Ch 4 Earyy equatarfor contnlcolue

4 .1 Cnseratinofmass

:
遮点
。

1
!

: 洲的

…
→ ”

m
= 0 ma
”
ruteof change of mass

=
mass in -

mass out
contw
equat
continuiy
unseratin of MUSS
教育部A+類主題式 課群精進推廣計劃

σ
 a
mass flow rate )
C) olumtlowme( t
” ”

-— : Rocket engine1
⼀

司 … _
_ 号
rolune
—

→ velocrty

tubeanifrmelocity iavg =

时
v 。
A
= seetanl ared
cross

mang =
S .

tang
→
Vug =

卡 fvdt

=
tay Saug
, A fsvdA S片
hiay Says
dApecitlume
: . =
=

Vag
=
EX 4 1 .

m =

是 = 8 UA

公
2
⼀

D M

喜
= 0
.

250

管和
⼀ T =
c
v =
air
V = 0
. 1 M
/s P
=
150 kPa

air
98
UHiform 287
eloEity
0 .
.

Pa

=
0 . 5705
mkg
= % 0 .
=

m
1

" ≈
:
000 5
s k8
s
=

305
 4 The equation for control olme
.
2
eneryy a

CCU

* Flow work the work been done

;
by
flurd the
magTnary pistn enering or
leaing C . U .

可 品藏
!
…
… …

:
…

nr ∵
?
逾涵 Befre
enty Afer
… enby
 If fluid
the is
pushed ine
Cu

aced
Force is
thugh diseane
a

PVN
flow FoL P L
= = 时 =
功
wlu
=

SPV
tow =
. dt
= F
V

功
社
lociy
=
P .
t = P .
V 0 m
=

wlune flow ute

per unie mass =

:
W + ow W =
P2
 Peveme

…
ipinimi
=

点⼀“
E ?
For the system energy
w ∴
→

E =
U +
imrtmgz
Now fr the otal
energy
e + po
⼀
=
Utprtirtgz
Flow wirk

= h + ivrtgz
⼀

enthalpy
dE
:

= Qa - Wa t mer - mele TWflow in , - WfHowout

=
Q 00 -

Wo +h ( hit iitgzi) -

Me ( he + efgze )
 +

= Qci ( hit ; gzi) - hete '+gze)

d
Wω Ʃ mi
"

me(
-
+ Ʃ

轨
⼀功 flow TM flow out

Final for of ( st law of Thermodyhamies

2

Defs rotal enthalpy hve = h ti tgE

Aa- Wa t heitt
:

de mihi , ƩMe
.

Ʃ -

= he ,
 . steady
4

state process
Ctransan)
ansteady
3

flow
steady pocess
4 th time
will not
change wτ
⼀
⼀

mass
"∴
mnsman …

區
∴ - →
mass

1 : 00 pm 3 : 00 PM

During a
steady flow pocess , fluid
popertres
may 1 may hot change with positTon
u
The massn
and d
eneryy e
of r
a cr

state remainonstant
steady
.

The fluid propertes at mlet loutee 1

cross

the
bounday reman anstant

=
d
ime
3
dm 0 and 0 and Ʃ mi =

there isonly
If one flow stream and

one stream
leavingthe . C

. M =
Me =
m
 Therefore

Ia tm ( hit θ=+ gEi )

; = m Che + etgze) + Wou

devices
44
. .

steady flow

D Heat exchanger ; a deurefor heat

ttransferfom onemedium to another

* waldbe liqud or
rupor
* No work ( shate wrk . .
) : Ww =
0
 kinetrc erergy aud poental
(

LKE =0
,
OPE =
0

negoced )
eneryy usudlly
Heat transfer Tn heat
most
exchangers
.

is

fm
change in
enthalpy
RB 4 a upor
EX 4 3
.

1 OMPU steldy

感客
.

…
”
0 6 KE GPE

∵ o
assume H
acoss c .
heat

V
trunster

CMsulated)

☆ →
wa
oc o nO Work

w o
50
.
a 54 pas
 Ʃ mi hi = Ʃ me he

Chi
mi ) rt hmwthi ) n =
mi Che ) r tma Chew
wiwatr r .
refrigerint

Fwm Table B ni ( ) r= 441 .

89
kg h )w
( =
42 kJkg
he( ]
r = 249 . 10 Kskg he ) w = 83 95
.

995 89 -
441 .
he
hi
ni
-

: ma =
mo 0
. 2 ,

42 .
00
) w=

=
0 919 kg/
.
s
期中考 Midam 比am

13 (
Monday) 10 : 10 ~
/ 2
=

(
Ch c 4. 4 Heat exchanger )

close book 46% Tunelfase , hore

, …答
{ open
book 60% 新算查表
/

rexebook 台不開放電⼦書
&
Brng ()
,

( )
2
Calculaor
nouboo
or
ipud ,
 V U
② Diffasen
E
noazle
>

…
2

Nozle
,

and = →
- 0
鈥
P 2 cP ,
(升壓器 )
( 喷嘴 )
, 元⼆ diffeser V=

2
cU

> P ,
)

Norzle : ceate a high

elocry fluid stream at

the expense of the fluids pressue

of norzle
Drffuser ;
opposiee a

. OPE
a
ho work Wcv =

-
oKE KTrete enoyy
. litte trunster
or ho heat
r 比 mains
Qo ⽇
 Exampe :

:
π 0
Air
”

ener therocdoet
→
: →

norzle ar is heaed Ʃ= 429 E

,
Vi =

300 号 ;
Mtheambustrm m rokg
/s
=

K
20 000 /
Chamber ②= ,
s

Thust =
?

,
a -

w
w = m
-(h h

, +Ʃ
)
( v =vr ] '
1000
+÷ ]
2

(
→ 20000 =
w[Cp(42 )
- 9 ) V ≥ - 300

300 )
011
V 116 M '
=
/ s Thust = m ( V
2
-V
1 ) = ( -

=
1632 W/
 ③ Thottle valve ( 節流)

熙 Thottle pocess : a fluidflowing

Tn lTne
a
suddeuly enounas
the
→
change
a restrato
valve → tube

diameter ②
steudy KE
D =

③ No work ④ OPE = 0 ⑤ Q =

② ③
⑤ ② ④ ④
'
+

t
。

3
Qoot imi Chit + imelhete gze tia
ti
" gzi )
=
'
)

hi = he pressure drop at cnstant enthalpy prooss ,

may Tnrolnethe phasechange

 Mixingchamber ;
④

mixing
phocess
⑦
②
0

□=
x
⼀
-
mixingnamber =

— → —
—
⼀

⑱ →

exs hot water mixes with cold waer

Ia 0 WW 0
,
OPE = O OKEO

Emi =Ʃ me M , +m =
ms
Fum eneryy balane equatim

s
mih tmho = , -
cmtmi ) hs
⑤
Turbme: a
wtary stlady stale
-

devre

shattwork the of
→

produce at
expense

pressune
CPE

gas turbine Cair)

OKE

[ steamturbTne Iiv
water stlum
ω F

⑥ ampressor ( gas )
TnCreasethe of
pressure
;

a
pump ( 1 Tqurd )
fluid by puttiug in shaft work
OPEe 0
Qno
OKE wFo ( Read EX 4 5 )
.
EX 4 7
.
steam
power plant
- 1 Q 2
P2 = 1 . 9 UPa Stecel
→
—P
rupa = T2 =
2900c

和 OKE

⺟概
T, =
3000 L

w
erts
⼀
OPE

P3 15 kPg h I]

&
3023 5
f 所
= =

③
.

90 %
munser
IC 如 ×s =

⑤ h2 = 3002 . 5打
kg
↓
pump P4 11fKPa
.

h 2301 . 8
Qc kg
=
3 =

Wp =
-
4
Kkg T4 4500
h4
=

188 5 7
kg
=
.

① q h h 3002 5 3023 5 21
Khkg
-

1 2
=
2 , = .
-
. = -

② adidbatiL TurbTne Ecu

hz = h3 + 2 W3 2 W3 = hz -
h3 = 3002 5 .
-

2361 8 .
= 640 .

nkkg
No work Cheat exchanger )
③

3 q4 + h3 =
h4 3 E4 188 5 2361 8
→
= - .

3
2193 KJhoY
= -
.

④ boiler work q h5 h 5q 2831

kg
:
05 + = =
=
,
, ,

5
5
188 -

) →h
Fm pump h4 h5 W4 = 192 -
=
; +
4 5
 4. 6 Transient cunseady) proess

unseady flow pness change with time

⼀

趁
Unsteady
克
c

1000 c
→
1000
Ctempermene )
lcoopm 2000
pm

EX

点⼀世wmimi imolmanaasamkwituin

"
For mass balane Cmenuity equatim )

min omsystem
=
-

mout

+ Ʃ me - Ʃ mi =
ω
( mz -

m ,)
⼀⼀个 nitial
fimal
State
stae

equatim fist law

* F eneyy
.

'
=

Qa tim ; nit(
li
" tgti
)

dE t ime ( ne tie tε ze)

= +ωω
where Ga
= m( utz eqz )
=

"
ftgzyat
d
t
= uz tgE )M
, 2( + 2 2 - m
( u1
 "

tii
'

Qw t rmi ( hi + gz : ) =Ʃ me Che tie tgze )

iPtgE )]
②

+
[m 2 (U 2
+ i tgEz ) -

m, (U . + , +
Ww

First lawfor transiene process

fr →②
unsteady
D
term

Transient proess ?
assumptims ( unifirmflow poess)

p the stace ofthe mass wethinthe

but unifom
changewith
may time
⼀
is
thngh
the entine
W .
② the furdflowatanymot or exit Is

anifrm and
sudy
∴
the fhuid popertres donotchange
with time or
positin at
any coss

sectrm

( If they do f
thhy areherugeddnd
teatedas anstant
)
Read Exampe 4 . 10n extbook