© November 2015 | IJIRT | Volume 2 Issue 6 | ISSN: 2349-6002

5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Sunil Rai
Electronics and Computer Engineering
Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon,
M.D University,Rohta

Abstract— In this paper, an attempt has been made to Systems is a complete wireless communication with
review various existing generations of mobile wireless almost no limitation; somehow people called it REAL
technology in terms of their portals, performance, wireless world. But till present day 5G wireless system
advantages and disadvantages. 5G Technology is the
concept is only theory and not real, so it is not
non-official name used to denote the next major phase of
applicable for use. 5G (5th generation mobile
mobile telecommunications standards beyond the
upcoming 4G standards. This 5th generation wireless
networks or 5th generation wireless systems) is a
system is something very extra-ordinary and its technology used in research papers and projects to
experience will be beyond our imagination. It will denote the next major phase of mobile
provide wider range of facilities from the current 4th telecommunication standards beyond 4G. 5G is not
generation/ IMT- Advance technology. It offers services officially used for any specification or official
in documentation supporting electronic transaction (e- document yet made public by telecommunication
payments, e-transactions) etc. The 5th generation will companies or standardization bodies. New standard
provide a totally wireless communication system all over
releases beyond 4G are in progress by standardization
the world without limitations. In 5G, research is being
bodies, but are at this time not considered as new
made on development of World Wide Wireless Web
(WWWW), Dynamic Adhoc Wireless Networks
mobile generations but under the 4G umbrella. The
(DAWN) and Real Wireless World. In this paper we implementation of standards under a 5G umbrella
propose novel network architecture for next generation would likely be around the year of 2020.
5G mobile networks. In the proposed architecture the
mobile terminal has the possibility to change the Radio II.EVOLUTION OF MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES
Access Technology - RAT based on certain user criteria. In order to fully understand the future of mobility, it is
Index Terms: Evolution from 1G-5G, 5G Network important to examine the evolution of individual
Architecture, Need of 5G streams of mobile telecommunication technology.
Telecom technology is changing our lives in ways we
did not envision. Today, efficient packet switched
1. INTRODUCTION
networks carry media packets (voice, data, and video)
We are living in a world of modern science. We cannot
to intelligent mobile devices that users carry
think a single moment without science. Science makes
everywhere. Mobile communication has become more
our life easy and comfortable. Modern world is being
popular in last few years due to fast revolution in
compressed due to the development of science and its
mobile technology. This revolution is due to very high
technologies. During the last few decades, the world
increase in telecoms customers. This revolution is
has seen phenomenal changes in the
from 1G- the first generation, 2G-the second
telecommunications industry due to science and
generation, 3G- the third generation, and then the 4G-
technology. From 1G to 2.5G and from 3G to 5G, this
the fourth generation,5G-the fifth second generation.
world of telecommunications has seen a number of
improvements along with improved performance with
every passing day. The 5th generation is anticipated to
be a complete network for wireless mobile internet,
which has the capability to offer services for
accommodating the application potential requirements
without suffering the quality. The ultimate goal of 5G
is to design a real wireless world that is free from
obstacles of the earlier generations. 5G Wireless

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(a net rate of 13 kbps) in the full rate channel and a

frame of 4.6 milliseconds (ms) duration. The family of
this generation includes of 2G, 2.5G and 2.75G. Next
to 2G, 2.5G system uses packet switched and circuit
switched domain and provide data rate up to 144 kbps.
E.g. GPRS, CDMA and EDGE.
C. Third Generation (3G):
The Third Generation (3G) services combine high
speed mobile access with Internet Protocol (IP)-based
services. It uses Wide Band Wireless Network with
which clarity is increased. The main features of 3G
technology include wireless web base access,
multimedia services, email, and video conferencing.
The data are sent through the technology called Packet
Switching. 3G systems offer high data rates up to 2
Mbps, over 5 MHz channel carrier width, depending
on mobility/velocity, and high spectrum efficiency.
The data rate supported by 3G networks depends also
Figure 1: Evolution of Wireless Networks on the environment the call is being made in; 144 kbps
in satellite and rural outdoor, 384 kbps in urban
A. First Generation(1G): outdoor and 2Mbps in indoor and low range outdoor.
The First Generation (1G) was pioneered for voice The frequency band is 1.8 - 2.5 GHz. Voice calls are
service in early 1980‘s, where almost all of them were interpreted through Circuit Switching. Along with
analog systems using the frequency modulation verbal communication it includes data services, access
technique for radio transmission using frequency to television/video, new services like Global Roaming.
division multiple access (FDMA) with frequency band It operates at a range of 2100MHz and has a bandwidth
of 824-894 MHz , and channel capacity was 30 KHz of 15-20MHz used for High-speed internet service,
which was based on a technology known as Advance video chatting.3G uses Wide Band Voice Channel that
Mobile Phone Service (AMPS). It introduces mobile is by this the world has been contracted to a little
technologies such as mobile telephone system (MTS), village because a person can contact with other person
advanced mobile telephone system (AMTS), located in any part of the world and can even send
improved mobile telephone system (IMTS) and push messages too.
to talk (PTT). It has low capacity, unreliable handoff, D. Fourth Generation (4G):
poor voice links and no security at all since voice calls The Fourth Generation (4G) usually refers to the
were played back in radio towers making these calls successor of the 3G and 2G standards. In fact, the
susceptible to unwanted eavesdropping by third 3GPP is recently standardizing LTE Advanced as
parties. future 4G standard. A 4G system may upgrade existing
B. Second Generation (2G): communication networks and is expected to provide a
The Second Generation (2G) emerged in late 1980s. It comprehensive and secure IP based solution where
uses digital signals for voice transmission and has facilities such as voice, streamed multimedia and data
speed of 64 kbps. It provides facility of e-mail and will be provided to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere"
SMS (Short Message Service) and use the bandwidth basis and at much higher data rates compared to
of 30 to 200 KHz. In this generation two digital previous generations. 4G offers a downloading speed
modulation schemes are used; one is time division of 100Mbps. 4G provides same feature as 3G and
multiple access (TDMA) and the 2nd is code division additional services like Multi- Media Newspapers, to
multiple access (CDMA) and frequency band is 850- watch T.V programs with more clarity and send Data
1900 MHz. In 2G, GSM technology uses eight much faster than previous generations. LTE (Long
channels per carrier with a gross data rate of 22.8 kbps Term Evolution) is considered as 4G technology. 4G
is being developed to accommodate the QoS and rate

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requirements set by forthcoming applications like III. 5G NETWORKS

wireless broadband access, Multimedia Messaging 5G Technology stands for 5th Generation Mobile
Service (MMS), video chat, mobile TV, HDTV technology. 5G network is very fast and reliable. The
content, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), minimal concept of hand held devices is going to be
services like voice and data, and other services that revolutionized with the advent of 5G. Now all the
utilize bandwidth. services and applications are going to be accessed by
E. Fifth Generation (5G): single IP as telephony, gaming and many other
The Fifth Generation (5G) Technology stands for 5th multimedia applications. As it is not a new thing in
Generation Mobile technology. 5G mobile technology market and there are millions of users all over the
is not deployed yet. The big challenge for the design world who have experienced the wireless services
and deployment of 5G technology can be faced easily wireless technology. It is not easy for them to shrink
as proposed features and architecture (mentioned from using this new 5G network technology. There is
below) that will increase system capacity and quality only need to make it accessible so that a common man
within the limited available frequency spectrum, can easily afford the profitable packs offered by the
whose frequency band and Data Bandwidth will be ‗3- companies so that 5G network could hold the authentic
300GHz‘ and ‗1Gbps & higher (as demand)‘ place. There is need to win the customer trust to build
successively. The remarkable issue, there don‘t have fair long term relation to make a reliable position in
any limitation in 5G as respect to user demands in the the telecommunication field. To complete with the
next 200 years. 5G mobile technology has changed the preceding wireless technologies in the market 5G
means to use cell phones within very high bandwidth. network has to tender something reliable something
User never experienced ever before such a high value more pioneering. All the features like telephony,
technology. Nowadays mobile users have much camera, mp3 player, are coming in new mobile phone
awareness of the cell phone (mobile) technology. The models. 4G is providing all these utility in mobile
5G technologies include all type of advanced features phone. By seeing the features of 4G one can gets a
which makes 5G mobile technology most powerful rough idea about what 5G Networks could offer. There
and in huge demand in near future. A user can also is messenger, photo gallery, and multimedia
hook their 5G technology cell phone with their Laptop applications that are also going to be the part of 5G.
to get broadband internet access. 5G technology There would be no difference between a PC and a
including camera, MP3 recording, video player, large mobile phone rather both would act vice versa.
phone memory, dialing speed, audio player and much
more you never imagine. For children rocking fun
Bluetooth technology and Pico nets has become in
market. The 5G also implies the whole wireless world
interconnection (WISDOM—Wireless Innovative
System for Dynamic Operating Mega communications
concept), together with very high data rates of the
Quality of Service (QoS) applications.

Figure 3: Evolution of Mobile Technologies up to

5G Networks
IV. DESIGN OF 5G MOBILE NETWORK
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 4 shows the system model that proposes design
of network architecture for 5G mobile systems, which
is all- IP based model for wireless and mobile
Figure 2: Evolution in Mobile Technologies

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networks interoperability. The system consists of a

user terminal (which has a crucial role in the new
architecture) and a number of independent,
autonomous radio access technologies. Within each of
the terminals, each of the radio access technologies is
seen as the IP link to the outside Internet world.
However, there should be different radio interface for
each Radio Access Technology (RAT) in the mobile
terminal. For an example, if we want to have access to
four different RATs, we need to have four different
accesses - specific interfaces in the mobile terminal,
and to have all of them active at the same time, with
aim to have this architecture to be functional.

Figure 5: Protocol Layout for the Elements of the

Proposed Architecture
Application connections are realized between clients
and servers in the Internet via sockets. Internet sockets
are endpoints for data communication flows. Each
socket of the web is a unified and unique combination
of local IP address and appropriate local transport
communications port, target IP address and target
appropriate communication port, and type of transport
protocol. Considering that, the establishment of
Figure 4: 5G mobile network Architecture communication from end to end between the client and
The first two OSI levels (data-link and physical levels) server using the Internet protocol is necessary to raise
are defining the radio access technologies through the appropriate Internet socket uniquely determined by
which is provided access to the Internet with more or the application of the client and the server. This means
less QoS support mechanisms, which is further that in case of interoperability between heterogeneous
dependent upon the access technology (e.g., 3G and networks and for the vertical handover between the
WiMAX have explicit QoS support, while WLAN has respective radio technologies, the local IP address and
not) . Then, over the OSI-1 and OSI-2 layers is the destination IP address should be fixed and unchanged.
network layer, and this layer is IP (Internet Protocol) Fixing of these two parameters should ensure
in today’s communication world, either IPv4 or IPv6, handover transparency to the Internet connection end-
regardless of the radio access technology. The purpose to-end, when there is a mobile user at least on one end
of IP is to ensure enough control data (in IP header) of such connection. In order to preserve the proper
for proper routing of IP packets belonging to a certain layout of the packets and to reduce or prevent packets
application connections - sessions between client losses, routing to the target destination and vice versa
applications and servers somewhere on the Internet. should be uniquely and using the same path. Each
Routing of packets should be carried out in accordance radio access technology that is available to the user in
with established policies of the user. achieving connectivity with the relevant radio access
is presented with appropriate IP interface. Each IP
interface in the terminal is characterized by its IP
address and net mask and parameters associated with
the routing of IP packets across the network. In regular
inter-system handover the change of access
technology (i.e., vertical handover) would mean

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changing the local IP address. Then, change of any of carried out immediately after the establishment of IP
the parameters of the socket means and change of the connectivity across the radio access technology, and it
socket, that is, closing the socket and opening a new is initiated from the mobile terminal Virtual Network-
one. This means, ending the connection and starting e level Protocol. Establishing tunnel connections as well
new one. This approach is not-flexible, and it is based as maintaining them represents basic functionality of
on today’s Internet communication. In order to solve the virtual network level (or network level of
this deficiency we propose a new level that will take abstraction).
care of the abstraction levels of network access V. WHY IS 5G REQUIRED?
technologies to higher layers of the protocol stack. This paper mainly focuses on how a 5G network can
This layer is crucial in the new architecture. To enable provide more facilities approach to a common man to
the functions of the applied transparency and control utilize his available possessions in an enormous way
or direct routing of packets through the most to make him to feel the real progress.The major
appropriate radio access technology, in the proposed difference, from a user point of view, between current
architecture we introduce a control system in the generations and expected 5G techniques must be
functional architecture of the networks, which works something else than increased maximum throughput;
in complete coordination with the user terminal and other requirements include:
provides a network abstraction functions and routing •Lower out age probability; better coverage and high
of packets based on defined policies. At the same time data rates available at cell edge.
this control system is an essential element through •Lower battery consumption.
which it can determine the quality of service for each •Multiple concurrent data transfer paths.
transmission technology. He is on the Internet side of •Around 1Gbps data rate in mobility.
the proposed architecture, and as such represents an •More secure; better cognitive radio/SDR Security.
ideal system to test the qualitative characteristics of •Higher system level spectral efficiency.
the access technologies, as well as to obtain a realistic •World Wide wireless web (WWWW).
picture regarding the quality that can be expected from •More applications combined with artificial intelligent
applications of the user towards a given server in (AI) as human life will be surrounded by artificial
Internet (or peer). Protocol setup of the new levels sensors which could be communicating with mobile
within the existing protocol stack, which form the phones. Not harmful to human health.
proposed architecture, is presented in Figure 2. The •Cheaper traffic fees due to low infrastructure
network abstraction level would be provided by deployment costs.
creating IP tunnels over IP interfaces obtained by
connection to the terminal via the access technologies VI. CHARACTERISTICS OF 5G
available to the terminal (i.e., mobile user). In fact, the TECHNOLOGY • The technology 5G presents the
tunnels would be established between the user high resolution for sharp, passionate cell phone every
terminal and control system named here as Policy day and give consumers well shape and fast Internet
Router, which performs routing based on given access.
policies. In this way the client side will create an • The 5G technology provides billing limits in advance
appropriate number of tunnels connected to the that the more beautiful and successful of the modern
number of radio access technologies, and the client era.
will only set a local IP address which will be formed • The 5G technology also allows users of mobile
with sockets Internet communication of client phones, cell phone records for printing operations.
applications with Internet servers. The way IP packets • The 5G technology for large volume data distribution
are routed through tunnels, or choosing the right in Gigabit, which also maintains close ties to almost
tunnel, would be served by policies whose rules will 65,000.
be exchanged via the virtual network layer protocol. • The technology gives you 5G carrier distribution
This way we achieve the required abstraction of the gateways to unprecedented maximum stability without
network to the client applications at the mobile delay.
terminal. The process of establishing a tunnel to the • The information from the data transfer technology
Policy Router, for routing based on the policies, are 5G organize a more accurate and reliable results.

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• Using remote control technology to get the consumer phone user. 5G technology will provide supper and
can also get a 5G comfort and relax by having a better perfect utilization of cellular communication in future.
speed and clarity in less time alone. The future enhancement of Nano-core will be
• The 5G technology also support virtual private incredible as it combines with artificial intelligent
network. (AI).One can able to control his intelligent Robot
• The uploading and downloading speed of 5G using his mobile phone. Your Mobile can
technology touching the peak. automatically type the message what your brain
• The 5G technology network offering enhanced and thinks. We might get a circumstance where we don’t
available connectivity just about the world. require any spectrum for communication. 5G
• 5G network is very fast and reliable. technology will provide super and perfect utilization
of cellular communication in future. We can monitor
VII. APPLICATIONS OF 5G TECHNOLOGY any place of the world from anywhere, observe space
1) Real wireless world with no more limitation with and watch TV channels at HD clarity in our mobile
access and zone issues. phones without any interruption. There will be
2) Wearable devices with AI capabilities. exciting amusement unbelievable services. The 5G
3) Internet protocol version 6(IPv6), where a visiting mobile phones will be a tablet PC and amazing. Many
care-of mobile IP address is assigned according to mobile embedded technologies will evolve.
location and connected network.
4) One unified global standard. IX. CONCLUSION
5) Pervasive networks providing ubiquitous In this paper we have discussed the existing and future
computing: The user can simultaneously be connected wireless mobile communication generations and
to several wireless access technologies and seamlessly cellular systems focusing on four main key factors:
move between them these access technologies can be switching schemes, bandwidth, data rates, and radio
a 2.5G,3G, 4G or 5G mobile networks, Wi-Fi, WPAN access, also 5G main development challenges and
or any other future access technology. In 5G, the explained the necessity for 5G. We conclude that 5G
concept may be further developed into multiple network is very fast and reliable. Fifth generation is
concurrent data transfer paths. based on 4G technologies. The 5th wireless mobile
6) Cognitive radio technology, also known as smart internet networks are real wireless world which shall
radio: allowing different radio technologies to share be supported by LAS-CDMA (Large Area
the same spectrum efficiently by adaptively finding Synchronized Code-Division Multiple
unused spectrum and adapting the transmission Access),OFDM (Orthogonal frequency-division
scheme to the requirements of the technologies multiplexing), MCCDMA(Multi-Carrier Code
currently sharing the spectrum. This dynamic radio Division Multiple Access), UWB(Ultra-wideband),
resource management is achieved in a distributed Network-LMDS (Local Multipoint Distribution
fashion, and relies on software defined radio. Service), and IPv6. Fifth generation technologies
7) High altitude stratospheric platform station (HAPS) offers tremendous data capabilities and unrestricted
Systems. The radio interface of 5G communication call volumes and infinite data broadcast together
systems is suggested in a Korean research and within latest mobile operating system. Fifth generation
development program to be based on beam division should make an important difference and add more
multiple access (BDMA) and group cooperative relay services and benefits to the world over 4G. Fifth
techniques. generation should be more intelligent technology that
interconnects the entire world without limits. The 5G
VIII. FUTURE SCOPE mobile technology is expected to be implemented at
5G network technology will reveal a new era in mobile the end of the current decade. The world of universal,
communication technology. The 5G mobile phones uninterrupted access to information, entertainment and
will have access to different wireless technologies at communication will open new dimension to our lives
the same time and the terminal should be able to and change our life style significantly. The new
combine different flows from different technologies. coming 5G technology will be available in the market
5G technology offer high resolution for crazy cell to fulfill user demands in affordable rates, bright and

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high peak future also much reliability as well as

exceptional applications.

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