¥. 1, To look forward to; to expect. ‘We anticipated having a good time at the party. 2. To be aware of and to provide for beforehand. The speaker anticipated their questions by explaining the plan thoroughly. adj, 1. Unable to pay one's debts and freed by law from doing so. The store owner was bankrupt after the business filed, 2. Left without any worth or value. ‘The opposition party was bankrupt of ideas and received few votes, To leave without worth or value. His extravagances bankrupted him, ‘eq, Short; not long-lasting. ‘The guests had time for just a brief vist, so they did not linger when it was time to leave, \ To give a short explanation or set of instructions to. An assistant briefed the mayor before the debate. 1 A statement, giving the main points in a case, for use in a court of law. The attorney glanced at her brief before addressing the judge. adj. 1. Quick; active. The runners kept up a brisk pace at the start of the race, 2. Scimulating refreshing. The brisk wind blowing off the ocean felt good. 1 Applan for spending money during a certain period, ‘The extravagant dinner caused the tourists to overspend their weekly food budget. \ To plan the use of carefully. A part-time job may affect your schoolwork unless you budget your time. ¥ To try to win against others. Five students competed for first prize. competition n. (kam pa tish’ an) I. The act of trying to win against others. ‘Competition to get into a good college is keen. 2. Acontest. ‘The team entered the competition even though it had little chance of winning. competitor n. (kim pet’ i tar) One who competes against others. Six competitors entered the race, ¥. To make difficult. ‘An extra guest may complicate the seating for a formal dinner. complicated ad. Not easy or simple; having many different parts. ‘The instructions are so complicated that no one could figure them out.To make happen. ‘The new manager will effect many changes. fn Aresult The aspirin I took for my headache had no effect. effective ad, (2 fek’ tiv) |. Bringing about the desired result. Gargling with salt water is an effective treatment for a minor sore throat 2, In operation; active. Anew dress code was effective the day school opened. 3. Making a strong and favorable impression, People are likely to remember what an effective speaker says. To be wrong or to do wrong. lerred when | accused you of lying. ‘error on. (er ax) A mistake. Errors in punctuation are easily corrected. erroneous adj (ar 18° né as) Mistaken; wrong. ‘The facts are correct, but the conclusion is erroneous. 1. Something that contributes to a result. Paying attention and studying diligently are two factors in getting good grades. 'n. Something that is very popular for a short time, then forgotten. ‘Ankle bracelets were the fad one summer. 1. To complain, The children always gripe about having to get up early. 2. To annoy or irritate. Crowded airports gripe the traveling public. 1. Acomplaint. ‘Squalid living conditions and contaminated drinking water were two of the captives’ gripes. 1 A special talent or skill ability to do something easily. My mother has a knack for making friends wherever she goes. 1 Free time not taken up with work. A sixty-hour work week allows little leisure, lelsurely adj, Slow; relaxed. The couple strolled at a leisurely pace through the park. adj, The only one of its kind. The platypus,a mammal that lays eggs, is unique among animals.pee. Choose two phrases to form a sentence that correctly uses a word from Meani| hgs Word List 10. Write each sentence on the line provided. I. @) Abriefis (0 Agripeis (©) an amount by which a number —_(d) something that causes annoyance. is increased. 2. (a) something is unique, i is (6) made to last for a long time. (b) the only one of its kind. (@) Hf something is complicated, it is \f | | 3. (@) To anticipate change is (6) to make it happen. (8) To effect change is (@) to be taken by surprise by it. 4. (@) Alleisurely statement is one (©) that is incorrect. (©) that contains a full set of instructions. (4) An erroneous statement is one 5. @) something that contributes to (¢) a set of instructions. a result. (©) A factor is (@ Akenackis 6. (@) To compete against someone is to _(c) fear that person. (©) explain to that person, (@) To brief someone is to a 7. (@) that has yet to be tested. (©) An effective plan is one + (b) A complicated plan is one (2) that works. - 8. (a) time spent away from work. (0) the act of trying to win against others. (©) Bankruptcy is (@) Leisure is Improve each of the following sentences by crossing out the bold phrase and replacing it with a word (ora form of the word) from Word List 10. |. Because of its unusual size and color, this diamond is believed to be the only one of its kind.2. Last year the company was declared unable to pay its debts and was freed by law from doing so. 3. Soc runners are taking part and hoping to win in the 100-meter dash, 4, The machine is made up of many parts and will take a long time to assemble, 5. She has a very special ability for spotting the problem and fixing it right away. 6. The “pet rock” is a good example of a silly item that was very popular for a short time. 7. You made a mistake when you said that Thomas Jefferson was our second president. 8, If you plan the use of your money carefully, you'll be able to afford a better computer. 9. Keeping your eye on the ball is the main thing that contributes ¢o success in tennis. 10. The actors are looking forward to a full house for the play's opening night. IL. The drivers talked very negatively about the lack of convenient parking spaces. 12. An aide gave a short explanation to the reporters about the meeting with the president. Circle the letter of each correct answer to the questions below. Each question has from one to four correct answers. |. Which of the following could a person have a knack for? (@) hard work (©) selling (b) watching television (©) juggling 2. Which of the following is true of a fad? (@) It’s very popular (©) Ie usually doesnt fast. (b) Only a few people know about it. (d) It usually costs a lot of money, 3. Which of the following would most people consider leisure activities? (@) playing tennis (6) collecting baseball cards () delivering mail (4) treating diseases4. Which of the following can be brisk? (@) a breeze in autumn (©) toy sales in December (0) a walk around town (@) 2 gift froma friend 5. Which of the following have an effect on a person's health? (@) smoking cigarettes (©) regular exercise (b) overeating (@) proper diet 6. Which of the following could one budget? (@) one's time (©) one’s resources (0) one’s allowance (@) one’s friends 7. Which of the following can one anticipate? (a) problems (© trouble (b) future events (@) past events 8 Which of the following might bankrupt a company? (@) poor sales (©) unsafe products (©) skillful management (@) mounting debes ‘The suffix -ly can mean “like” or “in a way that is.” (Brotherlylove is love that is like that between brothers.) The same suffix can also mean “happening at certain intervals of time.” A weekly event is one that tales place every week. At the end of some words, this suffix is written -ally. In the spaces provided, rewrite each of the words below, adding the -ly or -alty suffix, and write either “like” or “happening” to give the suffix’s meaning. Ifthe word does not take the suffix, leave the spaces blank. Word |. realistic 2 annual 3. compete 4. ecstatic 5. month 6, ravenous 7. abundant Word plus suffix Suffix meaningy / ». Read the passage below; then complete the exercise that follows. Fun and Games Have you ever invented a new game or toy? Lots of people have, and most of them would tell you that it’s not all fun and games. In fact, inventing and producing games is a very serious business. Many of those who have tried to interest a company in their inventions have a common gripe: most ‘companies will not consider an idea from someone unknown to them, Companies prefer to deal only with established inventors with whom they have developed a long-term relationship. These veteran inventors have a knack for thinking up ideas—lots of them—for new toys and games. Just as important, they are willing to spend the time to develop their ideas. Only then do they take their new game or toy to a ‘company and try to sell it. ‘Toys and games are big business. People may complain that they have less leisure time than they used to, but today they spend far more money on ways to fill this time. Billions of dollars are spent this way in the United States alone each year. Toy stores do 2 brisk business in the weeks between Thanksgiving and the end of the year. They can anticipate selling more toys and games in this one period than in the entire rest of the year! ‘The toy and game business is not casual, either. Companies compete to meet the enormous demand by engaging in a perpetual search for new products. These companies aren't interested in warmed-over ideas from previous years: they are looking for something unique. Originality may be the main consideration, but companies must also keep other factors in mind when deciding which games or toys to produce. First, the cost of producing a new product is very important; the less complicated the toy or game Is, the cheaper it will be to make. Companies also take into account the age of the children for whom the toy or game is intended; ifit is easy to understand, then younger children will be able to play it, thus increasing. the number of likely buyers. Finally, the larger companies with big advertising budgets must ‘ask whether they can make an effective television commercial for the new product. Producing a new toy or game is risky, but the rewards can be great. fa company errs by Putting a lot of money into anew toy or game that fails to sell, the company can go bankrupt. Itc is successful, on the other hand, everyone is ecstatic. Even success is not without risks. Should a game or toy catch on, the maker may not be in a position to meet the sudden demand. By the time the factory is able to turn out the items, the fad may have died down, leaving the company with tens of thousands of items it cannot sell. In fact, most toys and games do have brief lives, but not the all-time champion: Monopoly has been by far the most popular game on the market for decades, and two milion sets are sold each year. Of course, only a handful of lucky inventors creates a highly successful new toy ‘or game and becomes millionaires. But inventors are natural optimists. That is why there is no shortage of newcomers eager to break into this high-stakes business.Answer each of the following questions in the form of a sentence. If a question does not contain a vocabulary ‘word from this lesson’s word list, use one in your answer. Use each word only once. Questions and answers will then contain all fifteen words (or forms of the words). |. Why are large companies able to advertise heavily on television? 2. How long do most toys and games remain popular? 3. Why might a toy store owner gripe about a severe storm in December? 41s the belief that one can get rich by inventing games an erroneous one? Why or wiy nat? 5. What is the meaning of brisk as it is used in the passage? 6. What happens when more and more companies get into the games business? 7. What are some of the ways you spend your leisure time? 8. Why would it be incorrect to call Monopoly a fad? 9. What is the meaning of anticipate as itis used in the passage? 10. What kind of toy or game usually appeals to very young children? ieee ee|IL. What is the meaning of effective as it is used in the passage? 12. Why is the decision to make a new toy not a quick and easy process for a company? 13. What does a person need in order to be a successful games inventor? 14. What is the meaning of bankrupt as itis used in the passage? 15. What is the most important thing that games companies look for when considering a game? Rom an UN