Name – Ramandeep Kaur

Student ID - 200525617

Course: Ethics & Issues GNED 1041

Instructor: Michael Ian Rubenstein, B.A., LL.B, M.Ed., LL.M

Dates: Monday Sept.11, 2022 – Monday December 11, 2023, 6 pm on line

Instructor: Michael Ian Rubenstein, B.A., LL.B, M.Ed., LL.M

Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Web-site: www.michaelianrubenstein.com

FINAL TEST, Monday Dec.4 , 2023, 6 – 9 pm

A-For five marks provide the DEFINITION OF ETHICS and

PURPOSE OF ETHICS:

Definition (3) Purpose (2)

The set of moral principles or ideals Moral Counseling:
that regulate the behavior of
individuals or groups is referred to as Individual Conduct: Ethics serves as a
ethics. It discriminates between right moral compass for individuals,
and evil activities and making decisions assisting them in navigating
that are morally sound. Ethics provides circumstances by discriminating
a framework for analyzing and guiding between good and wrong behaviors.
behavior by addressing morality, Ethical standards influence collective
justice, and virtue. It refers to a set of behavior within organizations and
principles and regulations that guide society, promoting a shared sense of
individuals and organizations in acceptable behavior.
making decisions that are consistent
with their beliefs and society norms. Cohesion Social: Ethics helps to build
Ethics are not only used in the society common values within a community or
but also in business organizations and civilization, encouraging cohesion and
in our day to day life, so parents mutual understanding. It also
should teach their children from the influences societal norms and
young age to be morally right and expectations, which helps to shape
never do wrong to anyone. cultural identity.

B- For 5 marks (1 mark each) define the following:

i-applied ethics(1) The field of ethics known as applied
ethics deals with the practical
application of moral principles to real-
life events and difficulties. It entails
applying ethical theories and concepts
to specific quandaries or issues in
 domains like as medicine, technology,
business, and the environment. The
goal of applied ethics is to provide
practical instruction on how to
traverse moral difficulties and make
ethical decisions in specific settings.

ii-business ethics (1) Business ethics is an applied ethics

branch that focuses on the moral
principles and values that guide the
behavior of individuals and
organizations in the business sector. It
entails thinking on the ethical
implications of business processes,
decisions, and corporate behavior.
Honesty, openness, fair treatment of
employees and customers,
environmental responsibility, and the
overall societal impact of corporate
activities are all examples of business
ethics.
iii-legal ethics(1) Legal ethics refers to the moral
principles and professional standards
that regulate the behavior of
individuals in the legal profession. It
explains lawyers' and legal
professionals' ethical responsibilities in
contacts with clients, the court, and
the public. Legal ethics focuses on
concepts such as secrecy, honesty, and
integrity, as well as the obligation to
offer competent and zealous counsel
while preserving the rule of law.
iv-ethical decision making, The process of systematically
reasoning (1) examining and assessing moral
challenges in order to arrive at
ethically justified alternatives is
referred to as ethical decision making
and reasoning. To make sound
decisions, individuals must evaluate
multiple ethical views, weigh
competing values, and apply ethical
standards. This approach frequently
entails critical thinking, sensitivity, and
a dedication to moral integrity.
v-public risk(1) The term "public risk" refers to the
possibility of harm or negative
repercussions affecting the whole
population or a specific community. It
entails analyzing and managing risks
with public implications, such as those
connected to public health, safety,
environmental concerns, or policy
decisions. To preserve the well-being
of the larger community, assessing and
minimizing public risk frequently
necessitates a combination of scientific
analysis, ethical concerns, and
effective communication.

C-List 5 ethical issues that can arise with professionals for

up to 5 marks: (1 mark each)
1 Conflicts of Interest: Professionals may encounter ethical quandaries when
their personal interests or relationships conflict with their professional
responsibilities. Conflicts of interest can jeopardize impartiality and integrity,
raising questions about justice and the possibility of biased decision-making.

2 Confidentiality and privacy: Maintaining the confidentiality of client or

patient information is a critical ethical responsibility for professionals. Breach of
confidentiality can undermine trust and infringe private rights, resulting in legal
and ethical ramifications.

3 Professional Competence: It is an ethical responsibility to maintain ongoing

professional competence and stay current on important information and
abilities. Professionals who fail to maintain their competence risk offering
subpar services, potentially causing harm to those they serve.

4 Honesty and truthfulness: When professionals participate in dishonesty or

deception, ethical difficulties arise. Being honest and transparent is essential for
professional integrity, and any divergence from these standards can lead to
trust concerns and professional misconduct.

5 Social Responsibility: Professionals are frequently required to evaluate the

greater societal consequences of their actions. When professionals must weigh
individual or organizational interests against the larger good, ethical quandaries
may occur. This can include decisions about environmental sustainability,
community welfare, or issues of social justice.

D-Define the role of a regulatory body. (10 marks)

A regulatory body's duty is diverse and critical for guaranteeing proper
operation, integrity, and ethical standards within a certain industry or
profession. Regulatory bodies serve as oversight bodies, monitoring, managing,
and directing the activities of organizations and individuals under their
jurisdiction. Here's a more in-depth look at the role of a regulatory body:

1 Establishing standards and guidelines: Regulatory bodies define and establish

industry-specific standards and norms. These standards establish the bar for
professional conduct, service quality, safety measures, and ethical behavior in
the regulated sector.

2 Licensing and Accreditation : Regulatory agencies frequently grant licenses or

accreditations to individuals or organizations who meet certain criteria. This
procedure ensures that only qualified and competent individuals or businesses
are used.

3 Monitoring and Enforcement: Regulatory agencies actively monitor the

activity of individuals and organizations that fall under their jurisdiction.
Inspections, audits, and investigations are used to ensure that defined
standards are followed. Noncompliance might result in disciplinary proceedings,
fines, or license revocation.

4 Consumer Protection: One important responsibility of regulatory agencies is

to protect the interests of consumers. This involves ensuring that consumers
obtain fair and high-quality services, that they have access to correct
information, and that they are safeguarded from fraudulent or unethical actions
inside the regulated industry.

5 Ethical Oversight: Regulatory organizations are critical in sustaining ethical

standards in the industry. They create codes of ethics, investigate ethical
transgressions, and take corrective measures to ensure the integrity of the
profession or sector.

6 Education and Training: A wide range of regulatory agencies are involved in

the development and implementation of educational and training programs.
This guarantees that industry personnel stay current with innovations, maintain
competency, and conform to changing norms and practices.

7 Policy Development: Regulatory agencies help to set rules and regulations

that regulate the industry. They collaborate with government agencies and
other stakeholders to develop a regulatory framework that is in the public's
interest and meets social demands.

8 Data Collection and Analysis: Regulatory authorities collect and analyze data
on the performance of individuals and organizations under their jurisdiction.
This data assists in identifying patterns, assessing the impact of regulatory
actions, and making educated decisions to improve the regulatory environment.

9 Dispute Resolution: Regulatory authorities are frequently used as mediators

in disputes between professionals, organizations, and customers. They serve as
a venue for conflict resolution, ensuring that matters are treated in a fair and
impartial manner.

10 Continuous Improvement: Regulatory bodies constantly evaluate and adjust

their systems and standards. They look for ways to improve in order to adapt to
changing circumstances, technical breakthroughs, and rising industry
difficulties.

In summary, a regulatory body's job is multifaceted, covering standard setting,

monitoring and enforcement, consumer protection, ethical oversight,
education, policy formulation, data analysis, dispute resolution, and continual
improvement. Regulatory agencies, through these functions, contribute to the
overall well-being of industries and professions while protecting the public's
interests.