FCHN - Module 1 - Fundamentals of Computer System
FCHN - Module 1 - Fundamentals of Computer System
system
ALU
Input Output
Reg
Devices Devices
Keyboard CU Printer
Mouse Monitor
Light pen Speaker
Touch Screen X-Y Plotter
Microphone
Web Camera
The designing aspect of Main Pls draw this diagram I will
individual component of the Memory wait for 10 min.
computer is called COMPUTER ROM/RAM
ARCHITECTURE
COMPUTERS MEMORY HIERARCHY
W H AT I S M A I N M E M ORY , CAC HE M E M ORY & SE C ON DARY
M E M ORY ?
Auxillary
Memory
E.g. FD,
HD or
Main 700 ns
CD
Memory
4GB
D_RAM
Used to provide
1MB
BACK_UP CPU
storage due to Holds only one prog
its LARGE size which is to be executed
and Very SMALL Cache 100ns
cost Memory
S_RAM
2KB
Holds repeatedly requested data
during programs execution to
speedup memory system
COMPUTERS MEMORY HIERARCHY:
W H AT I S M A I N M E M ORY , CAC H E M E M ORY & AUX I LIARY M E M ORY?
Address Translation
VA Mechanism PA
Virtual Address (in software)
Physical Address
( Generated by (For very small main
CPU during Adv. Of virtual Memory: memory which is
programs 1. Allows to run BIG programs physically available
execution for even if main memory is small. in computer system)
LARGE Aux. 2. It makes programmer free
Memory) from storage calculation
3. It reduces Avg. cost of memory
system of computer
Computer Evolutions
Technologies for Hardware Features
Software
Generations -CPU Representative
features
-Main Memory computers
-Aux. Memory
Data Bus
System Bus
MAR IR Accumulator
R2
1050 81h E.g. R1
ID
PC (To select
1051 81st ALU
microprog.)
DPU
PCU
Types of computer Architectures
Von- Neuman Architecture Harvard Architecture
Prog memory Data memory
Memory addr bus addr bus
Addr Bus
Inst Data
& Program CPU Memory
CPU Memory ( RAM)
Data Bus Data
(ROM)