MOST IMPORTANT ° DERIVATIONS ( D ferassi21 “CLASS 12' 12 HANDWRITTEN NOTES —@ Express coulomb’s Lave th Vector form | 2 . 2 _ ge et, P Bice applied by Fr! 2 Gh 2 A tS R= Kode (4-4) ah 1) 3 0 - = kg Ca-®) a3 | Force appliel by Far — mee Rem) TA > k oot oy = Kay ve (en) fe Kya (% ) Tee) Tae Is} = 2 24 * pi Meas, C5 in fn) Ra Kote Cw) yeh 1B : =) 13-7) ® Derive an expression ey Elechie fied at any point en axial line of- the Clecd'c Dipole: — + (+ — fi)" - eo vo ee K— 24— eR ——4 ehNet Elecmic fred at point Pi— = == os Enet = €2-€ Due to +v, due to -4+ E, = ey. c= & way Gan Ener = KY, - KY Gea Get aye ~ it ~ kal ay eat =ky [eee - OA aye Oe = al an = kyl i Oo (x2 - ee = = 2KPX aoe Bx idea) dipole:- 4<<<¥,8e fo Neg. tp = px2aJ B= 2kP ot JE = als 2p Pa angeLet P point on the equi teva ne at diet. + from centre of dipole: ~ 7 eS . gk 2 o+.8 Beer a ror K— 24-7 Herve , eyee7& gaat h E,Sin0 due te -¥ °F Eek kK VE SINO ae ee Beret _ Tus, Net Field — Epet = 2€CosO i . = = 2€[4] [ae cos® A] 4 = 2 ky 2. etd +h ee [ Be aera Ry veal dipole , ae ov [EF te QSKS4 vo oO: aie URS. x nS“. Torque= P xd where, d= Pexpendiular dist. 2s >? Te CFs = Pud +f %d = 4é (asino) + qe(tsine) é rqyessin® C p=4xr2 | T= pesin® “ [este] _ 5: 2 o- Angle bet Pre T1P & TLE Case I] when o=o Case. | when B=180° t= pesin® T= pEesin® = pesind 2 = PESin 80" = = = ili brine Unstable quill bn'um Ny Stable €4 Case | When @=40° T= pesinO = PESINIe max: Torque -che nok Cleese field through 4 chosed zurface (sD) "3 Ye, tienes the net charge endesed by surface . Cased * - §@8 ) eal Nerifieation ef auss law using Coulomb's lavo- + electote flue 57 ah 7 & dp = 64h va = €dAcos® ad- en [O=8] Since, € 1s Same egeny Where, oN aphenical aurface! — Sade fede p=e8 LW AeaRR™ where, € = TRB “oe d= The pg RS poe foHere, A = Uneor charge density A= W Hee, Gaussian Surface rs cfinderiead , k The divecHon of} e field te yadlally purward = becaust by @ive chorge- p-feances® ce=s0) * efeancsd C&* =a0) by eJeancse EO Oo] Net i = = br hthe "fe peosge + fede 4 feancess’ ~ of0+feda —? -|\ cade avea of gurfece = any} thnv?) —B 7 Acc. é Gauss Javo-— Pte) ,ws Surface charge density Gaussian burface > CyVirdenica = ws et at a. ares Total flux! — 5® -- ‘ Pree b+ drs 1 > Jean case? + [eancose” + fedarcosse” = Sean + fear FO = EATER [ewe |-© Frecording 40 Gaus Jaw’ — b= wm —® €o renzo cycA] fo UT 18 independent *® Derive the Expvession for potential due to polot charge’ — ‘ IS @— 3 - %p (20 mH RP e K— 14 P point at a distance ¥ frora (19) charge. Werkdone to b&ng Yo from infinite te point ete equal +o! - Here ) e Wea) = f, Fey d¥ = 0” Kv dy C060 P yt 9% Oe Kg ETE Cee + -om bs -C2)) oa? Worse) = KS te "¢ leche fotental — ve Wee Yoe— O7 ) that Elechy'c Potenta) wil) be}— we Know y= kQ ae Net Potnhal | — Voor = KY + Ke Gray (*4) 7 Hed, ably ee { mi wh = mq | ett = (ed) we ge fl ky (4) __ke Yer= oe Gnenerally , 47774 dh0. Vet = KP 5 None alae be [hese ) wm [MaeHs we know that, Tn onifprm eechie fred aipole eropertences net forvee!— oe—__> 12Pxe (r= Pests) 2 Net werkdone in votah'ng dipslet.— Oy Wel = le Td 8 = Ss, TdHCog6 = p149 (osixo" 8 =_f® tad Jo, 6. =f, Pesineae =~ Pe fy *sind40 oy =- Pe Cws6]y ub = +Pe (cosO.- ws61] By Potential Energy) ~ dus —Wex up -u, = -PE(eosBet : Pub, Q=90 * Uae fh =-PECoS Or : of U= - PECosO ov = Us -PKE ] sel) ©=90° a T= PESIndo = Pe F =-PECosO == PECoS90" Gte tr) &=0 X18" T=pesind T= Pesiniso T= = ey ome] -PEEINISO”‘The amour oh workdone fo add change fo 0 capacitor ig gloved in form of. elechie poten ad energy jo the Space berween the > plaice - Leb je the chuge Ger uy be potentia) aM}. <8 Vv Bod, IY arnount of whatge, wer kdon @ , dw dqV Dntegsete th [eae [Bae We So uay we (2 Le] - seny® =e! w= a 9c 40 0 apaciew v Polenta) Eneagy : — Uz & x u ve Leen, «2a | peeeehvon’ — Acct he * force on @ Ee aye aA = ie es 2e& mM Ay. speed 7> Av velouty | 8 at (yo #0) (io m)s) 2 Wy evi tvat > - + Mo + (u +atn) (uytan) Hee 19eD + - utter tH + 4 (rttr ttt) a CU eee nN n 0+ oy. = : Os 0 We ~ ££ tavGp the term af Potential: —~ —_—_? dv= -Cdv AV = ES a ib > | msi ae Pp teams of Covert! — dq = Ne- op 2 x Unange % = Ne V4 RAE XA KET . Tad. owugtet dt at Hae, P, &rR &S ate y yeuleteys connected 1 W'S+ ULing » Kireho fe wle . In HEDAI— ~ 01) tyr R-)=° HHP ~ Tye tGHD)R=e —&)Th Bepe, ~4(t- Ty) +s (qtT-h) +674 =0 OM The Bridge should be balanced unde 0° currant fleue through galvanomcter, ty =0 from 9 &O, —Ie (Tepe =o (r-n)R = HP | — @) ~ QT, 485-41 7° 5,Q-s8Ut-h) —® Divide ey OF with ey DE > Patnetple’— Wheatstone Bridge -¥ Meta scale Here, R= Unknown — Resistance gs known Retietancee T= Now Point Acc. to balanced Gndi Hor ob voheatetone !— R = 8 Rap Roe R = § Th +()00-2)Hee, k= key oy Purxilary R= Rheostrh B= Patentto meter Wo}yrre « when kis open. — ° @= Ya, —O & GBD) yon K 10 closed! B-In =Yyxle a e-fS\ en de [Here ts Vyde = ER) - EF a Riv Nydi = ER — 4 Rtv Bride ey O VID = ° a > Rte ed = a “ REY ~ Z:de> Be 3A sadsin® — ye dB= iy. ssi T4aysinse 1 da, ae He tah +h TRAdl%, nO = PA fo Rat) — 1 go [apsin® ae Py ee qassin’’ xf " n He TA fe “any?B= rea coe B= 2anR-0 po, Leno] b= He, 928) unr? B= Her” a3 Now, ny AOPX, wal Attar Ao at, = ete, | Teal eh dp... ,¢ ) ° ° —eEODT > f BOOS | No. of tuyns = ABCDA feq love.Using Arn pee! ¢ civenitad Jour ° — a. oT pBdd = fot ps [gare | ay Now, aS Oy ied 2, —> 8 = eal = feats faa + bead + Pbap B © D & p ° = beds Coso” apedd CoL90 FDBAL Coso? + 6 8 © 4 §Bddcos.so® D ,—> B bead ~o fa Foroto [i= |—© Now ef tuens per unit Jeugt )— n= NO [ee | oo N=nh hm, & Esa ]—® Pur @ 4® in aD beds = Poko Bh= Honth{ose L) i ftom Ampere's Jato. ~ Gear: Poin [at °,’) lose) Belwean the turns? fom Ampew's law !~ $541 = ot (at?) § BdAtos6 = Hein Bg ad = WONT 6(2Ry) = PoNT R= Pont 2a7eS Fm = Fe — Yc VOY veamO = cove Hels‘ca! — aR foi. yar, v= vsind avesind = OM (vains— a 8 = mvsind Ra R= mvsind 7B Time. ood yd Crean loop 1 uy er v 2 A cos® Hom aon tel Motor! — ‘— Pte = veosO xt = VtosOx AM, g Pi, i teh .. y “we an usive se placed Wn B field \ \ oh th wires fy x. | 2) fo 29d wire Crmperiences Powee. 5 ara he 5, 6)8in8 4 | =F, By deine” | => _ 4 A, 2 184 6) is magnene field fad Vas ®, = oF) 2K \ G,. = See x | A, I ) ' oD Yo ~ ys wire 1% placed tn B field F M ° sh zapemence 4 force: ety and | go , pe ti By 1SinO Ret Mabe 2 ' at B, Asin Bnd) [eam |-2 Q,- Hota® tor AoW Pavaliel | a f2 a Lt : Fingulay Momenhur p a f L= mwvyY -—@ \e ) divide. © ti Lb ert | im. arty Se Me & L 2m - 2 ts MO, ah an a = KY aay [Tt na] Moe ah 2m Te ev (5) ER v -@ yooh aN M= st oR We Know that } — Me neh 1 unt Magneh'e Moweut 2 — for n=) = ee \= nes fee | m= 9 (Jom 4) u any Me Bohv's we xn (A= ni) ™, ton Par]An €MF induced bY ohon ef Gnductor acyow the MagoeHc field %@ catled Motional emF, XxX Se HOH. K we know that $ — AK YK * 5 % x 3 x f= 4 (Vx8) a 7 on ow x xX = qyvasind oy Mg x X* ro) fe qvesinge’ (v 18) werkdone to move chavye We WV W=YHé w= 4(@iv) [. €-eiv Ww. 61 : ye ON Ts Beel‘ y= e Ie & AG = € aay T= ev LRT we know that | — Magnehic Moweut ? — 2 ~> M= 2A. = on " any Che il exe (= na’) PE ]-« Aingula y Momentum L= mvy —(@) divide © eve, 1 mv vi rf gi »| 2\rclz meer Ls oh an & 2m tee nh aR Vv si ° 3 al I> ye s. = u +-£ ys — 2 2\¢s Me Bolw'e MoymetonLohen ewweut F parser sprvoug h Avlenotd , Magee Preld oc B = PNT be =NBA be = fo N? 2A a qr Mutual Sodudance } — , & Ty ba = My Ty Hee, Mo|= Mutual Snduckince of 4 Ayetem of reot'le ,>) we can us terohof 's ° AV =0 V-V_=0 we know, v. v= Vmsinot. Put in above, vmonwt Vb . _ Velde Vingin wt = ee ft iz) Reactance ef Fnd udev Sinkpsale. both Bide! — Bsmt Vn ginwt dt = ia t T= Mo. Sin(ek st f Av = Vin fginwt-at = Lfaz fe Um p- cose] 2b & ° Im | w J Jo - T--Mm Gswlk Lw Hae, Te - Ma (sinfe-24)) te +Ye, (Sinlest “%) } Te Yen ainfot “7 ) xtHere, Apply kivehof be Hee, n ViaVnsinwh v AV=0 V-V.=0 . x ul Beo g0° Vvsiinwot = & © Q= Cimainwt Ne Frat, Cudrauk ov) ca paaqey vin — t= do = de L=_d (¢¥mSinwt) dt 7 ON d(sinwt) Phasor draqram. r= C¥m Coste ud T= Vm et costo T= Ve Sin (prez) Hat, xe= Voc te “e. Sin(wtt a >)Hee, ove Calwoys) Th AARC, i” Ae We Ver (v-Ve) ve Jue vo VgetR We TXe Nee Exe va}an +L (xa"-Gx0"] ye [ERROR |) HOE ATR Z= Tmpedence Ver FRURK)E oy i fete VeNm , tHto _ Non. od aa. ye LR ro) Non a Here, Hag, Im Im=) From the que! 1 \ Rg : : \ Densen YP, = Sint ° | S90" | Raven - Py arb are measuved from Pole: _5 The Dixeckorn ef jncidlent yay * taken ay +ve- Tn ABoMme, fm AcMs, 8,= x48 p= O,+ySj Snel} toa H, Sin Be PrSinOe J. Bi ROr ave vey ama, Gin O45 84 A bin bre 82 H, 8, = pr Oe Hr (x+B) = He B-Y) Here, XRAY ave wey 2 ol nk eh wa , tanB>h~P =H KR Kdony= bs -h - mB) = MRE) Mea) = BOY His Hi = Ho — We R 1A a Vv be -HLe Ho-MyGv the sepachion at x, pe - Hr eB — be rr or ra Oo Ry =the gcehaaekton ath HP en oe pir Ba —@) V Ve Ao Adding eq © © By Bre Ae wows 4 Woot Vi Ry Re ae ~ (Pe ts) ez +--+, ter-k) (pe Hy) ‘_s | u -4) - pot a Le (eae = [kok Re -t= wet Pe &] ow vet Here, Ua +- nel) -4, + N@ In ADNE, TV. EN =1¢0 ©) To quad ate! NE, LNALN= \80° nO) sx fe yr) tn avee, + Ge LFDE+ZFED. s \V/ bt -- > g {TPO Ts a - dec = P+e-(y)+%) a [gs trea] (4) TH this position ; — {=e mete . f Us Snedls }aus!— Now eq @ becorne , a C= Smith a Aa tty 52%G&) (ormpound W)ieroseope —> Ime ® Telescope — Eme > AB= Thddent wavefrook cr= Refractesl wavefront 1% = Speed of Light rrayer medium V+ Spead oh Ing ta denser medium. vi Bc - AD v0 Ne . | Bc >AD Acsint_ At Sint VY Ve Sint. Ne Sint Ve Sing 2 ‘Ye Sint —> THs proves Anell's Javd <—> AB= Inddeut Wave front cb= Refrackd wavefront = Speed ofp Nighi tine taken by Light +o teave) from ae. =time taken by A4yhr to rravel From AD, Be = AD we Acsint = AC SintHere , a> deperahion bol- vu At. D= Gopera HON bet the Be R Suse’ w any point ota ast y from ton tve- hee, ? Av, the Patty difference > — An 2 Sah - SP Tr ASAP, a a . opt = a AP = preted) WM Th A528, g2 Ph Sf +Or -ot+($tan) D Now, ey @- ea sap gph Fees) 7a 45) (Sap -SiP)(SaPHS1P) = HO bh (o5.P-$iP) Le2P 81°) = 24dAssuming. Pp very. Close, to 0, Bs that eet a @,P™ SP =D (D140) An = 2d 2DAx= 2d Ax = 44 D Get) for Maxima > — GseT) for Minima — AK =n Ax =(2n4) hy H%p= mA I%p> Genny, ye oro y= 2(n47x9 d 2d When p=0 rYzo when, n=), yD. (Cemtra) Bright forge) erm a 4? a2 (+ gr) ned, y= 2D 2d ' \ [9ndo-e.9 Neh A= DAL (oth 8-¢) —_ 4 almDnn 2q inh ae.] ' Aitenative Dark & Bright fringe appear”Ex p¥emion for Fernge uatd tf | — The afnence bet 2 Conse cui ve b&ight Frigg gives the fringe width of dark fringe y pright fringes - Baavk. = on™ Jo =(nHAD -— NAD d a Qiontlatly, $x Bright: —Tn ARBN, Sing= A a Fes nt Maxima | — A =(290H) z {indy A204) A 20 Sin One So een anal Oa= (Nd es Gocondary Maxima 0, = 3A 20 Angulox width * ~ O= By u7 On o — ame 2 ty! AY soot: beth the side fame, = Lor? Vee| Famev wavelength os eleton- ty we substitute — ne 6:63 KIO Ts me SV KON KY er Pex lose Y= 227 ae,Gs) Using. de Broglie's Hy potheur's, Explain Bohrie and podtalate off quantisation of Energy eves hydrogen ator « According. to de-Rroghe wavelength. — veh Pp Sa pems d= mv nd enh my lh ashe go, [2m=nd fy) A Standing. P [ete] wave of eireulan orbit ah atom LAT = oh wy mw = Oh On Gs) Using Bohv's theory of, Hy drogen atoms. derjua the eraprension pr tota) Energy ef, em ‘s Stotionay Atatea oh the ater,e © 2 o C5" Keze - my? —fi) + Ace. te Bohr's postuladed ? — mvr= oh —G@) an 4 @ + Loo mVy = nth 7 mv ant kZe> “x. my = nth> , Unto GRY Zee i nthtes | __ mn zee @) Rad. for nth ovbit! — ye ath? fo MK Zer Nelodty of e7 19 Atatonary ovbi+.— mv nitigo — nh mnzey 2velou'ty of i'n nth energy level . Energy of & in Statonary ovbits 2 — ( ke = time OD Pe = KNde . zer = 8 =m. a = Kt e)( ze) 2. LAr =. ee! nih* to pe= -2zelm Snzhr eer ® Total Energy = KE + PE