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21st Century PPT Module 3

This document provides an overview of Philippine literature through history. It discusses pre-colonial, American period, Japanese period, and contemporary period literature. Key points include: literature originated from oral traditions and deals with stories/poetry; during the American period English was introduced and education expanded dramatically; Japanese period saw a resurgence of Filipino language literature under occupation; contemporary period saw periods of activism, martial law, People Power revolution, and changes in newspapers. The document traces themes and genres of literature across Philippine history.

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Merylfaith Alipio Paris
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370 views

21st Century PPT Module 3

This document provides an overview of Philippine literature through history. It discusses pre-colonial, American period, Japanese period, and contemporary period literature. Key points include: literature originated from oral traditions and deals with stories/poetry; during the American period English was introduced and education expanded dramatically; Japanese period saw a resurgence of Filipino language literature under occupation; contemporary period saw periods of activism, martial law, People Power revolution, and changes in newspapers. The document traces themes and genres of literature across Philippine history.

Uploaded by

Merylfaith Alipio Paris
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What was the last story that you

have read? What can you say about


it?
 When did you read it?
 Do you like to read? Why or why
not?
21ST CENTURY LITERATURE
FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND
THE WORLD

INTRODUCTION TO PHILIPPINE
LITERATURE

WHAT IS
LITERATURE?
Isa body of written works.
Originated from oral traditions.
Are imaginative works.
Deals with stories and poetry.
The content depends on the author.
Three Points of Literature
Literature portrays human experience.
Authors interpret these human
experiences.
It is an art form and a style of expression
THE PHILIPPINE
LITERARY PERIODS
(BC – 1534)
 This existed before the Spanish occupation in the 1500s.
 It is oral in nature and is full of lessons and ideas about
life, its blessings, and its consequences.
 It contains ideas from birth to the grave.

 The oral characteristic of pre-colonial literature gives the


possibility for many alterations.
AMERICAN PERIOD (1900 - 1942)
AMERICAN PERIOD (1900 -
1942)
The Philippines had a great leap in
Education and Culture.
The use of English alongside Filipino was
practiced.
The Philippines Public School system was
introduced.
Free public instruction was given to the
Filipinos.
AMERICAN PERIOD (1900 -
1942)

The literature during the American period


was considered as imitative of American
AMERICAN PERIOD (1900 - 1942)
model. Instead of asking the students to
write originals, students ended up
following the form of American poets.
Forms
1. Poetry
Poetry under the American rule still followed the
style of the old, but had contents that ranged from
free writing to societal concerns under the Americans.
2. Drama
It was usually used in the American period to degrade the
Spanish rule and to immortalize the heroism of the men who
fought under the Katipunan.
3. Remake Novels
It took up Dr. Jose Rizal's portrayal of social conditions by
colonial repression.
AMERICAN PERIOD (1900 - 1942)
Poetry
 Jose Corazon de Jesus (1832-1896) popularly known
as “Batute,” created his own generation with his first
book of poems.
 Mga Gintong Dahon (1920)- were poems pre-
occupied with such non-traditional themes as passion-
slaying, griefinduced, insanity, and lover’s suicide.
 Sa Dakong Silangan (1928)- returned to the awit
form, retelling the history of Philippines under Spain,
the coming of the U.S under the guise of friendship to
overthrow Spain
AMERICAN PERIOD (1900 - 1942)
Drama
 Severino Reyes (1861-1942) – spearheaded a
movement to supplant the komedya with a new type
of drama, the sarsuwela, a Filipino adaptation of the
Spanish zarzuela.
Examples:
Walang Sugat (1902)- is a sarsuwela (drama in the
form singing) drawn from the period of Revolution,
depicting the cruelty and corruption of friars and the
heroism of the soldiers of the Katipunan.
AMERICAN PERIOD (1900 - 1942)
Drama
Other successful sarsuwelas:
Hindi Aco Patay (1903) by Juan Matapang Cruz

Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas (1903) by Aurelio

Tolentino- is an allegorical presentation of the


history of the nationalist struggle and how the U,S.
frustrated the Philippine revolution.
Tanikalang Guinto (1902) by Juan Abad (1872-
1932)- is about Liwanag and K’Ulayaw, lovers who
stand for freedom and the Filipino.
AMERICAN PERIOD (1900 - 1942)
Remake Novels
Gabriel Beato Francisco (1850-1935)- is best known for
his trilogy of Fulgencia Galbillo (1907), Capitan Bensio
(1907), Alfaro (1909), depicting the 30 years of colonial
repression by the Spanish rule.
Inigo Ed. Regalado (1888-1976)- Madaling Araw (1909)
was his first novel showing the complex interrelations of
issues and people in contemporary Philippine society.
AMERICAN PERIOD (1900 - 1942)
Juan Lauro Arsciwals (1889-1928)- Lalaking Uliran o
Tulisan (1914), allusion to the colonial law that branded
Filipino patriots as bandits.
JAPANESE PERIOD (1941 - 1945)
The Philippine literature came into a halt.
The use of the English language was forbidden, and
the use of the Filipino language was mandated
under the Japanese rule.
For some this was a problem, but to most writers, it

was a blessing in disguise.


Almost all news papers were stopped except for

some.
Filipino literature was given a break during this
period. Many wrote plays, poems, short stories, etc.
JAPANESE PERIOD (1941 - 1945)
Topics and themes were often about life in the
provinces.
Forms
1. Poetry
2. Fiction
3. Drama
4. Newspapers
5. EssaysPoetry
JAPANESE PERIOD (1941 - 1945)
The common theme of most poems during the
Japanese occupation was nationalism, country, love,
and life in the barrios, faith, religion and the arts.

Fiction
The field of the short story widened during the
Japanese Occupation. Many wrote short stories.
Drama
The drama experienced a lull during the Japanese
period because movie houses showing American films
JAPANESE PERIOD (1941 - 1945)
were closed. The big movie houses were just made to
show stage shows. Many of the plays were
reproductions of English plays to Tagalog.
Newspapers
Writings that came out during this period were
journalistic in nature. Writers felt suppressed but
slowly, the spirit of nationalism started to seep into
their consciousness. While some continued to write, the
majority waited for a better climate to publish their
works
JAPANESE PERIOD (1941 - 1945)
Essays
Essays were composed to glorify the Filipinos
and at the same time to figuratively attack the
Japanese.
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
The Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970)

The Americans returned in 1945.


On July 4, 1946, the Philippines regained its freedom

The early post-liberation period was marked by a


kind of “struggle of mind and spirit” and the wild
desire to see print.
Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived during
this period (Japanese brutality, poverty and brave
guerilla exploits)
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
Period of Activism (1970-1972)

Many young people became activists to ask for


changes in the government and became completely
rebellious.

Campus newspapers showed rebellious emotions.


The once aristocratic writers developed awareness
for society.
(MAKIBAKA)
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
Period of the New Society (1972-1980)
Themes in most writings dealt with the development or
progress of the country : Green Revolution, family
planning, proper nutrition, environment, addictiondrugand
pollution.
Campaign to stop pornography or those writings giving bad
influences on the morals of the people.
All school newspapers were temporarily stopped and so
with school organizations.
Period of the New Society (1972-1980)
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
The government led in reviving old plays and
dramas :
Tagalog Zarzuela, Cenaculo and the Embayoka
of the Muslims which were presented in the
Metropolitan Theater, the Folk Arts Theater and rebuilt
the Cultural Center of the Philippines.

Radio continued to be patronized during this


period.
Period of the New Society (1972-1980)
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
A yearlyPista ng mga Pelikulng Pilipino (Yearly Filipino
Film Festival) was held during this time.

During this period of the New Society, newspapers


donned new forms. News on economic progress,
discipline, culture, tourism and the like were favored
more than the sensationalized reporting of killings, rape
and robberies.
Period of the New Society (1972-1980)
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
Bilingual education which was initiated by the Board of
National Education as early as 1958 and continued up to
the period of Martial Rule in September 21, 1972,
resulted in the deterioration of English in the different
levels of education. The focus of education and culture
was on problems of national identity, on re-orientation,
renewed vigor and a firm resolve to carry out plans and
programs.
Period of the Third Republic (1981-1985)
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
After ten years of military rule and some changes in the
life of the Filipino which started under the New Society,
Martial Rule was at last lifted on January 2, 1981.

Poems during this period of the Third Republic were


romantic and revolutionary. Writers wrote openly of their
criticism against the government. The supplications of
the people were coached in fiery, colorful, violent,
profane and insulting language.
Period of the Third Republic (1981-1985)
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were
really true-to-life like those of grief, poverty,
aspirations for freedom, love of God, of country and
of fellowmen.
The yearly Festival of Filipino Films continued to be
held during this period.
1986-1999
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
History took another twist. Once more, the Filipino
people regained their independence which they lost
twenty years ago.

In the span of four days from February 21-25, 1986, the
so-called People Power (Lakas ng Bayan) prevailed.
Together, the people barricaded the streets petitioning the
government for changes and reforms.
1986-1999
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
Newspapers which were once branded crony newspapers
became instant opposition papers overnight. This was
true of BULLETIN TODAY which became the
opposition paper.
The Philippine revolution of 1986 and the fire of its spirit
that will carry the Filipinos through another epoch in
Philippine history is still being documented just as they
have been in the countless millions who participated in
body and spirit in its realization.

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