170 tangutur sriram 13 7 45000
skonda ICICI 14171 skonda vikram 10 5 60000
gandinagar PUNJABNATIO 14172 gujarath vishal 16 6 19000
NAL
pnb
sql>insert into
transaction(trans_id,acc_no,cust_name,ondate,credit_or_debit,
amount,balance,payment_type)values
('TNX54321',321654982,'srinu','07-01-2023','credit',10000,50000,'cash'),(
'TNX54322',321654981,'sai','07-11-2022','debit',12000,3000,'cash'),
('TNX54323',321654980,'ravi','18-09-2022','credit',15000,18000,'cheque'),
('TNX54324',321654978,'ganesh','09-11-2022','credit',8000,38000,'cash'),
('TNX54325',321654983,'laxman','16-07-
2022','debit',10000,20000,'mobilepayment'),('TNX54326',321654986,'Bharath','30-12-
2022','debit',7000,8000,'moneyorder'),
('TNX54327',321654985,'Arjun','09-01-2023','debit',3000,10000,'debitcard'),
('TNX54328',321654979,'vasu','19-05-2022','credit',3000,5000,'cash'),
('TNX54329',321654987,'Suresh','07-10-2022','credit',10000,20000,'cash'),
('TNX54330',321654984,'pavan','27-10-2022','credit',10000,15000,'cash');

trans_id acc_no cust_name ondate credit_or_ amount balance payment_t

debit ype
TNX54321 321654982 srinu 07-01-2023 credit 10000 50000 cash
TNX54322 321654981 sai 07-11-2022 debit 12000 3000 cash
TNX54323 321654980 ravi 18-09-2022 credit 15000 18000 cheque
TNX54324 321654978 ganesh 09-11-2022 credit 8000 38000 cash
TNX54325 321654983 laxman 16-07-2022 debit 10000 20000 mobilepa
yment
TNX54326 321654986 Bharath 30-12-2022 debit 7000 8000 moneyord
er
TNX54327 321654985 Arjun 09-01-2023 debit 3000 10000 debitcard
TNX54328 321654979 vasu 19-05-2022 credit 3000 5000 cash
TNX54329 321654987 Suresh 07-10-2022 credit 10000 20000 cash
TNX54330 321654984 pavan 27-10-2022 credit 10000 15000 cash
sql>insert into atm values
('skonda',7654321,'vasu',5000,'09-04-2021','skonda' ),
('madhapurhdfc',7654322,'ravi',18000,'19-09-2022','vizag'),
('ponnalursbi',7654323,'sai',3000,'09-04-2021','ponnalur'),
('chlkpuripetaindibk',7654324,'srinu',50000,'08-01-2023','chilkpeta'),
('kondpicanara',7654325,'ganesh',38000,'09-11-2022','ongole'),
('kmpliapgb',7654326,'Pavan',15000,'09-04-2021','kmpli'),
('ponnalursbi',7654327,'suresh',20000,'09-10-2022','ponnalur'),
('kanigiriaxis',7654328,'laxman',20000,'29-04-2022','kanigiri'),
('madhapurhdfc',7654329,'Bharath',8000,'09-11-2021','vizag'),
('skonda',7654330,'Arjun',10000,'31-12-2022','skonda');

atm_branch atm_no card_holdername card_balance date_of_issue location

skonda 7654321 vasu 5000 09-04-2021 skonda
madhapurhdfc 7654322 ravi 18000 19-09-2022 vizag
ponnalursbi 7654323 sai 3000 09-04-2021 ponnalur
chlkpuripetain 7654324 srinu 50000 08-01-2023 chilkpeta
dibk
kondpicanara 7654325 ganesh 38000 09-11-2022 ongole
kmpliapgb 7654326 Pavan 15000 09-04-2021 kmpli
ponnalursbi 7654327 suresh 20000 09-10-2022 ponnalur
kanigiriaxis 7654328 laxman 20000 29-04-2022 kanigiri
madhapurhdfc 7654329 Bharath 8000 09-11-2021 vizag

skonda 7654330 Arjun 10000 31-12-2022 skonda

sql>insert into bank_emp_det values

(1,'ganesh','bkmanager','SBI',125000,'7658962173','vizayanagaram',35,'M'),
(2,'Anitha','asstmanager','HDFC',75000,'6300416456','prakasam',26,'F'),
(3,'ramesh','cashier','SBI',50000,'9392573228','pksm',45,'M'),
(4,'sunitha','accountant','ICICI',65000,'7729941686','mopadu',40,'F'),
(5,'sai','empgold','AXISBANK',75000,'8897168680','guntur',25,'M'),
(6,'jayalakshmi','loanemp','CANARABANK',45000,'7658962714','vzgm',42,'F
(7,'ramaswamy','asstmanager','PUNJABNATIONAL',125000,'7658962175',
'vzgm',45,'M'),(8,'vasavi','cashier','HDFC',65000,'7658962176','vzgm',27,'F'),
(9,'Jyothi','goldemp','INDIANBANK',75000,'9177567526','hyd',24,'F'),
(10,'dinesh','loanemp','KARURVYSYA',55000,'9640004739','banglore',25,'M');
emp_id empname emp_pos bank empsal emp_phno emp_add empag gender
e
1 ganesh bkmanag SBI 125000 7658962173 vizayan 35 M
er agaram
2 Anitha asstmana HDFC 75000 6300416456 prakasa 26 F
ger m
3 ramesh cashier SBI 50000 9392573228 pksm 45 M
4 sunitha accoutan ICICI 65000 7729941686 mopadu 40 F
t
5 sai empgold AXISBANK 75000 8897168680 guntur 25 M
6 jayalaks loanemp CANARABA 45000 7658962714 vzgm 42 F
hmi NK
7 ramaswa asstmana PUNJABNATI 125000 7658962175 vzgm 45 M
my ger ONAL
8 vasavi cashier HDFC 65000 7658962176 vzgm 27 F
9 Jyothi goldemp INDIANBAN 75000 9177567526 hyd 24 F
K
10 dinesh loanemp KARURVYSY 55000 9640004739 banglor 25 M
A e
sql>insert into services values
('goldloan’,'Nivas',5,'AXISBANK','kanigiriaxis','krishna'),
('irrigationloan','Kushal',4,'ICICI','skonda','vikram'),
('educationloan’,'Teja',3,'CANARABANK','kondpicanara','githa'),
('mobilebanking','Jaanu',5,'HDFC','madhapurhdfc','ajay'),
('creditdebitcards','vishwa',8,'APGB','kmpliapgb','rahul'),
('accountopening','datha',10,'UNIONBANKOFINIDA','kmpliUBI','krunal'),
('atm','manohar',7,'KARURVYSYA','tanguturkvnk','sriram'),
('savings','sreevidya',9,'PUNJABNATIONAL','gandinagarpnb','vishal'),
('cheque','Sravani',6,'INDIANBANK','chlkpuripetaindibk','pragwan'),
('homeloan','Praveena',8,'SBI','ponnalursbi','ganesh')

servicename corresp_Emp no_custo bname branname managername

goldloan Nivas 5 AXISBANK kanigiriaxis krishna
irrigationloan Kushal 4 ICICI skonda vikram
educationaloa Teja 3 CANARABANK kondpicanar githa
n a
mobilebankin Jaanu 5 HDFC madhapurhd ajay
g fc
creditdebitcar vishwa 8 APGB kmpliapgb rahul
ds
accountopeni datha 10 UNIONBANKOF kmpliUBI krunal
ng INDIA
atm manohar 7 KARURVYSYA tanguturkvn sriram
k
savings sreevidya 9 PUNJABNATION gandhinagar vishal
AL pnb
cheque Sravani 6 INDIANBANK chlkpuripeta pragwan
indibk
homeloan Praveena 8 SBI ponnalursbi ganesh
USING JOIN COMMANDS:
sql>select bank_det.location,account.customername from bank_det left join account on
bank_det.bank_name=account.bankname;

location customername
VIJAYWADA Pavan
CHENNAI laxman
ONGOLE ganesh
BANGLORE ravi
BANGLORE Bharath
MUMBAI Arjum
KOLKATTA srinu
TANGUTUR vasu
PUNJAB NULL
HYD sai
HYD Suresh
VIZAG NULL

RESULT:
Bank Management database is created successfully.
AIM:To create data base for College with 6 Relation Tables.

DESCRIPTION:Creating a database with related tables in it using SQL

commands and joining all the tables using join operations.

CREATING DATABASE:
sql>create database College;
sql>use College;

CREATING TABLES:

COLLEGE TABLE:
sql>create table college(
c_id integer,primary key(c_id),cname char(30),location char(30),
estd_year integer);

BUILDINGS TABLE:
sql>create table buildings(
b_id integer,primary key(b_id),c_id integer,foreign key(c_id) references
college(c_id),floors integer);

ROOMS TABLE:
sql>create table rooms(
roomno integer,b_id integer,primary key(b_id),roomsize varchar(10));

FACULTY TABLE:
sql>create table faculty(
f_id integer,primary key(f_id),fname varchar(30),fmobile bigint,
subject char(30));

LABS TABLE:
sql>create table labs(
labname varchar(30),f_id integer,foreign key(f_id)references
faculty(f_id),branch char(10));

LIBRARY TABLE:
sql>create table library(
rack_no integer primary key,branch char(10),no_of_books integer,
b_id integer,foreign key(b_id) references buildings(b_id));
CLASSROOMS TABLE:
sql>create table classrooms(
room_no varchar(10)primary key,branch varchar(10),section_no varchar(5),
b_id integer,foreign key(b_id)references buildings(b_id));

DISPLAYING TABLES IN DATABASE:

sql>show tables;

Tables_in_College
College
buildings
rooms
faculty
labs
library
classrooms

INSERTING DATA INTO TABLES:

sql>insert into college values

(202,”vikas colleges”,”hyderabad”,2006),
(540,”vedha institutes”,”chennai”,2012),
(917,”Sri institutes”,”kakinada”,2016),
(600,”vignan institutes”,”ongole”,1995),
(105,”Rakesh institutes”,”chennai”,2002),
(205,”kamal institutes”,”kurnool”,2000),

sql>select * from college;

c_id cname location estd_year

202 vikas colleges hyderabad 2006
540 vedha institutes chennai 2012
917 sri institutes kakinada 2016
600 vignan institutes ongole 1995
105 Rakesh institutes chennai 2002
205 kamal institutes kurnool 2000
sql>insert into buildings values
(015,205,5),(023,202,6),(503,540,10),(456,345,8)
(512,540,2),(089,917,5),(098,600,9),(012,405,7);

sql>select * from buildings;

b_id c_id floors

015 205 5
023 202 6
503 540 10
456 345 8
512 540 2
089 917 5
098 600 9
012 405 7

sql>insert into rooms values

( 20,015,”small”),(21,512,”medium”),(22,456,”large”),
( 24,503,”small”),(25,089,”medium”),(26,890,”large”),
( 28,023,”small”),(27,098,”medium”),(23,012,”large”);

sql>select * from rooms;

roomno b_id roomsize

20 015 small
21 512 medium
22 456 large
24 503 small
25 089 medium
26 890 large
28 023 small
27 098 medium
23 012 large
sql>insert into faculty values
( 02,”rajesh”,8976534567,”physics”),
( 03,”akshara”,9876534567,”chemistry”),
( 04,”kamala”,8976534578,”maths”),
( 05,”anuj”,8976598567,”sanskrit”),
( 06,”alekya”,8976534523,”java”),
( 07,”prerna”,8976534590,”c++”),

sql>select * from faculty;

f_id fname fmobile subject

02 rajesh 8976534567 physics
03 akshara 9876534567 chemistry
04 kamala 8976534578 maths
05 anuj 8976598567 sanskrit
06 alekya 8976534523 java
07 prerna 8976534590 c++

sql>insert into labs values

(“chemlab”,03,”chemical”),(“physicslab”,02,”eee”),
(“javalab”,06,”cse”),(“c++lab”,07,”ece”),(“pspclab”,01,”ece”);

sql>select * from labs;

Labname f_id Branch`

Chemlab 03 chemical
physicslab 02 eee
javalab 06 cse
c++lab 07 ece
pspclab 01 ece
sql>insert into library values
(12,”cse”,45,023),(13,”cse”,46,015),(14,”ece”,60,023),
(15,”chem”,43,012),(16,”civil”,34,456),(17,”mech”,23,503),

sql>select * from library;

rackno branch no_of_books b_id

12 cse 45 023
13 cse 46 015
14 ece 60 023
15 chem 43 012
16 civil 34 456
17 mech 23 503

sql>insert into classrooms values

( “w101”,”cse”,”cse4”,015),(“w102”,”cse”,”cse3”,503),
( “w106”,”cse”,”cse2”,456),(“w107”,”cse”,”cse1”,023),
( “w104”,”cse”,”lab1”,012),(“w108”,”cse”,”lab2”,098);

sql>select * from classrooms;

room_no branch sectionno b_id

w101 cse cse4 015
w102 cse cse3 503
w106 cse cse2 456
w107 cse cse1 023
w104 cse lab1 012
w108 cse lab2 098
USING JOIN COMMANDS:

SQL> select faculty.fname as Facultyname,labs.labname Lab from faculty inner join lab
on faculty.f_id=labs.f_id;

Facultyname Lab
02 physicslab
03 Chemlab
06 javalab
07 c++lab

RESULT: College management database created successfully.

AIM:To create a database for Hospital with 5 related tables.

DESCRIPTION:Creating a database with related tables in it

using SQL commands and joining all the tables
using join operations.

CREATING DATABASE:

sql>create database Hospital;

sql>use Hospital;

CREATING TABLES:

HOSPITAL TABLE:
sql>create table Hospital(
Hospital_ID int primary key,Hospital_name char(30),City
char(20));

DOCTOR TABLE:
sql>create table Doctor(
Doctor_ID int ,D_name char(30),Hospital_ID int,
Qualification char(20),Salary int,
foreign key(Hospital_ID) references
Hospital(Hospital_ID));

PATIENT TABLE:
sql>create table Patient(
Patient_ID int primary key,Patient_name char(20),Age int,
Hospital_ID int,foreign key(Hospital_ID) references
Hospital(Hospital_ID));

PHARMACY TABLE:
sql>create table Pharmacy(
P_ID int primary key,P_name char(30),Hospital_ID int,foreign
key(Hospital_ID) references Hospital(Hospital_ID));
REPORTS TABLE:
sql>create table Reports(
Report_ID int primary key,Problem char(20),
Date_of_admission varchar(10),Patient_ID int,foreign
key(Patient_ID) references Patient(Patient_ID));

DISPLAYING TABLES IN DATABASE:

sql>show tables;

Tables_in_Hospital
Doctor
Hospital
Patient
Pharmacy
Reports

INSERTING DATA INTO TABLES:

sql>insert into Hospital values(214,’Sangamitra’,’Ongole’),

(220,’SKY Dental’,’Vijayawada’),(221,’KIMS’,’Hyderabad’),
(224,’Apollo’,’Guntur’),(225,’Nayana’,’Kakinada’),(227,’Gandhi
Hospital’,’Hyderabad’),(228,’Medicover’,’Vizag’),(229,’Homeocare
International’,’Kakinada’),(230,’Srinidhi Nursing
Home’,’Amalapuram’),(231,’Aayush Hospital’,’Vijayawada’);

sql>select * from Hospital;

Hospital_ID Hospital_name City

214 Sangamitra Ongole
220 SKY Dental Vijayawada
221 KIMS Hyderabad
224 Apollo Guntur
225 Nayana Kakinada
227 Gandhi Hospital Hyderabad
228 Medicover Vizag
229 Homeocare Kakinada
International
230 Srinidhi Nursing Home Amalapuram
231 Aayush Hospital Vijayawada
sql>insert into Doctor values(101,’Akshaya’,214,’MBBS’,70000),
(102,’Navya’,220,’BDS’,80000),(103,’Priya’,221,’Gynaecology’,90000),
(104,’Charan’,224,’MBBS’,70000),(105,’Rajesh’,225,’BOPTM’,95000),
(106,’Anuhya’,227,’Orthopedic surgeon’,90000),
(107,’Sandeep’,’Cardiology’100000),(108,’Mohammad
Ali’,’BHMS’,90000),(109,’Meera’,’ENT’,80000),(110,’Harish
Kumar’,’Endocrinology’,95000);

sql>select * from Doctor;

Doctor_ID Doctor_name Hospital_I Qualification Salary

D
101 Akshaya 214 MBBS 70000
102 Navya 220 BDS 80000
103 Priya 221 Gynaecology 90000
104 Charan 224 MBBS 70000
105 Rajesh 225 BOPTM 95000
106 Anuhya 227 Orthopedic surgeon 90000
107 Sandeep 228 Cardiology 100000
108 Mohammad Ali 229 BHMS 90000
109 Meera 230 ENT 80000
110 Harish Kumar 231 Endocrinology 95000

sql>insert into Patient values(11,’Siri’,24,214),(12,’Balu’,22,220),

(13,’Mahitha’,21,221),(14,’Ramya’,23,224),(15,’Rajeswari’,54,225),
(16,’Raghava’,36,227),(17,’Ananthalakshmi’,54,228),(18,’Satya’,40,229),
(19,’Venkatarao’,49,230),(20,’Subramanyam’,50,231);
sql>select * from Patient;

Patient_ID Patient_name Age Hospital_ID

11 Siri 24 214
12 Balu 22 220
13 Mahitha 21 221
14 Ramya 23 224
15 Rajeswari 54 225
16 Raghava 36 227
17 Ananthalakshmi 54 228
18 Satya 40 229
19 Venkatarao 49 230
20 Subramanyam 50 231

sql>insert into Pharmacy values(10,’Medicox’,214),(20,’Dentalcare’,220),

(30,’Pharma’,221),(40,’Apollo’,224),(50,’Medicore’,225),(60,’Gandhi
medicals’,227),(70,’Medicals’,228),(80,’Homeocare Pharmacy’,229),
(89,’Srinidhi medicals’,230),(90,’Aayush Pharma’,231);

sql>select * from Pharmacy;

P_ID P_name Hospital_I

D
10 Medicox 214
20 Dentalcare 220
30 Pharma 221
40 Apollo 224
50 Medicore 225
60 Gandhi medicals 227
70 Medicals 228
80 Homeocare 229
Pharmacy
89 Srinidhi medicals 230
90 Aayush Pharma 231
sql>insert into Reports values(91,’Fever’,’21dec’,11),
(92,’Rootcanal’,’13jan’,12),(93,’PCOD’,’22jan’,13),
(94,’Foodpoison’,’2feb’,14),(95,’Eyeinfection’,’5feb’,15),(96,’Bone
fracture’,’6feb’,16),(97,’Heartpain’,’21feb’,17),
(98,’Diabetes’,’22feb’,18),(99,’Hearing problem’,’4jan’,19),
(100,’Diabetes’,’30jan’,20);

sql>select * from Reports;

Report_I Problem Date_of_admissi Patient_I

D on D
91 Fever 21dec 11
92 Rootcanal 13jan 12
93 PCOD 22jan 13
94 Foodpoison 2feb 14
95 Eyeinfection 5feb 15
96 Bone fracture 6feb 16
97 Heartpain 21feb 17
98 Diabetes 22feb 18
99 Hearing 4jan 19
problem
100 Diabetes 30jan 20
DISPLAYING TABLE AFTER USING JOINS:

sql>select
Hospital.Hospital_name,Doctor.Hospital_ID,Doctor.Qualification,
Patient.Patient_name,Pharmacy.P_name,Reports.Problem from Hospital left join Doctor on
Hospital.Hospital_ID=Doctor.Hospital_ID left join Patient on
Patient.Hospital_ID=Hospital.Hospital_ID left join Pharmacy on
Pharmacy.Hospital_ID=Patient.Hospital_ID left join Reports on
Reports.Hospital_ID=Hospital.Hospital_ID;

Hospital_na Hospital_ Qualification Patient_nam P_name Problem

me ID e
Sangamitra 214 MBBS Siri Medicox Fever
SKY Dental 220 BDS Balu Dentalcare Rootcanal
KIMS 221 Gynaecology Mahitha Pharma PCOD
Apollo 224 MBBS Ramya Apollo Foodpoison
Nayana 225 BOPTM Rajeswari Medicore Eyeinfection
Gandhi 227 Orthopedic Raghava Gandhi medicals Bone
Hospital sugeon fracture
Medicover 228 Cardiology Ananthalaksh Medicals Heartpain
mi
Homeocare 229 BHMS Satya Homeocare Diabetes
International Pharmacy
Srinidhi 230 ENT Venkatarao Srinidhi medicals Hearing
Nursing problem
Home
Aayush 231 Endocrinology Subramanya Aayush Pharma Diabetes
Hospital m

Result:Thus Hospital database is created.

AIM:To create data base for Sports manage management with 7 Relation Tables.

DESCRIPTION:Creating a database with related tables in it using SQL commands and

joining all the tables using join operations.

CREATING DATABASE:
sql>create database Sports_management;
sql>use Sports_management;

CREATING TABLES:

PLAYER TABLE:
sql>create table player(
player_id int,p_name char(20),age integer,team_id int,primary
key(player_id),foreign key(team_id)references team(team_id);

MATCHES TABLE:
sql>create table matches(
match_id int,time varchar(10),date varchar(20),winner char(20),
primary key(match_id));

TEAM TABLE:
sql>create table team(
team_id int,t_name varchar(20),match_id integer,
foreign key(match_id)references matches(match_id),
primary key(team_id));

COMPETITION TABLE:
sql>creae table compitition(
team_id inr,sports_name char(20),type char(10));

SPORTS_CLUB TABLE:
sql>create table sports_club(
clubname varchar(10),location char(20),contact_no int);

STADIUM TABLE:
sql>create table stadium(
capacity varchar(10),city char(20),name char(20));

COACH TABLE:
sql> create table coach(
cid integer,name char(20),email varchar(20),nationality
char(10),player_id integer));
DISPLAYING TABLES IN DATABASE:

sql>show tables;

Tables_in_Hospital
Player
matches
team
compitition
sports_club
stadium

INSERTING DATA INTO TABLES:

sql>insert into player values

( 1000,”shiva”,19,789),(1001,”tharun”,20,100),
(1002,”ram”19,310),(1003,”nandhu”,20,189),
(1004,”geetha”,19,810),(1005”chandu,20,789);

sql>select * from player;

player_id p_name age team_id

1000 shiva 19 789
1001 tharun 20 100
1002 ram 19 310
1003 nandu 20 189
1004 geetha 19 810
1005 chandu 20 789

sql>insert into matches values

(101,”5:00pm”,”2021-11-11”,”ravi”),
(102,”5.00pm”,”2021-12-11”,”tharun”),
(311,”1.00am”,”2021-07-13”,”shiva”),
(342”11.00am”,”2022-07-13”,”ram”),
(567,”10.00am”,”2022-05-13”,”shiva”),
sql>select * from matches;

match_id time date winner

101 5:00pm 2021-11-11 ravi
102 5.00pm 2021-12-11 tharun
311 1.00am 2021-07-13 shiva
342 11.00am 2022-07-13 ram
567 10.00am 2022-05-13 shiva

sql>insert into team values

(100,”tiger”,311),(189,”champions”,101),(234,”lions”,567),
(310,”7stars”,789),(789,”stars”,567),(810,”hard workers”,102),
(647,”champions”,789);

team_id t_name match_id

100 Tigers 311
189 champions 101
234 lions 567
310 7stars 789
789 stars 567
810 hardworkers 102
647 champions 789

sql>insert into competition values

(“throwball”,”singles”,100),(“shuttle”,”doubles”,789),
(“running”,”distance”,310),(“hocky”,”outdoor”,810),
(“chess”,”indoor”,189),(“skipping”,”jumping”,810);
sport_name type team_id
throwball singles 100
shuttle doubles 789
running distance 310
hocky outdoor 810
chess indoor 189
skipping jumping 810
sql>insert into sports_club
(“club1”,”west_block”,9780107290),
(“club2”,”south_block”,8701234589),
(“club3”,”near first floor”,8700123456),
(“club4”,”near library”,6300175767),

clubname location contact_no

club1 west_block 9780107290
club2 south_block 8701234589
club3 near first floor 8700123456
club4 near library 6300175767

sql>insert into stadium values

(“30 mem”,”vizag”,”Wembley stadium”),
(“50 mem”,”Delhi”,”Narendramodi stadium”),
(“15 mem”,”Russian”,”Rose Bowl”),
(“20 mem”,”japan”,”Estadio Azteca”);

capacity city name

30 mem vizag Wembley stadium
50 mem Delhi Narendramodi stadium
15 mem Russian Rose Bowl
20 mem japan Estadio Azteca

sql>insert into coach values

(121,”ajay”,”[email protected]”,”india”,1004),
(135,”shiva”,”[email protected]”,”india”,1002),
(990,”ramesh”,”[email protected]”,”england”,1000),
(700,”ram”,”[email protected]”,”england”,1001),
(789,”ravi”,”[email protected]”,”russian”,1005);

cid name email nationality Player_id

121 ajay [email protected] india 1004
135 shiva [email protected] india 1002
990 ramesh [email protected] england 1000
700 ram [email protected] england 1001
789 ravi [email protected] russian 1005
DISPLAYING TABLE AFTER USING JOINS:

sql>select date,time,t_name from matches leftjoin team on

matches.match_id=team.match_id;

date time t_name

2021-11-11 5:00pm champions
2021-11-11 5:00pm hardworkers
2021-07-13 1:00pm tigers
2022-07-13 11:00pm Null
2022-05-13 10:00pm lions
2121-12-23 4:00pm 7stars
2022-05-13 10:00pm stars

RESULT:
The sports management database is successfully created.
PL/SQL
PL/SQL

NOTE: For some of the programs which are based on tables, you may need to create related tables before
execution of the respective programs.

Introduction(Basic Program):

SQL>Write a program to display welcome message.

BEGIN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('HAI');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('WELCOME');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('PL/SQL PROGRAMS'); END;

OUTPUT:
HAI WELCOME
PL/SQL PROGRAMS

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed

1) PL/SQL Code using Basic Variable, Anchored Declarations, and Usage of

Assignment Operation

a) Write a program to find sum of two integer numbers.

SQL>
DECLARE A
NUMBER; B
NUMBER; C
NUMBER; BEGIN
A:=100; B:=200;
C:=A+B;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('THE SUM OF TWO INTEGERS IS: '||C); END;

OUTPUT:

THE SUM OF TWO INTEGERS IS: 300

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

b) Write a program to accept empno,ename,sal & calculate bonus on the following condition
20% on ann_sal.

SQL>
DECLARE EMPNO NUMBER;
ENAME VARCHAR2(20); SAL
NUMBER(7,2); ANU_SAL
NUMBER(10,2); BONUS NUMBER(10,2);
BEGIN
EMPNO:=1234; ENAME:='Ravi';
SAL:=18000; ANU_SAL:=SAL*12;
BONUS:=ANU_SAL*20/100;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('EMPNO: '||EMPNO);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('ENAME: '||ENAME);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('SAL: '||SAL);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('BONUS: '||BONUS); END;

OUTPUT:
EMPNO: 1234
ENAME: ravi SAL:
18000
BONUS: 43200
Statement processed.

c) Write a program to accept product no,pname,quantity,price & calculate

total,discount(20% on total),net bill.

SQL>
DECLARE PRODNO NUMBER;
PNAME VARCHAR2(20); QUAN
NUMBER(3); PRICE NUMBER(7,2);
TOTAL NUMBER(7,2); DISCOUNT
NUMBER(7,2); NET NUMBER(7,2);
BEGIN
PRODNO:=1234;
PNAME:='Chocolates'; QUAN:=10;
PRICE:=100; TOTAL:=QUAN*PRICE;
DISCOUNT:=TOTAL*20/100;
NET:=TOTAL-DISCOUNT; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('PRODNO: '||
PRODNO); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('PNAME: '||PNAME);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('QUANTITY: '||QUAN);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('PRICE: '||PRICE);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('TOTAL: '||TOTAL);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('DISCOUNT: '||DISCOUNT);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('NET BALANCE: '||NET); END;

OUTPUT:
PRODNO: 1234

PNAME: Chocolates QUANTITY: 10

PRICE: 100
TOTAL: 1000
DISCOUNT: 200
NET BALANCE: 800

2. Write a PL/SQL block using SQL and Control Structures in PL/SQL

a)Write a program to accept empno,sal,calculate bonus based on the following conditions

Salary Bonus
>=10000 20% on ann_sal
>=5000&<10000 15% on ann_sal
>=3000&<5000 12% on ann_sal
>=1500&<3000 10% on ann_sal
>1500 8% on ann_sal

SQL>

DECLARE EMPNO NUMBER;

SAL NUMBER(7,2); ANU_SAL
NUMBER(7,2); BONUS NUMBER(7,2);
BEGIN
EMPNO:=1234; SAL:=8000;
ANU_SAL:=SAL*12; IF SAL>=10000
THEN
BONUS:=ANU_SAL*20/100;
ELSIF SAL>=5000 AND SAL<10000 THEN BONUS:=ANU_SAL*15/100;
ELSIF SAL>=3000 AND SAL<5000 THEN BONUS:=ANU_SAL*12/100;
ELSIF SAL>=1500 AND SAL<3000 THEN BONUS:=ANU_SAL*10/100;
ELSE BONUS:=ANU_SAL*8/100; END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('EMPNO: '||EMPNO);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('SAL: '||SAL);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('ANU_SAL: '||ANU_SAL);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('BONUS: '||BONUS); END;

OUTPUT:
EMPNO: 1234
SAL: 8000
ANU_SAL: 96000
BONUS: 14400
Statement processed.

b)Write a Program to print numbers from 10-1.

SQL>
DECLARE I NUMBER;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('THE NUMBERS ARE'); FOR I IN
REVERSE 1..10 LOOP DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(I);
END LOOP; END;

OUTPUT:
THE NUMBERS ARE 10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

c)Write a Program to accept a date & print next 7 days along with day.
SQL>
DECLARE DA DATE; I
NUMBER; BEGIN
DA:='10-04-2010'; FOR I IN 1..7
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('THE DATE IS:'||DA); DA:=DA+1;
END LOOP; END;

OUTPUT:

THE DATE IS:10/04/2010 THE DATE

IS:10/05/2010
THE DATE IS:10/06/2010 THE DATE
IS:10/07/2010 THE DATE
IS:10/08/2010 THE DATE
IS:10/09/2010 THE DATE
IS:10/10/2010
Statement processed

d)Write a Program to display dept details

Note: Create a table with name DEPT and columns DEPTNO,DNAME,LOC with data inserted into
it before running the below program and write ouptut according to the data inserted.

SQL> CREATE TABLE DEPT(

deptno varchar(20), dname
varchar(20), loc varchar(20)
);

SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT values(101,”Kakinada”,”Development”); INSERT

INTO DEPT values(102,’Ongole’,’Designing’); INSERT INTO DEPT
values(103,’Guntur’,’sales’);
);
SQL>

DECLARE
CURSOR EC IS SELECT * FROM DEPT; BEGIN
FOR V_EC IN EC LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('DEPTNO='||V_EC.DEPTNO); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('DNAME='||
V_EC.DNAME); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('LOC='||V_EC.LOC);
END LOOP; END;

Output:

DEPTNO=101
DNAME=Ongole
LOC=Designing
DEPTNO=103
DNAME=Guntur LOC=Sales
DEPTNO=102
DNAME=Kakinada
LOC=Development

3. Write a PL/SQL Code using Cursors, Exceptions and Composite Data Types

a)Write a Program to calc bonus for all emps insert into bonus table

SQL>CREATE TABLE EMP(EMPNO NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY,ESAL NUMBER(5)); SQL> INSERT

INTO EMP(EMPNO,ESAL) VALUES(7698,2850)

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP(EMPNO,ESAL) VALUES(7839,5000)
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP(EMPNO,ESAL) VALUES(7499,1760)
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP(EMPNO,ESAL) VALUES(7782,2450)
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP(EMPNO,ESAL) VALUES(7566,2975)
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP(EMPNO,ESAL) VALUES(7654,1375)
SQL> CREATE TABLE BONUS1(EMPNO NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY,BONUS_AMT
NUMBER(10,3),ADD_AMT NUMBER(10,3),ISS_DATE DATE);

SQL>
DECLARE
CURSOR EC IS SELECT EMPNO,ESAL FROM EMP; V_EC EC
%ROWTYPE;
ANN_SAL NUMBER(10,2); B
BONUS1%ROWTYPE; BEGIN
OPEN EC; LOOP
FETCH EC INTO V_EC;
EXIT WHEN EC%NOTFOUND; ANN_SAL
:=V_EC.ESAL*12; B.BONUS_AMT := ANN_SAL*0.2;
INSERT INTO BONUS1(EMPNO,BONUS_AMT,ADD_AMT,ISS_DATE)
VALUES(V_EC.EMPNO,B.BONUS_AMT,1000,SYSDATE);
END LOOP; CLOSE EC;
END;

SQL> SELECT *FROM BONUS1;

OUTPUT:

EMPNO BONUS_AMT
7698 6840
ADD_AMT ISS_DATE 1000 02/07/2023
7654 3300 1000 02/07/2023
7499 4224 1000 02/07/2023
7782 5880 1000 02/07/2023
7839 12000 1000 02/07/2023
7566 7140 1000 02/07/2023
4. Write a PL/SQL Code using Procedures, Functions, and Packages FORMS

a)Write a program with Procedure to print Min of two numbers in PL/SQL

NOTE: Run both sql1,sql2 commands in each section one after another,not at a time.

SQL1>
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE min(x IN number, y IN number, z OUT number)
IS BEGIN
IF x<y THEN
z:=x; ELSE
z:=y; END IF;
END;

SQL2>
DECLARE
a number;
b number;
c number;
BEGIN
a:=125;
b:=40;
min(a,b,c);
dbms_output.put_line(c);
END;

OUTPUT:40
Statement processed.
b)Write a program with Procedure to print Square of a number in PL/SQL.

SQL1>

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE square(x IN OUT number)

IS
BEGIN
x:=x*x;
END;

SQL2>

DECLARE
a number;
BEGIN a:=10;
square(a);
dbms_output.put_line(‘Square of 10 is: ’||a);
END;

OUTPUT:
Square of 10 is: 100 Statement processed.

DBMS Lab File
No ratings yet
DBMS Lab File
43 pages
Databasemanagementsystem-190120173107 Ddsfs
No ratings yet
Databasemanagementsystem-190120173107 Ddsfs
50 pages
LMS-DBMS Lab Manual
100% (1)
LMS-DBMS Lab Manual
21 pages
Schema Diagram
No ratings yet
Schema Diagram
37 pages
5.DDBMS Lab Manual 2020
No ratings yet
5.DDBMS Lab Manual 2020
49 pages
DBMS Lab Manual 2020 - 21 Student Copy Updated
100% (1)
DBMS Lab Manual 2020 - 21 Student Copy Updated
59 pages
Dbms Labmanual-2018
No ratings yet
Dbms Labmanual-2018
107 pages
DBMS Query
No ratings yet
DBMS Query
33 pages
Review of DB Concepts
No ratings yet
Review of DB Concepts
27 pages
1 Introduction Database Definition
No ratings yet
1 Introduction Database Definition
19 pages
MYSQL Notes 1
No ratings yet
MYSQL Notes 1
86 pages
DBMS Lab Manual
No ratings yet
DBMS Lab Manual
56 pages
087 Khushboo
No ratings yet
087 Khushboo
40 pages
DBMS(R23) LAB MANUAL -FINAL COPY (1)
No ratings yet
DBMS(R23) LAB MANUAL -FINAL COPY (1)
55 pages
DBMS File
No ratings yet
DBMS File
44 pages
DBMS File
No ratings yet
DBMS File
61 pages
Course Description:: M21DE0108 Rdbms Lab L T P C Duration:14 Wks 0 0 2 2
No ratings yet
Course Description:: M21DE0108 Rdbms Lab L T P C Duration:14 Wks 0 0 2 2
8 pages
Database Management System: Dr. Anand Bihari SJT Annex-203N Anand - Bihari@vit - Ac.in
No ratings yet
Database Management System: Dr. Anand Bihari SJT Annex-203N Anand - Bihari@vit - Ac.in
36 pages
Unit 3 updated2
No ratings yet
Unit 3 updated2
92 pages
Review RDBMS
No ratings yet
Review RDBMS
30 pages
DBMS Lab Manuals
No ratings yet
DBMS Lab Manuals
21 pages
Project Report: Dbms Project On Hospital Management System
No ratings yet
Project Report: Dbms Project On Hospital Management System
34 pages
DBMS Lab1
No ratings yet
DBMS Lab1
72 pages
Merged Dbms
No ratings yet
Merged Dbms
140 pages
SQL Material
No ratings yet
SQL Material
84 pages
DBMS manual
No ratings yet
DBMS manual
97 pages
DBMsnew
No ratings yet
DBMsnew
70 pages
Dbms Lab (1,6)
No ratings yet
Dbms Lab (1,6)
31 pages
Dbms Practical File Sem 1
No ratings yet
Dbms Practical File Sem 1
12 pages
Dbms Lab Manual II Cse II Sem
No ratings yet
Dbms Lab Manual II Cse II Sem
58 pages
Mangala Deshpande MySQL0710
100% (1)
Mangala Deshpande MySQL0710
136 pages
Oracle
No ratings yet
Oracle
116 pages
Databases
No ratings yet
Databases
8 pages
Database Design
No ratings yet
Database Design
23 pages
CS8481 - Database Management Systems Laboratory: Student Lab Manual
No ratings yet
CS8481 - Database Management Systems Laboratory: Student Lab Manual
60 pages
DBMS LAB MANUAL(STUDENT)
No ratings yet
DBMS LAB MANUAL(STUDENT)
39 pages
Week 1 Tutorial
No ratings yet
Week 1 Tutorial
7 pages
CA-01 DBMS LAB Reference Manual
No ratings yet
CA-01 DBMS LAB Reference Manual
33 pages
Chapter 3 Part2
No ratings yet
Chapter 3 Part2
42 pages
Final DBMS
No ratings yet
Final DBMS
22 pages
Ism Lab File-Compressed
No ratings yet
Ism Lab File-Compressed
59 pages
DBMS LAB Reference Manual
No ratings yet
DBMS LAB Reference Manual
105 pages
DMS C Final
No ratings yet
DMS C Final
22 pages
SQL1
0% (2)
SQL1
20 pages
Session 2 - SQL Coding & Database Management Technique
No ratings yet
Session 2 - SQL Coding & Database Management Technique
58 pages
Database Design and Management Laboratory Manual
No ratings yet
Database Design and Management Laboratory Manual
46 pages
DBMS Day1 1
No ratings yet
DBMS Day1 1
174 pages
144 BCA Honors MAJOR Dbms Syllabus
No ratings yet
144 BCA Honors MAJOR Dbms Syllabus
6 pages
Lecture Notes 2.1
No ratings yet
Lecture Notes 2.1
19 pages
Lecture3 PHP MySQL
No ratings yet
Lecture3 PHP MySQL
119 pages
Practical File SQL Queries DBMS
0% (1)
Practical File SQL Queries DBMS
30 pages
Chapter 01 Introduction
No ratings yet
Chapter 01 Introduction
33 pages
CS333 Application Software Development Lab
No ratings yet
CS333 Application Software Development Lab
6 pages
Database Fundamentals Lab3
No ratings yet
Database Fundamentals Lab3
70 pages
Structured Query Language: Chandra S. Amaravadi
No ratings yet
Structured Query Language: Chandra S. Amaravadi
49 pages
Asd Lab Manual - Lab1
0% (1)
Asd Lab Manual - Lab1
9 pages
DBMS Lab Manual Te
No ratings yet
DBMS Lab Manual Te
112 pages
Create Drop
No ratings yet
Create Drop
15 pages
Experiments 1 15
No ratings yet
Experiments 1 15
105 pages
ALABS - MS SQL Server (Module 1)
No ratings yet
ALABS - MS SQL Server (Module 1)
51 pages
PyQt6 101: A Beginner’s guide to PyQt6
From Everand
PyQt6 101: A Beginner’s guide to PyQt6
Edward Chang
No ratings yet
LM 3 - Database System Architecture
No ratings yet
LM 3 - Database System Architecture
20 pages
Lecture 29 - SQL Commands
No ratings yet
Lecture 29 - SQL Commands
5 pages
Dbms Pros and Cons
No ratings yet
Dbms Pros and Cons
11 pages
SQL Notes Grade 10 - 100428
No ratings yet
SQL Notes Grade 10 - 100428
6 pages
Unit-Vi Hive Hadoop & Big Data
100% (1)
Unit-Vi Hive Hadoop & Big Data
24 pages
dbmssemauto
No ratings yet
dbmssemauto
54 pages
Calculus Cheat Sheet All
0% (1)
Calculus Cheat Sheet All
17 pages
SybaseIQ15 Best Practices Wp20110718
100% (1)
SybaseIQ15 Best Practices Wp20110718
66 pages
Object Database Management System
No ratings yet
Object Database Management System
27 pages
Ncert Notes Class 12 Ip CH 1 Querying 2024 - 25
100% (2)
Ncert Notes Class 12 Ip CH 1 Querying 2024 - 25
2 pages
Dbms Mini Project
0% (3)
Dbms Mini Project
18 pages
ORACLE NOTES - For - FULL STACK
No ratings yet
ORACLE NOTES - For - FULL STACK
113 pages
SQL Is Used Often To Query, Insert, Update, and Modify Data. at A Basic Level SQL Is A Method For Communicating Between You and The Database
No ratings yet
SQL Is Used Often To Query, Insert, Update, and Modify Data. at A Basic Level SQL Is A Method For Communicating Between You and The Database
8 pages
Lab 2
No ratings yet
Lab 2
4 pages
Db2 Cheat Sheet For Development
No ratings yet
Db2 Cheat Sheet For Development
2 pages
Ug Bca 101 34 Rdbms Lab
No ratings yet
Ug Bca 101 34 Rdbms Lab
91 pages
Microsoft PowerPoint - MS SQL Server
No ratings yet
Microsoft PowerPoint - MS SQL Server
26 pages
Manish SQL Notes
100% (1)
Manish SQL Notes
82 pages
DBMS Short note(JUMAIL)
No ratings yet
DBMS Short note(JUMAIL)
4 pages
SQLite Chapter 1
No ratings yet
SQLite Chapter 1
4 pages
Ism Practiacl File 5thsem
No ratings yet
Ism Practiacl File 5thsem
26 pages
Table Creation and DML Commands
No ratings yet
Table Creation and DML Commands
26 pages
IV Sem Dbms Notes
No ratings yet
IV Sem Dbms Notes
203 pages
OBIEE Dimension Hierarchy
No ratings yet
OBIEE Dimension Hierarchy
11 pages
DBMS - QB - Sem Iii V - Ec
No ratings yet
DBMS - QB - Sem Iii V - Ec
7 pages
BTECH CSE 5th 6th Sem 2020 21
No ratings yet
BTECH CSE 5th 6th Sem 2020 21
29 pages
DDL DML DCL TCL and DQL _ index
No ratings yet
DDL DML DCL TCL and DQL _ index
7 pages
Three Tier DBMS Architecture
No ratings yet
Three Tier DBMS Architecture
8 pages
LAB MANUAL.docx
No ratings yet
LAB MANUAL.docx
8 pages