3 and x < B Sate the only integer value of which dors not satiny eth of these inequattis, “Suppose p and g are whole numbers, where > 25. and 4< 10. Find the smallest possible value of p— 9 » Suppose w and 2 are whole numbers, where w < 36 and 2 < 20. Find the largest possible value of w ++. .4 | B | SOLVING LINEAR INEQUALITIES [E2,2] We have previously compared a: mathem: "unbalanced set of scales tical equation toa balanced set of scales. An inequality i ike a o b 3 For example, consider the inequality 32-42 > 7, We let a square represent a and a cirele represent 1 We can carry out the same o sign, but we need t 4 Tinear inequality, we need to maintain the imbatance 1peration on both sid des of the inequality / 3 (© make sure this will \ Hot change its solutions (3)2] erval Inequalities (Ch: Discovery 1 «icon to discover what operations we ean Of these require reversing the inequality sign, From the Discovery, you should have found that when we multiply or divide both sides of ‘an inequality b; «negative number, the inequality is no longer tae r,iltstrate why this occurs, consider the values § and 2 on this number line. 5 is tothe right of 2 on the number fine, so 5>2, Suppose we multiply cach value by —1 niving ~5 and —2, 5 is now to the leff of —2. Th ore, to keep the inequality Correct, we must reverse the inequality sgn, Biving ~5 <2, RULES FOR SOLVING INEQUALITIES ieee We reverse the inequality sign © Itwes mp e LEIS and RES, wo rovers ihe insqualily ‘when multiplying or dividing ae by a negative number! The reverse of > is <, * IP We add (0 or subtract trom both fides. we keep tic! [saan Feverse of > is = inequality sign * If ve multiply or divide both sides by. * 8 positive number we keep the inequality sign * &netative number we reverse the incau ity sign, Example 1 Solve for « and eraph the solution a be {adding 4 t both sides} {ividing both sides by 3} 1 then 34 {subtracting 3 from both sides} Notice the reversal ofthe {dividing both sides by imequality sien when we 50 reverse the divide both sides by — 2 Breck I = 3 then 5 — 95 2x3=-3 and —3<7EXERCISE 35B b 3b< f -4> 16 fh 5k <—30 2 Solve the following inequalities, and show thir solutions on se arate ‘umber lines: a & b 3a-2>8 © da+9<1 a7 © 16478>2 f 3-150 € ins h B25 i -abea 8 Solve for x and graph the solution: gti>4 4 Solve for x and graph the solution: a 7>w-1 b -13.< 3042 d -334~3¢ Example 2 +) Self Tutor Solve for x and graph the solution: a > e+ 7 3-52 > 2047 3-Te>7 {subtracting 2x ftom both sides} ~Te>4 > {subtracting 3 from both sides) 7 {dividing both sides by ~7, so reverse the sign} 5 Solve for 2, and show the solution om a @ 5e-3> 3241 umber line b 2+1>4047 © br © 846 7043 @ 3e41 6 Solve for « @ 3(2+5)<~2 b Ae-4)>245 © 5(2e~3) <4o-8 @ 4(@@—1)> SHE ers ; © 23-2) <2 f 3(e+2)> Inequalities (Chapter 35 The Puyrapter 35) 2a Find the largest inte 12 ‘Find the smallest integer which satisfies | ar44>30 a & Find the imteger values of x which satisfy buh 2€48 Discussion ea £ Ty to solve the quadratic inequality © Can you solve quads +50 <1, nite inequalities in the same way you solve quadrati equations? ally need a complete graph of a function. We only 2670, oF undefined. Consider this graph of y= f(x) We use a solid line © is zero, and a dashed line (0 indicate where the Function is undefined The corresponding sign i liagram is Rite examples areas, Notice that Inequalities (Chapter 35) * when a linear fictor has an odd power there is a change of sign about that zero * when a linear factor has an even power there is no sign change about that zero. Example 3 Draw a sign diagram for: @ (@4+5)(2—2) @ (@+5)(x—2) has critical values —5 and 2 We ty any number > 2: When = 10, we have (15)(8) >0, so we The factors are single, so the signs alternate, EXERCISE 35C 1 Draw a sign diagram for each graph: 4) Self Tutor (2? +4244) (e+2)? ~(©+2)? has critical value When 2 = 10-we have 12? <0, $0 we pu A squated factor indicates no change of. about the critical value.Inequalities (Chapter 38) _ ww 2 Dawa sgn dag x | © (@43}e=1) » © 2645) g 4 (420-9) ° (e—1(4—2) ° j & (3—2)(1- 22) bh U @+ay? ong ae 1 te 3) k ~@e-2) 1 ep 3 Draw a sign diagram for 16 b 1 dr? 4r43 ° € 3c? h 1 -6r49 k Example 4 n the sign diagram alongside, describe where the we pat functic ——L positive non-negative, rge of a The function is positive where its value is > 0. This occurs for 1<2<3 or e>6, : The function is non-negative where its value is positive or zero, so the function is > 0. This occurs for LS 2r<3 or w>6, We do not nctude 3 here because the | Function is undeined at 2 = 3, a 4 Deseribe where the functions with these sign diagrams are: er i positive HW non-negative iH negative iv non-positive. fe) | | | * take the same form as quadratic eq Quadratic inequiative quations except they contain an inequality sign \ Tisiend of <4, 22 While gu ution 0, and 2? — 42> 21 are examples of quadratic inequalities | ‘ons have 0, 1, or 2 solutions, quadratic inequalities may have 0, 1, or in itely many tadratic equatInequa Te solve quadratic inequalities, we follow these steps Step 1: Make the RHS zer0 by shifting all terms o the LHS. Step 2: Fully factorise the LHS, ‘Step 3: Draw a sign diagram for the LHS, Step 4s” Determine the set of solutions from the sign diagram, Example 5 14) Self Tutor Solve for a: a isrei b a?44> ap +5e <4 w+ 52—14<0 {making RUS zero} (+ Me~2)<0 fully factorising LHS) Sign disgram of LHS is jy) - ++. The inequality is true for —7 < b P+4> <4 Pde +430 {making RHS zero} (42/730 {fully factorising LHS} i + ign diagram of LHS is. tts Sign diagram of LHS L . The LHS is always > 0, so the inequality is true for all real « EXERCISE 35D 2 a Drawa sign dia weram for 2? 2 — 6, b Hence, solve for V2+e-6>0 HW at+2-6>0 mM area 6<0 Ww 2 Solve for « @ (t~1)@-3) <9 @ (2x +3)(4—2) x0 3 Solve for « b (e+2)(e—4)>0 -3 >0 © (@+1)(e—2)50 f (+5 <0 a 22239 d 3 <12 +d2—5>0 +80 < 28 20-44) + (Chapter 38)hapter 35) Inequalities (Chapter 35) _ = as a ‘number ine: 2 +18 > 90 © 3c? 52-239 | 4 Solve for 2, and show the solutions on @ 2-22-15 <0 b @ br <12~202 f G0r(r~1) <2 43 : Bet, - [E2,2] For inequalities which are algebraically, we can estimate examining a graph, difficult or impossible to solve the solutions by For example, o solve f(x) = 92), we graph the values of a for which = f(x) and y Gz) on the same set of axes. We find = fle) is above y = g(x), Example 6 +4) Self Tutor Solve for «: | a 5-2r-z2 <9 aa Fare Aico. 2704 The graph is below the « 2<-3.45 of > 1.45 3+ is above y= 2" when 2.86 <2 < 2.44 EXERCISE 35E 2 The graph of f(x) = 3 @ Use your calculator to find the coordinates of A, B, and C, ale) b Solve for » 1 is shown alongside. 2 a Us b Your calelator to hep sketch fe) = ye 4 g State the domain of F(x) © Solve the inequality = —qualities (Chapter 35) 3 a Sketch the graph of f(x) Find the equa © Solve f(x) <0. 4 Solve br +6>0 e 2 4 3-530 oF 259 # VeFB—o5 <0 5 @ Sketch the graphs of F(z) =2 and 9(x) = 2? on the same set of axes. b> Find the poins of intersection ofthe geoph © Solve for 2 ae>r43 b 3 >2 6 2? >2 ae 8 Sge4d ‘| 7 Solve fora @ sin2r> 0461 for OF 2 points within ® have since all coordinates which are more than 3 To illustrate this re on we shade o makes it easier to identf nut all unwanted points. This . fy the required region @ when several * o) ‘region, as R is the region left unshaded.hhapter 38) 0 ane, ities (Ch Ie wsea solid boundary ine to indicat that points on the oundary are wanted, {F the boundary is unwanted, we use a dashed bounda ry line For example, to ill lustrate the region specified by 2 and 1d the side the region on and tothe lef of the line 2, and the region on and below the line y=4. The te completely unshaded isthe region specified by The lines @ = 2 and y boundaties are not inelud R eh e>2 and y>4 4 are dashed, which indicates the ed in the region, Example 7 ‘Wale Inequalities to represen the following unshaded regions a ty b a a «<0 and y 6} ‘OU notice about these points? ?? What do you notice about these points?You should have disco All points sats To find the regi the inequality, The Example 8 Graph 32 — dys 19 The boundary tine included in the region If We substitute (, 0) We obtain 0s 1 (0,0) does not tie The ineg ality cortespo which is below the line EXERCISE 35¢ satistying ax 4. ion which corre 30 ~ dy = 12 2 which is false overed that fying. a+ by <4 lie on one side by>d lic on the other side ) into in the region, onds to the region 4 Be dy = 19, OF the line ae + by =, and all points y= 12 ® the required region‘Chapter 3 ies_(Chapter 35) oints lary line into If Tutor 5 Write an inequality ee a a 18 2 Graph the region defined by b r>-1 ye e 05 © Sr 42 <6 d 2+ 3y>6 © 2 -By<12 f Sr42y>10 @ 2w—5y<-10 h de t3y<6 I 4r—3y > 12 Jy2s k : I 2e+5y>0 4 Graph the region defined by. a c>0 and y>2 bo c<-2 and yoa 20, y20, and r+y2, y>0, and rt+y>6 ex 20, y>0, and 2w+y <6 fr>0, and 2r-+ 3y > 12 Example 9 +) Self Tutor ‘Write an inequality to represent the unshaded region be ~ 2y=—10 Py | S0|aeertees, | | ‘The boundary has equation 52 ~2y = ~10, and is included in ] Substituting (0, 0), 52 2y=0. since 0 > 10 and he origin is ouside R, R is defined by 5x 2y <~10, (o represent the unshaded region& Write down inequalities which represent the unshaded ty (10,10) Graph the region 3 defined by y 7 List the poimts in $@ which have integer coordinates. Graph the region ® defined by > 1, 242y< 10, x—y Find the minimum and maximum values of y in the req & Answer the Opening Problem on page 613, assuming postive x is e and positive y is north, Review set 35A 1 Solve for a 3r+1 © 3(e+2)-1¢ @ Solve the inequality §~3>-5 and display the sotution on number line, P Sette the Ieequally © —8( +42) 5.1 and dapay tho eotuion on» aunbseithl © Find the values of « which satisfy bork inequalities, 4 Find the smallest integer which saisties Sie+7 > 2 ~ 19, 5 Draw sign diagram for @ (@+4)(2—1)(Chapter © Solve for 2 @ (r4.2)(0 46) « ? +52 > 96 T Solve’ 425442) > 3-46, and show the sotution on a number fine 8 Use technology to solve. a sr 4<0 b a 442-139 Write inequalities which represent the Uunshaded region a b e 9 w+ Ie < 6224.5 3 7 zeae | 10 @ Graph the region b defined by a > 0, List the points in 3 which have ¥>0, oh 2 < 12, integer coordinates and which also s satisfy yey | | Review set 358 41 Solve for x a 8-2< 1 2 Solve the following inequalities: @ 32739 b 232.4 3 @ Draw a sign diagram for 202 b Hence solve 2 16x +32 ? — 162 +32 > 0. 4 Solve tor a: a 2? 22 +35 >0 b B®) Seve a(x +6) < 27, 6 (@+5)6~2) <9 6) <5: > and show the solution on a number line a @ Sketch the gra "i er iphs of f(x) = ae b Hence solve 42 —5 5 and 9(2) = 29 — (on the same set of B® Skeich the graph of f( (2) = log(a? +244) — 1 t+4)—~1<0, © Find the values of & such that b Hence solve log(a? + loglet +244) =1 a, y > Find the maximum value of in the regio 0, e~ay>