Dilla University

College of Engineering and Technology

School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Machine design 1

Project Design 1

Group-3
NO………NAME……………………………………………..ID

1……….Latu Yohannes……………………………………3714/20

2……….Wana Bulti……………………………………….1294/20

3………Binyam Getachow……………………………….1614/20

Submitted to Instructor Mr. HABTAMU Submission date 25/12/2023G.C

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First of all we would like to express our heartfelt thanks for our instructor Mr. Habtamu for his
consistent initiations and advices in doing this project work. Then, the role of our friend‟s
involvement and support through this project also cannot be left unmentioned, since they have
gone through so many discouraging challenges with us. we would like to thank our family in
advising and encouraging us to attendee our education, and our university for its facilities such
as digital library, reference books, Wi-Fi and so on.
ABSTRACT
A screw jack serves to give mechanical advantage by change rotational force to linear force allowing one
to lift a load and support it at given height. On road emergency, I.e. tire get punctured is a common problem
observed in automobile and also it is big headache to driver , scissor jack are is converted into linear motion.
It is project a unique design of scissor jack is complete to lift low as well a heavy loads with different
condition, the main purpose and significance of this paper is to deign optimize and standardize the current
toggle jack to make the task easier and reliable solid work is used to develop and analyzed the scissor jack.

Mathematical model of design procure is also made which will supposed to help in standardization of scissor
jack design. The design calculate include design of power screw ,link design, design of nut, rivet design etc.
all product from engineering should be versatile of application by maintaining it is aesthetic and ergonomic.
This project mainly focused on designing and standarzation of scissor jack model of automobile and trying
for weight reduction of scissor jack with good strengths . also some change are done in design procedure that
it ill be use full for different model in automobile industry. Car jack that are available in the market has some
disadvantage such as required more energy to operate are not suitable for woman and can not be used on the
uneven surface . So that this design in modified for the existing car jack in terms of it functionality and
human factor consideration. A single mechanical scissor jack is used to lefty the heavy loads in which
rotor motion converted into linear motion. In this project unique design single of mechanical scissor jack
is complete to lift low as well as heavy load with different condition. Its required to design a scissor jack
which used to lift an automobile during try replacement. The jack should be designed to be operated
manually and manufacture from local available material with the use of simple manufacture methods.
Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ......................................................................................................................................... 2
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter One ...................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 Background .................................................................................................................................................................. 6
1.2 Appalication ................................................................................................................................................................ 7
1.3 Advantage and disadvantage ....................................................................................................................... 7
1.4 problem statement........................................................................................................................................... 7
Chapter Two .................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Review Literature ............................................................................................................................................................ 10
Chapter Three ................................................................................................................................................. 12
Methodology .................................................................................................................................................. 12
3.2 Working principle ...................................................................................................................................... 12
3.5 COMPONENTS ........................................................................................................................................... 12
3.3 IDENTIFICATION OF THE NEED .............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chapter Four .................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Detail Design And Analysis .............................................................................................................................................. 17
4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2 GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS........................................................................................................... 17
4.3 DETAIL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SCISSOR JACK COMPONENT ............................................................................... 18
4.3.1 GEOMETRY ANALYSIS.............................................................................................................................................. 18
4.3.2 FORCE ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
4.3.3 DESIGN OF THE POWER SCREW ..................................................................................................................... 25
4.3.4 DESIGN OF CONNECTING MEMBER ........................................................................................................................ 27
4.3.5 DESIGN FOR CUP AT THE TOP (BREAK) ................................................................................................................... 28
4.3.6 DESIGN OF PINS ...................................................................................................................................... 29
4.3.7 DESIGN OF THE DRIVING HANDLE ............................................................................................................ 31
4.3.8 DESIGN OF BASE PLATE ........................................................................................................................................... 32
................................................................................................................................................................................. 37
4.3.10 DESIGN OF BOLT ........................................................................................................................................... 39
4.3.11 DESIGN OF NUT..................................................................................................................................... 40
Chapter Five ..................................................................................................................................................................... 48
RESULET AND DISCUSSION .............................................................................................................................................. 48
5.1 RESULT ....................................................................................................................................................................... 48
5.1.1 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................................... 50
CHAPTER SIX............................................................................................................................................................. 51
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ................................................................................................................. 51
6.1 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................................... 51
6.2. RECOMMENDATION ................................................................................................................................................. 51
6.3DRAWING OF SCISSOR JACK PARTS ............................................................................................................................ 52
6.3.1 2D DRAWIN ............................................................................................................................................................. 52
6.3.2 3D DRAWING PARTS OF SCISSOR JACK..................................................................................................... 58
REFERENCE...................................................................................................................................................... 64
Appendices....................................................................................................................................................................... 65
 Chapter One

Introduction

1.1 Background

Scissor jack mechanical

A jack is mechanical device used to lift heavy load or apply great force.jack employ a screw thread or
hydraulic cylinder to apply very high linear force.A mechanical jack so device which lift heavy equipment
The most common from is a car jack floor jack or garage jack which lift vehicle so maintenance can be
preformed. Car jack usually use mechanic advantage to allow human lift vehicle by manual force alone.
More power full jack hydraulic power to provided more lift over greater distances. Mechanical jack usually
rated from maximum lifting capacity. Scissor jack are simple mechanism used to drive large load for short
distance . the power screw design of common scissor of jack reduced the amount of force required by the
user to drive mechanism.Most scissor are similarly in design consisting four main member drive br
member drive by power screw. A scissor jack operate a simple by turning a small crank that is inserted
in to one end of the scissor jack. This crank usually jack “Z” shape . the end fit into a ring hole a mounted
end of teeth screw, which is the object of force the scissor jack.

When this crank turned the screw turns , and this reuse the jack. The screw act like a gear mechanism.
It has teeth( crew thread) which turn and move the two arms ,producing work. Just by turning a screw
thread the scissor jack can lift vehicle that is several thousand pounds. Power screw in scissor jack in
the foundation of whole mechanism of jack. The scissor jack divided in specifically two types. Those
are

1. Mechanical scissor jack

2. Hydraulic scissor jack

Since hydraulics jack

• no cheap in cost and

• easy to manufacture
 • need additional oil so we select the mechanical type.

Generally , they are used to lift load depending on design specification to

with stand to lift different load

1.2 Appalication

For cars (automobile) which have 1 ton weight ,for lifting purpose. Scissor car jack has so many
applications generally application of scissor car jack is listed below;- To lift machine, vehicle equipment
and prefabrication part in mechanical assembly.Used to lift buildings from their foundations for repairs or
relocation adjusting the height of truck loading platforms and mill tables .It can be be used for jacking
carrying beams that have settled or for installing new structural beams .Lifting device to lift heavy loads
heavy loads or apply force in vehicles.A series of jacks is used and then wood cribbing temporarily
supports the structure.
1.3 Advantage and disadvantage
The advantage of scissor jack type of automobile screw jack
are:-
 Constriction is very simple.
 Capital investment and installation cast are relatively low.
 Easy to operate ,easy to maintain and easy to carry.
 Operation time is short period.
 There is no require fuel electricity and other power source to operate this jack.
 The strengths of jack is more compact than other type of the jack.
 The size of the jack small and overall weight of the jack is so light.
Disadvantage
It‟s design has some limitations and its scope is primly limited to certain application. Here some
consideration.

1.4 problem statement

Now a day this country most of the were equipped with the scissor car jack. we found that the car jack
were very difficult to be used especially women. We want to developed a product based from the problem
faced by user who drive car regarding to this issue.
To overcome this problem a research has be conduct to find the solution on how to design a car jack for
the car using the simplest and cheapest way while it energy saving. Although there were many to solve
this problem we recommend that the design this car jack system is the practical way when we considered
all the factor and consequences especially about analysis to develop this products. During the research
we have found that most the car user has difficulties in maintaining there vehicle brick down especially
car on the scope of changing tire. The normal car jack we have in the market in the operating using bare
hand and It is time consuming. It also requires much energy from the person to rotate the jack. Hence ,
this report had been prepared to recommended the design of the car jack that is user friendly easier to
operate has do not required too much money to develop this product.

During the research we have found that most the car user has difficulties in maintainingtherevehicle
brick down especially car on the scope of changing tire. The normal car jack we have in the market in
the operating using bare hand and It is time consuming. It also requires much energy from the person to
rotate the jack. Hence , this report had been prepared to recommended the design of the car jack that is
user friendly easier to operate has do not required too much money to develop this product.

1.6 Significance of scissor jack

A scissor jack device which is used to lit load and to with stannite and it is also needs oiling of the screw. Its
main significance lies in its compact and portable design, which allows for quick and easy lifting of a car or
other vehicles in case of emergencies‟ or maintenance tasks. The scissor jack plays a crucial role in
changing flat tires, performing brake work and other repairs that require raising vehicle off the ground.

Its widely used by car owners, mechanics, and road side assistance services due to its simplicity,
effectiveness, and affordability.

1.7 Objective

1.7.1 General objective

Design improvement the existing car jack in terms of its functionality and human factor
consideration. And also to design Mechanical scissor car jack that has the capacity to increase or decrease
load of vehicle based on the given specification.

1.7.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

In our project the specific objectives are listed below;-

 Geometric and force analysis of the jack

 Careful selection of appropriate material for each component crease load of vehicle based on the
given specification.

1.7.3 scope
This project is about the designing the car jack. The types of car jack that we were used in this
project were mechanical scissor car jack as it is more reliable and easy to operate. In order to
develop new concept of the car jack design, we do some research on many type of
scissor concerning the people use the jack. The scopes of research were on the designing 1 ton
maximum lifting capacity of car jack by using optimization concept. For optimizing the human
power, the concepts that will be used in this product by replacing with mechanically operated
jack. Therefore By this, the mechanical advantage while lifting can be reducing. In our
design we were using machine drawing instrument to draw out the detailed and assemble
drawing of each component of our product. The project cost can be analyzed based on material
cost in kilogram, labor cost which can be take time off manufacturing of part and standard
material cost.
 Chapter Two

Review Literature

C.S. Dhamak et al [1] researched on design, optimize and standardize the current toggle jack to
make the task easier and reliable and to avoid field failure. They mainly focused on designing
and standardization of scissor jack model of automobile L.M.V. sector and trying for weight
reduction of scissor jack with good strength. They conclude that for safe design of screw and nut
a bearing pressure need to be considered and if we take combination of different material for
each pair of screw and nut so we can find best suitable material for design at maximum load.
Shashikant A. Pekhale and Prof. S. V. Karanjkar [2] works on modification and analysis of the
current mechanical scissor jack by incorporating an electric DC motor in the screw in order to
make load lifting easier for lifting motor vehicles with using power of car batter (12 Volts).they
conclude that The existing jack was modified by making small alteration and making use of an
electric motor to drive power screw, connecting gear with the pinion mounted on the motor shaft
and then it will save time, be faster and easier to operate and requires less human energy and
additional work to operate.

Chetan S.Dhamak et al [3] presented their research on designing and optimization of mechanical
scissor jack at the same time maintaining its strength and service life. After they study failure
modes made a mathematical model analytically and by using ANSYS software. They concluded
that scissor jack is failed due to wear of teeth on both links at lower end, Due to excessive use
and high impact on screw starts getting wear and head of jack starts bending due to the fatigue
load acting continuously again & again over the head.

A. S. Akinwonmi and A. Mohammed [4] presented their work on modification of the existing
motor screw jack by incorporating an electric motor in the screw in order to make load lifting
easier. In this modified design, the power screw is rotated through its connecting gear with the
pinion gear when electrical power flows through the cigarette lighter receptacle connected to the
motor, plugged to the automobile 12 V battery source to generate power for the prime mover
(Motor), which transmits its rotating speed to the pinion gear meshing with the bigger
gear connected to the Power screw to be rotated with required speed reduction and increased
torque to drive the power screw. They concluded that the modified design will save time, faster
and easier to operate and requires less human energy.

Alexander et al, 1978, Smith, 1981, Nelkon, 1985 ) [5]. A lifting device is a system that allows
small force (effort) to overcome a large force or load There are practically hundreds of uses for
lift tables in manufacturing, warehousing and distribution facilities. The Addition of this device
(lift table) makes job faster, safer and easier. Some typical Applications include; machine
feeding and off-loading, product assembly, inspection quality control repair, feeding and
offloading conveyor levels. The commonest method for operating a scissors lift is the use of a
power screw . We can see that from the above literature review that we can make our design
easier by using electric motor to rotate the power screw in order to make lifting easier, less labor
energy and make it easier to operate. scissor jack is failed due to wear of teeth on both links at
lower end, Due to excessive use and high impact on screw starts getting wear and head of jack
starts bending due to the fatigue load acting continuously again & again over the head.

We can design our design to be simpler by using the above Knowledge.

 Chapter Three
Methodology

3.1 Working principle

A scissor jack uses simple theory of gears to get its power. As the screw section is
turned ,two ends of the jack moves closer together ,because the gear of the screw
are pushing up the arms. The amount of force begin applied is multiplied. It take is
very small amount at force to turn the crank handle. Yet the action causes the
braes arm to slide across and together. As this happen the arms extend upward the
car gravitational weigh is no enough to prevent the jack from opening or stop the
screw from turning ,since it is not applying force directly to it. If you were on put
pressure directly on to crank or lean pure weigh against the crank the person
would not be able to turn it even though your weight it is as small percentages of
cars.
3.2 COMPONENTS
The main components of scissor jack are;-

 Power screw handle

 Bolt
 Nut
 Washer
 Pins
 Connecting member
 Base plate
 Power screw
 Lifting members
 Cup

Driving (power screw) handle:

The handle is used for lifting mechanism to those applied loads by engaging the
handle and power screw driver in order to lifting and lowering the desired load.

 Bolt:

Is a threaded fastener designed to pass through holes in the mating

members and to be secured by tightening a nut from the end opposite head of
the nut? The body of the bolt, called shank is Cylindrical in form and the
head square or hexagonal in shape is formed by foreign.

 Nut:

Is a threaded fastener used to hold two parts together and Nuts in general are
square or hexagonal in shape. The nuts with internal threads engage with the
corresponding size of the external threads of the bolt. For nuts, hexagonal shape is
preferred to the square one, as it is easy to tighten even in a limited ace. This is
because, with only one-sixth of a turn, the spanner can be re-introduced in the
same position.

 Washer:

Washer is simply a flat, doughnut-shaped part that serves to increase the area of
contact between the bolt head or nut and the clamped part. A washer is a thin plate
(typically disk-shaped) with a hole (typically in the middle) that is normally used
to distribute the load of a threaded fastener, such as a screw or nut. In general
they are used for the purpose of:

 To prevent the loosening of the associated screw, bolt, and nut.

 To distribute the compressive force over areas larger than that of the
head or the nut,
 In order to decrease the friction that occurs when nut is tightened,
especially when the surface of the part is having poor surface finish.
 Pins:

The pins are used as fasteners at the various joints of the members. The
existence of the jack will depend on the ability of the pin not to fail under sudden
shear, tensional and compressive forces.

They are used to hold parts together or limit travel of moving parts.

 Connecting member.

These fasteners as used to fully transfer the applied load from the
 break, to the rivet, which connects the upper arm with the fastener.

 Base plate:

The base plate should with stand the applied load plus the whole component or
linkage load by itself, the force, we have to select the material during the design
process in order to resist the above all loads.

 Power screw:

Power screws are used to convert rotary motion in to translational

motion. It is also called translational screw. They find use in machines such as
universal tensile testing machines, machine tools, automotive jacks, vises;
aircraft flap extenders, trench braces, linear actuators, adjustable floor posts,
micrometers, and C-clamps. A screw thread is formed by cutting a continuous
helical groove around the cylinder. These grooves are cut either left hand or right
hand. The power screw is a single Acme threaded screw with collar at both ends,
with one end in contact with Member and the other end having a square key way
to enable the transmission of torque from the gears. The collar is assumed to
be frictionless and the power screw has been designed to be self-locking.

 Lifting members:

These members are made from simple c-shapes. The web of the lifting
member is cut out near the pin connections to allow proper service ability of the
scissor jack at its maximum and minimum heights.

 Cup:

This cup is subjected to compressive stress and bending stress which is

placed at the top of the frame and should with stand the applied load without.
 3.3 IDENTIFICATION OF THE NEED
Frist we have to identify the parameter that is needed or given in scissor jack design before we
start the design analysis. Such as

 The Weight of vehicle that used

 Maximum height of jack that the jack could rise the vehicle
 Minimum height of jack
 Chapter Four

Detail Design And Analysi

4.1 Design of mechanical scissor jack

Parameter Value Unit
Capacity 5 KN
Minimum lifting height 120 Mm
Maximum lifting height 480 Mm

4.2 GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

 Type of load and stress caused by load
 Motion of parts or kinematics of the machine
 Selection of material –it is important that the designer should select appropriate and most
important material. By identifying characteristics of material like strength, durability,
flexibility, resistance to heat, machinability, welded or hardness.
 Convenient and economical features
 Use of standard parts because of related to cost
 Safety operation
 Workshop facilities
 Cost of construction
4.3 DETAIL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SCISSOR JACK COMPONENT

4.3.1 GEOMETRY ANALYSIS

Scissor car jack where it‟s maximum lifting capacity of 480mm and a minimum height of 120
mm to find a suitable length of links and the degree of angle of a maximum and minimum
height. If consider two cases where at minimum position and maximum position
.Case 1 of minimum position.

Let us assume the value of the following unknown value.

a=30mm b=30mm c=20mm d=20mm e=20mm
Ymin=120-(a+e)

Ymin = 120-(20+30)

Ymin= 70

In analysis of this we formulate equation for length L1 and L2 with in θ min and θ max .
Case 2 of maximum position.
We formulate the length of link 1 and link 2 and within angle of θ max and y max.

Ymax= 480-(a+e)mm
Ymax=480-(30+20)mm
Ymax =430mm

By using equation 1 and equation 2 and θmin as iteration calculate the value of L1 and θ max
4.3.2 FORCE ANALYSIS
The force analysis consideration is based on the assumption that, the scissor jack holds vertically
symmetrical [2].

Figure 1.1
Given
F=5000N
Maximum lift height (L) =480mm
Minimum lift height(e)= 120mm
Solution

Figure 1.2

= = 0.125

=F1
F1
F1=F2
∑
F1
F=2F1
 =

F1=F2=20000N

∑
F1
F1=F3=20000N ∑
F1
Fs=2F1
=2

By using equation 1 and equation 2 and θmin as iteration calculate the value of L1and θ max

min L1
1 501.504mm
5 401.578mm
8 251.4909mm
9 223.7mm
10 201.555mm
15 135.23mm
17 119.7mm

L1=
L1=119.7mm

θ = 17⁰ = θ1= θ2 and also the angle of β =180-90-θ; when θ=17⁰ β=73⁰
Therefore, we have found the values of links and angles of inclination
L1 =119.7mm,
θ =17⁰ and
β=73⁰
Therefore, we have found the values of links and angles of inclination L =119.7mm, θ =17⁰and
β=73⁰
4.3.2 DESIGN OF LIFTING MEMBER (LINKS)
These members are made from simple c shapes. The web of the lifting member is cutout near the
pin connections to allow proper serviceability of the scissor jack at its maximum and minimum
heights [2].

Figure 1.3

Material selection

The life span of the jack will depend greatly on the type of materials used for each component to
avoid failure. We select GS-52.3 cast steel material to design bolts because of:

 High level of ductility

 High strength
 Wear resistance
 Ease of producing component parts
Economical.

For GS-52.3 cast steel:

Tensile strength = 650 MN/m2
Yield strength = 360 MN/m2 .
Factor of Safety = 3
From dimension and force analysis:
design stress, δd = yield strength /F.s = = 120MN/m2

δd ≥ f1=
A

Al=200

{ }

Design of the links for buckling

Effective length i. e = l × C; where L = 119.7mm and C = 1.0 (for pinned-pinned fixity)

Lxc=119.7mm

The crippling load, Prc=f,s

4.3.3 DESIGN OF THE POWER SCREW
Power screws are used to convert rotary motion in to translational motion. It is also
called translational screw. They find use in machines such as universal tensile testing machines,
machine tools, automotive jacks, vises; aircraft flap extenders, trench braces, linear
actuators, adjustable floor posts, micrometers, and C clamps. A screw thread is formed by
cutting a continuous helical groove around the cylinder. These grooves are cut either left hand or
right hand. The power screw is a single Acme threaded screw with collar at both ends, with one
end in contact with Member and the other end having a square key way to enable the
transmission of torque[1]

Figure 1.4

Material selection The life span of the jack will depend greatly on the type of materials used for
each component to avoid failure.
We select GS -52.3 cast steel material to design bolts because of:-
 High level of ductility
 High strength
 Wear resistance
 Ease of producing component parts
For GS -52.3 cast steel:
Tensile strength = 650MN/m2
Yield strength = 360 MN/m2 .
Factor of Safety = 3 Dimensional analysis

F=

√ √
 From appendices, Table A.1, say dc = 23.4mm standard size. Core diameter (dc) = 26mm Outer
diameter (do) = 32mm

dc=28.24mm
dc=26mm
do=32mm
mean diameter (dm)= =29mm
pitch=6mm
root diameter (dr)=do-p=dr=32-6=26mm
here P= pitch of the screw
d= mean diameter of the screw
α=helix angle
P = Effort applied at the circumference of the screw to lift the load,
W = Load to be lifted, and
μ = Coefficient of friction, between the screw and nut
= tan φ, where φ is the friction angle

Helix angle tan=

Lead=p; since the screw has a single start square thread

)=8

Total axial force in power screw F=

Turning moment of the screw to raise the load(Tr)

Tr=effort
tℎ 𝑣 ℎ .

The turning moment required to lower the load, (T1)= ( )

Required torque, (Tf)

Tf=2057.50
Efficiency of threads,(η) =
Actual torque required, (T)
Strength analysis
 =

√ √

√ √

4.3.4 DESIGN OF CONNECTING MEMBER

These fasteners as used to fully transfer the applied load from the break, to the rivet,
which connects the upper arm with the fastener. The applied force at two points will have same
magnitude (FA = FB = 2) and this loads FA and FB on the two rivets will be transferred to the
arms [1].

Figure 1.5
Material selection The life span of the jack will depend greatly on the type of materials used for
each component to avoid failure.
We select GS-52.3 cast steel material to design bolts because of:
 High level of ductility
 High strength
 Wear resistance
 Ease of producing component parts
 Economical ForGS-52.3 cast steel:
Tensile strength = 650 MN/m
Yield strength = 360 MN/m2 .
Factor of Safety = 3

Length of side member, (l)=

4.3.5 DESIGN FOR CUP AT THE TOP (BREAK)

This cup is subjected to compressive stress and bending stress which is placed at the top of the
frame and should with stand the applied load without failure [2].

Figure 1.6
Material selection The life span of the jack will depend greatly on the type of materials used for
each component to avoid failure.
We select steel alloy4340 material to design bolts because of:
 Good machinability
 Good ductility
 High strength
 Wear resistance
 Ease of producing component parts
 Economical
 For steel alloy 4340

 normalized(@8700◦c)
 σy =862Mpa
 σult= 1200Mpa o n=2.5

4.3.6 DESIGN OF PINS

The pins are used to joining a rotating link axisThe existence of the jack will depend on the
ability of the pin not to fail under sudden shear, tensional and compressive forces. They are used
to hold parts together or limit travel of moving parts[1]
Figure 1.7

Material selection
The material selection is done by first taking less expensive steel material, which is to
be changed depending upon the various outcomes of the design procedure (Strength analysis)..
We select steel, a 1045 grade steel material to design bolts because of o Good heat treatment
 High strength
 Wear resistance
 Ease of producing component parts
 Ultimate Tensile Strength
(δut) = 565 MPa
Yield Strength (δy) = 310 MPa
Factor of safety = 3

√
4.3.7 DESIGN OF THE DRIVING HANDLE
The handle is used for lifting mechanism to those applied loads by engaging the handle and
power screw driver in order to lifting and lowering the desired (certain load). The normal person
can apply a force from 150N – 350N. For our case I have choose a force of (F= 180N) [2]

Material selection
The life span of the jack will depend greatly on the type of materials used for each
component to avoid failure. We select ASTM A 36 mild steel material to design bolts
because of:
 High level of ductility
 High strength
 Wear resistance
 Ease of producing component parts
For ASTM A 36 mild steel
σult=450Mpa
 σy= 250Mpa n = 1.5

Considering bending moment about A

Note: It is also taken as torque since it‟s due to rotational effect about A. The combined
stress due to the bending moment and torque developed can be determined as follows:

4.3.8 DESIGN OF BASE PLATE

Here the base plate should with stand the applied load plus the whole component or linkage load
by itself, the force, we have to select the material during the design process in order to resist the
above all loads [2]
We select steel
 Resist overcome load
 Reduce stress concentration
 Good corrosion allowance
 Good heat treatment
Ease of producing component parts
Tensile strength=1241Mpa
Yield strength=965Mpa
Young modulus=E=210Gpa
c= /2 For L<=400mm
= ( − ) /2 For L>300mm
Y= radius of inertia

I=second moment order

W=section modulus
Ix=first moment of area for half cross section
bx=distance between center of compressive
X=the distance of shear center from axis of y-y
 -from standard table
H=80mm
m=50mm
y=5mm
t=9mm
dhole=20mm

First check buckling since bending stress is applied on base

∑
 ∑

Calculate shear stress due to bending moment

The material is safe since2.88<4

4.3.9 Design of lower base

We select steel

 Resist overcome load

 Reduce stress concentration
 Good corrosion allowance
 Good heat treatment

Tensile strength = 1241Mpa

Yield strength= 965Mpa

Young modulus=E=210Gpa

From table value of h1, b1, r1, r2, and t

h=70mm

b=35mm

y=6mm

t=5mm

r1=7
r2=4

Calculate the moment and force on lower base of any distance from one of the end

By using section c-c

At x=0

=0

At x=35mm=0.035m

∑
4.3.10 DESIGN OF BOLT
Is a threaded fastener designed to pass through holes in the mating members and to be secured by
tightening a nut from the end opposite head of the nut? The body of the bolt, called shank is
cylindrical in form and the head square or hexagonal in shape is formed by forging. Bolt joints
are one of the most common elements in construction and machine design. They consist of
fasteners that a capture and join other part and are secure with the mating of bolt joints designs or
screw threads.

There are two main type of bolted joint design:

1) Tension joint

2) Shear joint

In the tension joint the bolt and clamped component at the joint are designed to transfer the
external tension load through the joint by away of clamped component through the design of
proper balance of joint and bolt stiffness. The second type of bolted joint transfer the applied
load in a shear on the bolt shank and relies on shear strength of the bolt, tension loads on such
joints are only identically [

We select mild steel material to design bolts because of:

 easily workable
 very hard
 yet malleable
 good for construction
  easy to shape and machine
 Very flexible and can be harden

Steel grade Measured direction Yield strength Tensile sterngth

Meld steel A 452 497
To design bolts we have taken all necessary parameter from Table .5, Basic dimensions for

square threads in mm (normal series) according to IS: 4694-1968 (Reaffirmed 1996)

Table 4 Basic dimensions for square threads in mm (normal series) according to IS: 4694-1968

(Reaffirmed 1996) [1]

Major Minor Pitch(p) Depth of Area of

Nominal diameter(d) diameter( ) thread(h) core(Ac)
diameter( 1)

32mm 32mm 26mm 6mm 3mm 531m

4.3.11 DESIGN OF NUT

Is a threaded fastener used to hold two parts together and Nuts in general are square or hexagonal
in shape. The nuts with internal threads engage with the corresponding size of the external
threads of the bolt. For nuts, hexagonal shape is preferred to the square one, as it is easy to
tighten even in a limited space. This is because, with only one-sixth of a turn, the spanner can be
re-introduced in the same position [1]
We select mild steel material to design Nuts because of:

 easily workable
 very hard
 yet malleable
 good for construction
 easy to shape and machine
 Very flexible and can be harden
Steel grade Measured direction Yield strength(Mpa) Tensile
strength(Mpa
Mild steel A 452 497

To design nuts we have taken all necessary parameter from Table. 7- Basic dimensions for

square threads in mm (normal series) according to IS: 4694-1968 (Reaffirmed 1996)

Table 6 Basic dimensions for square threads in mm (normal series) according to IS: 4694-1968
(Reaffirmed 1996) [1].

Nominal Major Minor Pitch(p) Depth of Area of

diameter( 1) diameter(D) diameter( ) thread(H) core(Ac)

32 32.5 26 6 3.25 531

Let n is the number of threads in contact with the screw Let us assumed that the load is
uniformly Distributed over the cross sectional area of the nut. Let Pb be the Allowable Bearing
pressure between the threads. Bearing pressure is assumed as 65 N/mm2

Pb = (2 T)/((π/4) (do² − dc²) n)

65 = (104914.26)/ ((π/4) (282 -252 )*n)

= 12.925

Number of threads, n = 12.925 ≈ 13

In order to have good stability let n=13

Thickness of Nut = 8 p = 13 3=39mm

Width of Nut b =1.5 do=1.5 28=42mm

4.3.12 DESIGN OF WASHER

Washer is simply a flat, doughnut-shaped part that serves to increase the area of contact between
the bolt head or nut and the clamped part. A washer is a thin plate (typically disk-shaped) with a
hole (typically in the middle) that is normally used to distribute the load of a threaded fastener,
such as a screw or nut. In general they are used for the purpose of:

 To prevent the loosening of the associated screw, bolt, and nut

 To distribute the compressive force over areas larger than that of the head or the nut,
 In order to decrease the friction that occurs when nut is tightened, especially when the

surface of the part is having poor surface finish [2].

Material selection in our design we select low alloy steel to design the washer because of:

 It has high working stress compared to others,

 Has high atmospheric corrosion resistance capacity
 Suitable to welding.

To calculate the outer diameter of the washer we can use the following formula:

 COST ANALYSSIS

In this section we see the all cost the machine take to manufacture means cost for labor, cost for
each material, and cost of standard components of scissor jack.

Total cost of scissor jack

C Total =C manufacture + C labor +C standard

 Material cost:

Material cost means the cost of each material in project. Means the cost each
material have regarding its material property, the mass of each material have and
cost it be sold per kilogram.

 Labor cost:

Labor cost means the cost of all components should have regarding its process of
manufacturing and time it take to manufactured. Not only this one labor cost
means expenditure made of on the salaries, wages, overtime, bonuses, etc. of the
employer of the inter price. In our design the labor cost takes 196.5birr.

 Standard cost:

Standard cost means the cost of standard material gated from shop. As shown on
table 1 table of cost analysis below; the material cost and standard components cost
can be listed
Table1.

Qty Mass Cost/k Cost of raw

Part name (kg) Material g(birr) material(bi

rr)

Manufacturing part

1 1.62 GS-52.3 CAST 17.23 30.379

Power STEEL

screw

2 1.02 GS-52.3 CAST 17.23 60.8252

Upper link STEEL

Lower link 2 2.36 GS-52.3 CAST 17.23 85.3258

STEEL
 1 2.78 MALTENSTIC 16.5 48.87

Base plate STEEL

1 0.64 STEEL 14 20
ALLOY
break
4340

Connecting 4 1.87 GS-52.3 CAST 17.23 130

member STEEL

washer 8 0.52 LOW 14 65

ALLOY

STEEL
 1 MILD 15.55 4
STEEL
Handle

drive

Standard selected parts

8 0.233 A 1045 97
GRADE
Pin
STEEL

Bolt 8 MILD 60
STEEL

Nut 8 MILD 80
STEEL

Total birr-=681.4
 Chapter Five

RESULET AND DISCUSSION

5.1 RESULT

Table 1

Component Dimension

Power screw A=28.24mm

dc=6.4mm

do=32mm

dm=9mm

P=6mm

dr=26mm

Connecting member l=91.663mm

h=80mm

Lifting member l=359.62mm

Al=46.24mm
 Le=179.6324mm

Break (up) B=50mm

w=10mm

h=30mm

Pin d=99mm

A=126.5mm

Driving handle d=80m

lh=52mm

Base Plate l=144mm

w=75mm

h=40mm

Bolt d1=32mm

d=32mm

P=6mm

h=3mm

Ac=531mm
Nut d1=32mm

d=32.5mm

dc=26mm

P=6mm

h=3.25mm

Ac=531mm
Washer do=45
t=3.5

5.1.1 DISCUSSION
In this process, we perform the geometrical analysis and force analysis of the mechanical scissor
jack. Then we try to calculate stress and strength analysis for each component and we designed
power screw, connecting member, pin, link, cup, driving handle, bolt, and nut by selecting the
appropriate material .all of the mechanical scissor jack are designed by using appropriate
formulas for each and their factors of safety are checked for strength to avoid failure.
 CHAPTER SIX

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

6.1 CONCLUSION
In this project generally we analysis the mechanical scissor jack is feasible or applicable is safe
with safety factor 2 to 3. In addition, all most all parts of the mechanical scissor jack can easily
have manufactured in the workshop in such manners. On calculating the designs of
various components of scissors jack by taking four different materials. We concluded that
out of four materials AISI 1045gradedSteel is also good for carrying maximum load but in
comparison to mild steel it is more.GS -52.3 cast steel is also falls under the safe limit so it can
also be consider for manufacturing purpose of scissors jack. In this Paper, we concluded that all
four materials falls under the safe limit, which is very important to avoid the failure.

6.2. RECOMMENDATION
Besides the major achievements of the project, some other recommendation should be given for
the future work. We have some recommendations regarding the project mechanical scissor jack
design should include the shock, vibration and wobble effect in which it was delivered within
order to have accurate design results the components of the mechanical scissor jack should be
design by using Simulation software. The mechanical scissor jack should be test in laboratory
before use. Mechanical scissor jack should be checked every time before and after we use
materials falls under the safe limit, which is very important to avoid the failure.
6.3DRAWING OF SCISSOR JACK PARTS

6.3.1 2D DRAWIN

A)Power scerw

B)Pin
C)Low base plate

D)Driving handle
E)bolt

F)Connecting member
G)break
H)washer

I)Link
J)nut
K) 2D Assembly
6.3.2 3D DRAWING PARTS OF SCISSOR JACK

A)Power screw
B)Connecting member

C)Pin
D)Nut

E)Base plate
F)Link

G)Driving handle
H)Washer

I)Break
J) Assembly
REFERENCE
[1]A textbook of machine design, R.S. KHURMI & J.K. GUPTA, [A Textbook for the Students
of B.E. / B.Tech. U.P.S.C. (Engg. Services); Section „B‟ of A.M.I.E. (I)] EURASIA
PUBLISHING HOUSE (PVT.) LTD. RAM NAGAR, NEW DELHI-110 055
[2]WWW.Google.Com [3]Vigaykumarjadon, sureshverme, analysis and design of machine
element.

[4] Alexander et al, 1978, Smith, 1981, Nelkon, 1985)

[5] ChetanS.Dhamak et alareview paper on design and optimization of mechanical scissor jack,
journal of Amrutvehini college engineering sangamner.[Ms], savitribaiphulepune university.
[6]A. S. Akinwonmi and A. Mohammed works on modification power screw of
mechanical scissor jack,Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences
(JETEAS) 3 (4): 581-588.

[7] C.S Dhamak et alpresent his research on design and standardization of mechanical scissor
jack to avoid field failure, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SavitribaiPhule Pune
University, journal of Amrutvahini College of Engineering, Sangamner. [MS], India-422608.

[8] Shashikant A. Pekhale and Prof. S. V. Karanjkar works on Design Modification and Analysis
of Electrically Operated power screw for Light Motor Vehicles, journal of Institute of
Engineering Bhujbal Knowledge City ,Nashi
Appendices
Table 9Basic dimensions for square threads in mm (normal series) according to IS: 4694-1968
(Reaffirmed 1996