Instrumentation Tools

Learn Instrumentation and Control Engineering. Inst Tools covers topics of Industrial
Instrumentation, PLC, DCS, SCADA, Field Instruments, Analyzers and so on.
https://instrumentationtools.com

Author: Instrumentation Tools

Categories: Interview Questions

Interview Questions on Electronics

om
s .c
ol
To
i on
at
nt
me

1 What is a diode?
ru

A diode consists of two electrodes (1) Anode (2) Cathode. The current flow is only in one
direction.
st

A diode is the most basic solid state (semi conductor) device.The P. material has holes and the
In

N. material has electrons.

Forward & reverse Bias :

1) Where the applied voltage overcomes the barrier potential (the p side is more positive than
the n side) the current produce is large because majority carriers cross the junction in large
numbers. This condition is called forward bias.

2) When the applied voltage aids the barrier potential (n side + ve than p side) the current in
small. This state is known as Reverse Bias.

2 What is a filter used for ?

The half wave and full wave signals are pulsating D . C . voltages. The use of such voltages is
limited to charging batteries, running D. C. motors, and a few other applications. What we really
have is a D.C. voltage that is constant in valve, similar to the voltage from a battery. To get a
constant voltage from this, we can use a capacitor input filter.

3 What is zener Diode? What is a voltage Regulator?

The breakdown region of a p n diode can be made very sharp and almost vertical Diodes with
InstrumentationTools.com
 Instrumentation Tools
Learn Instrumentation and Control Engineering. Inst Tools covers topics of Industrial
Instrumentation, PLC, DCS, SCADA, Field Instruments, Analyzers and so on.
https://instrumentationtools.com

almost vertical breakdown region are known as Zener Diodes.

A zener diodes operating in the breakdown region is equivalent to a battery. Because of this
current through zener diode can change but the voltage remains constant. It is this constant
voltage that has made the zener diode an important device in voltage regulation.

Voltage Regulator: The output remains constant despite changes in input voltage due to Zener
effect.Also Read: Electronics Interview Questions & Answers

om
4 What is transistor? What are the different types?

.c
A transistor is a three lagged semi conductor device. Basically a transistor means (transfer –

s
resister). Whether the transistor is pnp or npn it resembles two diodes (back to back). The one

ol
of the left is called emitter diodes, and the one on the right is the collector diode. Since two
types of charges are involved transistor : are classified as bipolar devices.
To
on
Biasing the transistor: Emitter – Base: Forward Bias.
i

5 What is CB, CE and CC configuration ?

Collector – Base: Reverse Bias.

Buffer: A device or a circuit used to isolate two pt’ne circuits or stages. The emitter follows is a
example of buffer.
ru

Alpha = IC / IE Beta = IC / IE
st
In

6 How will you test a transistor with a multimeter. ?

l. Emitter +ve of meter and Base -ve output = Low resistance

2. Emitter -ve of meter and base +ve output = High resistance.

3. Collector +ve and Base -ve output = Low.

4. Collector -ve and base +ve output = High. Emitter : Collector = High Resistance.

PNP : Opposite Results.

7 What is a thyristor? What are its uses?

A thristor is a special kind of semi conductor device that uses internal feedback to produce
latching action.

Use: Used for controlling large amounts of load power in motors, heaters, lighting systems etc.

Explanation : Because of the unusual connection we have a +ve feedback also called
regeneration. A change in current at any point in the loop is amplified and returned to the
starting point with the same phase. For instance if the 02 base current increases, the 02
InstrumentationTools.com
 Instrumentation Tools
Learn Instrumentation and Control Engineering. Inst Tools covers topics of Industrial
Instrumentation, PLC, DCS, SCADA, Field Instruments, Analyzers and so on.
https://instrumentationtools.com

collector current increases. This force base current through Ol. In turn this produces a large 01
collector current which drives the 02 base harder. This build up in currents will continue until
both transistors are driven in satoration. In this case the latch acts like a closed switch.

On the other hand, if something causes the 02 base current to decrease, the 02 collector
current will decrease. This reduces the 01 base current. In turn, there is less 01 collector
current, which reduces the 01 base current even more. This regeneration continues until both
transistors are driven into cut off. At this time the latch acts like a open switch. This latch will
always stay in open or close position.

om
.c
GENERAL QUESTION

s
1 What are Intrinsically safe system?

ol
Intricsic safety is a technique for designing elecrtical equipment for safe use in locations made
To
nazandous by the presence of flammable gas or vapours in air.
on

“Defn. .” Intrinsically safe circuit is one in which any sparkor thermal effect produce either
i

normally or under specified fault conditions is incapable of causing ingition of a specified gas or
at

vapor in air mixture at the most easily ignited concentration.

HAZARDOUS AREAS : The specification of products or systems sold as intrinscially safe must
me

state in what hazardous areas they are infact intrinsically safe. Universal cooling of hazadous
areas has not, unfortunately, been adopted in all countries. However two sets of codiva in
ru

common use are.

2 What does a transmitter output stantfrom 3-15psi or (0.2 -1 Kg/em2) or 4 – 20 m.a. etc?
In

The transmitter output stance from what is known as “live zero”. This system has specific
advantages:

l. The systems automatically alarms when the signal system becomes inoperative.

2. The output areas is linear ( Ratio of 1 : 5 ).

DEAD ZERO SIGNAL: The advantage is that it does not have to be biased to true zero. A “Live
zero” gives the computer additional information, so that it can takes appropriate alarm action in
case of a measurement failure, because it can discriminate between a transmitter operating, but
transmitting a zero measurement and a failure, in the signal system.

3 What is force balance and motions balance principle?

FORCE BALANCE PRINCIPLE : “A controller which generates and output signal by opposmg
torque’s”.

The input force is applied on the input bellows which novas the beam. This crackles nozzle back
pressure. The nozzle back pressure is sensed by the balancing bellows which brings the beam
to balance. The baffle movement is very less about 0.002? for full scale output.

InstrumentationTools.com
 Instrumentation Tools
Learn Instrumentation and Control Engineering. Inst Tools covers topics of Industrial
Instrumentation, PLC, DCS, SCADA, Field Instruments, Analyzers and so on.
https://instrumentationtools.com

MOTION BALANCE PRINCIPLE : “A controller which generates an output signal by motion of

The increase in input signal will cause the baffle to move towards the nozzle. The nozzle back
pressure will increase. This increase in back pressure acting on the balancing bellows, will
expands the bellows, there by moving the nozzle upward. The nozzle will move untilits motion
(almost) equals the input (baffle) motion.

Advantages of force Balance :

om
.c
1. Moving parts are fever.

s
2. Baffle movement is negligible.

ol
3. Frictional losses are less.Also Read: Electronics Questions & Answers
To
i on
at
nt
me
ru
st
In

InstrumentationTools.com
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)