Concept 2 About Fuels

Activity 1: Where does the fuel we use every day come from?

(Gas station – gasoline – fuel)

» Cars and trucks need …………... as a source of energy to move.
» This energy comes from…………………
» When the car is run out of……………………, we should go to gas station.

Fuels: Are materials such as oil, coal, gas, gasoline,

natural gas that use to produce heat or power cars.

❶ Gas from the gas ❷ Petroleum oil is found ❸ Oil is an example of

station comes from deep underground to fuels that use to heat
petroleum oil. extract, we dig oil out of our houses and to
the ground.
supply gas for our cars.

Activity 2: Can cars move without fuel?

If there is no fuel, there is no movement.

❶ Cars need fuel as a source of energy to move.

❷ The fuel is burned inside car’s engine producing energy.

Chemical energy Thermal energy Kinetic energy

 03 Fuels We Use
Fuel is a source of energy that has many forms and uses.

Wood Coal Gasoline Natural gas

● Warming houses ● Cooking food ● Running on ● Used for

TINYWOW
● operation trains vehicles cooking food

Fuel is a substance that releases thermal energy when burned.

TINYWOW

Mr. Karim Saif Aldeen 01121533305

 Fuels are classified into two types
Biofuel Fossil fuel
It is a type of fuel made from
It is a type of fuel made from
Definition decomposition of the remains
plants (Living things) that can
be cultivated/grown. of plants and animals that lived
on The Earth.
❶ Wood ❶ Oil & Natural gas
»Wood is the most ancient They are formed from the remains
fuel and is still widely used of tiny sea animals.
throughout the world.
» Charcoal: It is an important
biofuel that made or produced
from wood burning.
❷ Switch grass

Examples

❸ Corn (Maize) ❷Coal: is formed from the

remains of plants.

We use fossil fuels daily for

1. It is a renewable source of
1.lightening houses
energy.
Advantages 2. Warming houses.
2. Low-cost
3. Cooking.
4. operating cars
❶ It is a non-renewable source of
❶ To get it requires cutting
energy
down trees. Disadvantages
❷It causes air pollution
❷ removal of forests
❸Global warming
Renewable source of energy Renewable
Non-renewable source of energy
or
Non-renewable
 Examples of biofuels
Ethanol
Charcoal

Ethanol is extracted
Charcoal is extracted from sugar cane, corn
from wood burning. (maize), grass and
wood chips .

❶ Renewable sources of ❷ Non-renewable sources of

energy energy

Definition
❶ They are natural materials that They are the natural materials that are used
can be replaced soon after it is used. at a rate faster than they can be replaced.

Examples
(A) Biofuels such as Fossil fuels such as
1. Wood 2. Maize/Corn 3. Weeds 1. Coal 2. Natural gas
4. Charcoal 5. Ethanol 3. Gasoline 4. Petroleum oil
------------------------------------------------------
(B) Renewable sources
1. Wind energy 2. Solar energy
3. Hydroelectricity 4. Wind energy

Mr. Karim Saif Aldeeen

 Do biofuels destroy forests?

Renewable fuels require careful management

natural gas that use to produce heat or power cars.

For example, Many trees
using wood as a grow a few
fuel requires centimeters
cutting down each year.
trees.

some trees may This means that it would take many

grow to their lifetimes for these trees to reach maturity.
full height in
one person's
Cutting down trees at a faster rate than
lifetime.
they can grow leads to deforestation

Deforestation has a variety of negative impacts on our environment.

Mr. Karim Saif Aldeen 01121533305

Activity 5: Formation of fossil fuels
❶ ❸
❷

❹
❺
❻

● Fossil fuels are formed due to heat and pressure over millions of years.
●Coal is formed from the remains of trees.
●Oil and natural gas are formed from the remains of sea creatures.
 06 Oil and water: How oil is formed?
Oil and water are among the sources that human use to generate energy.
However, these two energy resources have many similarities and differences.

Oil

Scientists believe that is formed from the

decomposition of sea creatures.

Oil is a non-renewable resource of energy

The chemical composition of water differs from

that of oil, so they don’t mix.

Water

Water is a renewable resource of energy.

Human use water flowing to generate electricity.

Water and oil don’t mix

Oil Water
It is from It is from
non-renewable renewable
resources of sources of energy
energy

❶Differences They differ in the chemical composition.

❷Similarities • They use used for getting energy.

 How oil is formed?

❶Oil is formed ❷They become

from the covered with layers of ❸All these layers
decomposition of sediment and rocks, created great heat
sea creatures. As the over many millions of and pressure which
sea creatures' died, years, the sediment turned the
their remains settled and rock built up more remains into oil.
on the ocean’s floor. and more layers.

Renewable Energy resource Nonrenewable Energy resource

Is a natural material that Is a natural material that

can be replaced soon after is used faster than it can
it is used be replaced.
Such as (water) Such as (oil)
We use oil faster than a
new oil can be replaced.

Although water is a renewable source of energy it must be used very wisely and should not
waste or pollute.
If we do, water may not be replaced as quickly as we need it. So, we must conserve it.
The use of oil and water can be rationalized by
1. Ways to rationalize oil 2. Ways to rationalize water
consumption consumption
Growing plants that
Using public
don’t need irrigation
transportation
water in large
instead of private
quantalities
cars
Activity 8: Living without electricity
it is important for everyone to understand how much electricity they use and
find ways to conserve energy. In this activity, you will document your
experience of spending some time without using electricity.

Document your experience

1. How long were you able to go without

using electricity?
.................................................................
.............................................

2. What types of devices would you normally have used during this
period of time? What did you do instead?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
..............................................................................................................

3. How did you feel during and after this experience? Do you feel that
you normally take electricity for granted?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. What can you do at home to conserve fuels and avoid wasting

electricity?

2. Set aside regular

electricity -free times

1. Unplug devices
3. Turn off lights
Generating Electricity Sources
Population demands and increased industry and agriculture
have resulted in pollution problems around the world.

The percentage of electricity generation from different sources

❶Natural gas and oil produce the greatest amount of

electrical energy in Egypt.
❷ Increasing electricity consumption and reliance on
non-renewable sources in producing electricity led to
their depletion.

Therefore, it is preferable to use renewable energy sources.

09 Using Fossil Fuels to Generate Electricity

You already know that gasoline is used to provide energy to make cars move. But
what about the electricity you use to power the lights in your home? Where
does it come from? How are fuels involved in generating electricity?

How are fossils fuels used to generate electricity?

1. Electric is generated in a power plant.
1. Electric is generated in a power plant.
2. Oil and natural gas are burned to
release thermal energy that used to
heat water to make steam.
3. The steam is used to turn a device
called "turbine".
4. The steam is used to turn a device
4. This kinetic energy is used to turn a
generator that transforms kinetic energy
into electrical energy.

5. The electric energy travels down wires

to homes and industries.
 10 Big cities Environment concerns
» Using Fossil fuels can have negative impacts on the environment.

The reasons of increased pollution in large cities

1. Burning fuel 2. Pesticides 3. The
chemicals

Can pollute the air used in farms Used in factories

(Population demands) (Agriculture) can be (Industry) lead to
carried into stream pollute air, water and
when it rains. nearby soil.
-Pollute water and
soil.
The danger of pollution
Pollution, in the forms of runoff (rains), smog, and ground
contamination (pollution), is especially severe in large
cities.
Smog from Automobile
Is an example of the negative impact of
pollution on respiratory system:

1. smog from automobile 2. smog is full of tiny

emissions (Harmful gases) particles we breathe in irritate
causes widespread irritation to our lungs and respiratory
eyes and lungs.
system.
 12 Conserving Fossil Fuels
Have you ever wondered what are ways of conserving fossil fuels from running out?
» There is a limited amount of fossil fuels on Earth.
» Fossil fuels will run out because they take millions of years to be formed
as they can’t be replaced as fast as we use. So, we must conserve the fossil
fuels.
» There are many ways to conserve fossil fuels from running out.

Ways of conserving fossil fuels

Walking or biking 4.Using renewable 3. Using public 2. Turning off

instead of driving energy transportation lights

Disadvantages of Using Fossil Fuels

Burning fossil fuels cause global warming. 1. Burning fossil fuels produce
(Increasing of the Earth’s temperature) harmful gases that pollute the
air.

Using renewable sources of energy leads to avoid raising temperature

of our planet, but it is expensive than fossil fuel.

Mr. Karim Saif Aldeen 01121533305

 14 Using Fossil Fuels

Fuels can either be classified as renewable or non-renewable. )

Classify the fuels in the correct category.

……………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………… Renewable Non-renewable
Gasoline – wood –
……………………………………………………………
resources of energy
…………………………………………………………… sources of energy
ethanol – vegetable
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
oil – charcoal –
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
kerosene –
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
petroleum – natural
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
gas – solar energy –
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
wind – coal - crude
…………………………………………………………

Renewable resources Non-renewable

of energy resources of energy

Mr. Karim Saif Aldeen 01121533305

 d

Kerosene Charcoal Ethanol

Kerosene is Ethanol is
Charcoal is
extracted extracted
extracted
from crude from sugar
from wood.
oil. cane and corn.

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