4

Determinants
Short Answer Type Questions
x2 - x + 1 x - 1
Q. 1
x +1 x +1
x2 - x + 1 x - 1 x 2 - 2x + 2 x - 1
Sol. We have, = [Q C1 ® C1 - C 2 ]
x+1 x+1 0 x +1
= (x 2 - 2 x + 2 ) × (x + 1) - (x - 1) × 0
= x 3 - 2x 2 + 2x + x 2 - 2x + 2
= x3 - x2 + 2

a+x y z
Q. 2 x a + y z
x y a+z
a+ x y z a -a 0
é Q R1 ® R1 - R 2 ù
Sol. We have, x a+ y z = 0 a -a êand R ® R - R ú
ë 2 2 3û
x y a+ z x y a+ z
a 0 0
= 0 a -a [Q C 2 ® C 2 + C1 ]
x x + y a+ z
= a (a2 + az + ax + ay)
= a2 (a + z + x + y)
 0 xy 2 xz 2
Q. 3 x2 y 0 yz 2
x2 z zy 2 0

0 xy2 xz2 0 x x
2
Sol. We have, x y 0 yz2 = x 2 y2 z2 y 0 y
x 2 z zy2 0 z z 0
[taking x 2 , y2 and z2 common from C1, C 2 and C 3 , respectively]
0 0 x
= x 2 y2 z2 y - y y [Q C 2 ® C 2 - C 3 ]
z z 0
= x 2 y2 z2 [x ( yz + yz)]
= x 2 y2 z2 × 2 xyz = 2 x 3 y3 z3

3x -x + y -x + z
Q. 4 x - y 3y z-y
x-z y -z 3z
3x -x + y -x + z
Sol. We have, x- y 3y z- y
x - z y- z 3z
Applying, C1 ® C1 + C 2 + C 3 ,
x + y + z -x + y -x + z
= x + y+ z 3y z- y
x + y+ z y- z 3z
1 -x + y -x + z
= (x + y + z) 1 3y z- y
1 y- z 3z
[taking (x + y + z) common from column C1]
1 -x + y -x + z
= (x + y + z) 0 2 y + x x - y
0 x - z 2z + x
[Q R 2 ® R 2 - R1 and R 3 ® R 3 - R1 ]
Now, expanding along first column, we get
(x + y + z) × 1 [(2 y + x ) (2 z + x ) - (x - y) (x - z)]
= (x + y + z) (4 yz + 2 yx + 2 xz + x 2 - x 2 + xz + yx - yz )
= (x + y + z) (3 yz + 3 yx + 3xz)
= 3 (x + y + z)( yz + yx + xz)
 x +4 x x
Q. 5 x x + 4 x
x x x +4
x+ 4 x x 2x + 4 2x + 4 2x
Sol. We have, x x+ 4 x = x x+ 4 x [Q R1 ® R1 + R 2 ]
x x x+ 4 x x x+ 4
2x 2x 2x 4 4 0
= x x+ 4 x + x x+ 4 x
x x x+ 4 x x x+ 4
[here, given determinant is expressed in sum of two determinants]
1 1 1 1 1 0
= 2x x x + 4 x + 4 x x+ 4 x
x x x+ 4 x x x+ 4
[taking 2x common from first row of first determinant and 4 from first row of second
determinant]
Applying C1 ® C1 - C 3 and C 2 ® C 2 - C 3 in first and applying C1 ® C1 - C 2 in second, we
get
0 0 1 0 1 0
= 2x 0 4 x + 4 -4 x+ 4 x
-4 -4 x+ 4 0 x x+ 4
Expanding both the along first column, we get
2 x [- 4 (- 4)] + 4 [4 (x + 4 - 0)]
= 2 x ´ 16 + 16 (x + 4)
= 32 x + 16x + 64
= 16 (3x + 4)

a -b -c 2a 2a
Q. 6 2b b -c -a 2b
2c 2c c -a -b
Sol. Wehave, a - b - c 2a 2a
2b b-c - a 2b
2c 2c c-a-b
a+ b+c a+ b+c a+ b+c
= 2b b-c - a 2b [Q R1 ® R1 + R 2 + R 3 ]
2c 2c c-a-b
1 1 1
= (a + b + c ) 2 b b - c - a 2b
2c 2c c-a-b
[taking (a + b + c )common from the first row]
0 0 1
= (a + b + c ) 0 - (a + b + c ) 2b
(a + b + c ) (a + b + c ) ( c - a - b)
[Q C1 ® C1 - C 3 and C 2 ® C 2 - C 3 ]
 Expanding along R1,
= (a + b + c ) [1{0 + (a + b + c 2 }]
= (a + b + c ) [(a + b + c )2 ]
= (a + b + c )3

y 2z2 yz y +z
Q. 7 z 2 x 2 zx z + x =0
x2 y 2 xy x+y

Sol. We have to prove,

y2 z2 yz y + z
z2 x 2 zx z + x = 0
x 2 y2 xy x + y
y2 z2 yz y + z x y2 z2 x yz x y + x z
1
\ LHS = z2 x 2 zx z + x = x 2 yz2 x yz yz + x y
xyz 2 2
x 2 y2 xy x + y x y z x yz x z + yz
[Q R1 ® x R1, R 2 ® y R 2 , R 3 ® z R 3 ]
yz 1 x y + x z
1
= (x yz)2 x z 1 yz + x y
x yz
x y 1 x z + yz
[taking (xyz) common from C1 and C 2 ]
yz 1 xy + yz + zx
= xyz xz 1 xy + yz + zx [C 3 ® C 3 + C1 ]
xy 1 xy + yz + zx
yz 1 1
= xyz (xy + yz + zx ) xz 1 1
xy 1 1
[taking (x y + yz + zx ) common from C 3 ]
=0 [since, C 2 and C 3 are identicals]
= RHS Hence proved.

y +z z y
Q. 8 z z+x x = 4 xyz
y x x+y
K Thinking Process
First in LHS use C 1® C 1 + C2 + C3 and then by using C 1® C 1 - C2 and R1® R1 - R3 , we
can get two zeroes in column 1 and then by simplification we will get the desired result.
Sol. We have to prove,
y+ z z y
z z+ x x = 4 x yz
y x x+ y
 y+ z z y
\ LHS = z z+ x x
y x x+ y
y+ z+ z+ y z y
= z+ z+ x + x z+ x x [Q C1 ® C1 + C 2 + C 3 ]
y+ x + x + y x x+ y
( y + z) z y
= 2 (z + x) z + x x [taking 2 common from C1]
(x + y) x x+ y
y z y
=2 0 z+ x x [Q C1 ® C1 - C 2 ]
y x x+ y
0 z-x -x
=2 0 z+ x x [Q R1 ® R1 - R 3 ]
y x x+ y
= 2 [ y(x z - x 2 + x z + x 2 )]
= 4x yz = RHS Hence proved.

a 2 + 2a 2a + 1 1
Q. 9 2a + 1 a + 2 1 = (a - 1) 3
3 3 1

K Thinking Process
Here, by using R1® R1 - R2 and R2 ® R2 - R3 in LHS, we can easily get the desired result.
Sol. We have to prove,
a2 + 2 a 2 a + 1 1
= 2 a + 1 a + 2 1 = (a - 1)3
3 3 1
a2 + 2 a 2 a + 1 1
\ LHS = 2 a + 1 a + 2 1
3 3 1
a2 + 2 a - 2 a - 1 2 a + 1 - a - 2 0
= 2a + 1 - 3 a+2-3 0
3 3 1
[Q R1 ® R1 - R 2 and R 2 ® R 2 - R 3 ]
(a - 1) (a + 1) (a - 1) 0 (a + 1) 1 0
= 2 (a - 1) (a - 1) 0 = (a - 1)2 2 1 0
3 3 1 3 3 1
[taking (a - 1) common from R1 and R 2 each]
= (a - 1)2 [1 (a + 1) - 2 ] = (a - 1)3
= RHS Hence proved.
 1 cos C cos B
Q. 10 If A + B + C = 0, then prove that cos C 1 cos A = 0.
cos B cos A 1
K Thinking Process
We have, given A + B + C = 0, so on solving the determinant by expansion, we can use
cos (A + B) = cos (- C) and similarly after simplification this expansion we will get the
desired result.
1 cos C cos B
Sol. We have to prove, cos C 1 cos A = 0
cos B cos A 1
1 cos C cos B
\ LHS = cos C 1 cos A
cos B cos A 1
= 1 (1 - cos 2 A) - cos C (cos C - cos A × cos B) + cos B (cos C × cos A - cos B)
= sin2 A - cos 2 C + cos A × cos B × cos C + cos A × cos B × cos C - cos 2 B
= sin2 A - cos 2 B + 2 cos A × cos B × cos C - cos 2 C
= - cos ( A + B) × cos ( A - B) + 2 cos A × cos B × cos C - cos 2 C
[Q cos 2 B - sin2 A = cos ( A + B) × cos ( A - B)]
= - cos (- C ) × cos ( A - B) + cos C (2 cos A × cos B - cos C ) [Q cos (- q) = cos q]
= - cos C (cos A × cos B + sin A × sin B - 2 cos A × cos B + cos C )
= cos C (cos A × cos B - sin A × sin B - cos C )
= cos C [cos ( A + B) - cos C ]
= cos C (cos C - cos C ) = 0 = RHS Hence proved.

Q. 11 If the coordinates of the vertices of an equilateral triangle with sides

of length ‘a’ are (x 1 , y 1 ),(x2 , y 2 ) and (x 3 , y 3 ), then
2
x1 y1 1
3a 4
x2 y2 1 = .
4
x3 y3 1
Sol. Since, we know that area of a triangle with vertices (x1, y1 ), (x 2 , y2 ) and (x 3 , y3 ), is given by
x1 y1 1
1
D= x 2 y2 1
2
x 3 y3 1
2
x1 y1 1
2 1
Þ D = x2 y2 1 ...(i)
4
x3 y3 1
We know that, area of an equilateral triangle with side a,
1 æ 3ö 2 3 2
D = çç ÷a = a
2 è 2 ÷ø 4
3 4
Þ D2 = a ...(ii)
16
 2
x1 y1 1
3 4 1
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), a = x2 y2 1
16 4
x3 y3 1
2
x1 y1 1
3 4
Þ x2 y2 1 = a Hence proved.
4
x3 y3 1

é 1 1 sin 3 q ù
Q. 12 Find the value of q satisfying ê - 4 3 cos 2 q úú = 0
ê

êë 7 - 7 - 2 úû
1 1 sin 3 q
Sol. We have, -4 3 cos 2 q = 0
7 -7 -2
0 1 sin 3 q
Þ -7 3 cos 2 q = 0 [Q C1 ® C1 - C 2 ]
14 - 7 -2
0 1 sin 3 q
Þ 7 -1 3 cos 2 q = 0 [taking 7 common from C1]
2 -7 -2
Þ 7 [0 - 1 ( 2 - 2 cos 2 q) + sin 3 q (7 - 6)] = 0 [expanding along R1]
Þ 7 [- 2 (1 - cos 2 q) + sin 3 q] = 0
Þ - 14 + 14 cos 2 q + 7 sin 3 q = 0
Þ 14 cos 2 q + 7 sin 3 q = 14
Þ 14 (1 - 2 sin2 q) + 7 (3 sin q - 4 sin3 q) = 14
Þ - 28 sin2 q + 14 + 21sin q - 28 sin3 q = 14
Þ - 28 sin2 q - 28 sin3 q + 21sin q = 0
Þ 28 sin3 q + 28 sin2 q - 21sin q = 0
Þ 4 sin3 q + 4 sin2 q - 3 sin q = 0
Þ sin q (4 sin2 q + 4 sin q - 3) = 0
Þ Either sin q = 0,
Þ q = np or 4 sin2 q + 4 sin q - 3 = 0
-4± 16 + 48 - 4 ± 64
\ sin q = =
8 8
- 4 ± 8 4 - 12
= = ,
8 8 8
1 -3
sin q = ,
2 2
1 p
If sin q = = sin , then
2 6
p
q = n p + (- 1)n
6
-3
Hence, sin q = [not possible because - 1 £ sin q £ 1]
2
 é4 - x 4 + x 4 + x ù
Q. 13 If êê4 + x 4 - x 4 + x úú = 0, then find the value of x.
êë4 + x 4 + x 4 - x úû
4-x 4+ x 4+ x
Sol. Given, 4+ x 4-x 4+ x =0
4+ x 4+ x 4-x

12 + x 12 + x 12 + x
Þ 4+ x 4-x 4+ x =0 [Q R1 ® R1 + R 2 + R 3 ]
4+ x 4+ x 4-x
1 1 1
Þ (12 + x ) 4 + x 4-x 4+ x =0 [taking (12 + x ) common from R1]
4+ x 4+ x 4-x
0 0 1
Þ (12 + x ) 0 8 4+ x =0 [Q C1 ® C1 - C 3 and C 2 ® C 2 + C 3 ]
2x 8 4-x
Þ (12 + x ) [1× (- 16x )] = 0
Þ (12 + x ) (- 16x ) = 0
\ x = - 12, 0

Q. 14 If a 1 , a2 , a 3 , ..., a r are in GP, then prove that the determinant

ar + 1 ar + 5 ar + 9
a r + 7 a r + 11 a r + 15 is independent of r.
a r + 11 a r + 17 a r + 21

K Thinking Process
We know that, nth term of a GP has value arn - 1, where a = first term and r = common
ratio. So, by using this result, we can prove the given determinant as independent of r.
Sol. We know that, ar +1 = AR (r + 1) - 1
= AR r
where r = r th term of a GP, A = First term of a GP and R = Common ratio of GP
ar + 1 ar + 5 ar + 9
We have, ar + 7 ar + 11 ar + 15
ar + 11 ar + 17 ar + 21

AR r AR r + 4 AR r + 8
= AR r + 6 AR r + 10 AR r + 14
AR r + 10 AR r + 16 AR r + 20

1 AR 4 AR 8
r + 6 r + 10
r
= AR × AR × AR 1 AR 4 AR 8
1 AR 6 AR10
+ 6 + 10
[taking AR r , AR r and AR r common from R1, R 2 and R 3 , respectively]
= 0 [since, R1 and R 2 are identicals]
Q. 15 Show that the points (a + 5, a - 4), (a - 2, a + 3) and (a, a) do not lie on
a straight line for any value of a.
K Thinking Process
We know that, if three points lie in a straight line, then area formed by these points will
be equal to zero. So, by showing area formed by these points other than zero, we can
prove the result.
Sol. Given, the points are (a + 5, a - 4), (a - 2, a + 3) and (a, a).
a+ 5 a-4 1
1
\ D= a-2 a+ 3 1
2
a a 1
5 -4 0
1
=
-2 3 0 [Q R1 ® R1 - R 3 and R 2 ® R 2 - R 3 ]
2
a a 1
1
= [1 (15 - 8)]
2
7
Þ = ¹0
2
Hence, given points form a triangle i.e., points do not lie in a straight line.

Q. 16 Show that DABC is an isosceles triangle, if the determinant

1 1 1
D= 1 + cos A 1 + cos B 1 + cos C = 0.
2 2 2
cos A + cos A cos B + cos B cos C + cos C
1 1 1
Sol. We have, D = 1 + cos A 1 + cos B 1 + cos C =0
cos 2 A + cos A cos 2 B + cos B cos 2 C + cosC
0 0 1
D= cos A - cos C cos B - cos C 1 + cos C =0
cos 2 A + cos A - cos 2 C - cos C cos 2 B + cos B - cos 2 C - cos C cos 2 C + cos C
[\ C1 ® C1 - C 3 and C 2 ® C 2 - C 3 ]
Þ (cos A - cos C ) × (cos B - cos C )
0 0 1
1 1 1 + cos C =0
cos A + cos C + 1 cos B + cos C + 1 cos 2 C + cos C
[taking (cos A - cos C ) common from C1 and (cos B - cos C ) common from C 2 ]
Þ (cos A - cos C ) × (cos B - cos C ) [(cos B + cos C + 1) - (cos A + cos C + 1)] = 0
Þ (cos A - cos C ) × (cos B - cos C ) (cos B + cos C + 1 - cos A - cos C - 1) = 0
Þ (cos A - cos C ) × (cos B - cos C ) (cos B - cos A) = 0
i.e., cos A = cos C or cos B = cos C or cos B = cos A
Þ A = C or B = C or B = A
Hence, ABC is an isosceles triangle.
 0 1 1
A 2 - 3I
Q. 17 Find A , if A = 1 0 1 and show that A - 1 =
-1
.
2
1 1 0
0 1 1
Sol. We have, A= 1 0 1
1 1 0

\ A11 = - 1, A12 = 1, A13 = 1, A21 = 1, A22 = - 1, A23 = 1, A31 = 1, A32 = 1 and A33 = - 1
T
-1 1 1 -1 1 1
\ adj A = 1 - 1 1 = 1 -1 1
1 1 -1 1 1 -1
and | A| = - 1 (- 1) + 1× 1 = 2
é- 1 1 1ù
adj A 1 ê
\ A- 1 = = 1 -1 1ú ...(i)
| A| 2 ê ú
êë 1 1 - 1úû
é 0 1 1ù é 0 1 1ù é2 1 1ù
and A = ê 1 0 1ú × ê 1 0 1ú = ê 1 2 1ú
2
...(ii)
ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë 1 1 0úû êë 1 1 0úû êë 1 1 2 úû
ì2 1 1 3 0 0ü -1 1 1
A2 - 3 I 1 ï ï 1
\ = í 1 2 1 - 0 3 0ý= 1 -1 1
2 2ï 2
î 1 1 2 0 0 3 ïþ 1 1 -1
= A- 1 [using Eq. (i)]
Hence proved.

Long Answer Type Questions

1 2 0
Q. 18 If A = - 2 - 1 - 2 , then find the value of A -1 .
0 -1 1
Using A -1 , solve the system of linear equations x - 2 y = 10,
2x - y - z = 8 and - 2 y + z = 7.
1 2 0
Sol. We have, A= -2 -1 -2 ...(i)
0 -1 1
\ A = 1 (- 3) - 2 (-2 ) + 0 = 1 ¹ 0
Now, A11 = - 3, A12 = 2, A13 = 2, A21 = - 2, A22 = 1, A23 = 1, A31 = - 4, A32 = 2 and A33 = 3
T
-3 2 2 -3 -2 -4
\ adj ( A) = - 2 1 1 = 2 1 2
-4 2 3 2 1 3
 adj A
\ A -1 =
| A|
-3 -2 -4
1
= 2 1 2
1
2 1 3
-3 -2 -4
Þ A- 1 = 2 1 2 ...(ii)
2 1 3
Also, we have the system of linear equations as
x - 2 y = 10,
2x - y - z = 8
and - 2y + z = 7
In the form of CX = D,
é1 2 0 ù é x ù é 10 ù
ê 2 - 1 - 1ú ê y ú = ê 8 ú
ê úê ú ê ú
êë 0 - 2 1 úû êë z úû êë 7 úû
é1 - 2 0ù é xù é 10ù
where, C = ê2 - 1 - 1ú, X = ê y ú and D = ê 8 ú
ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë 0 - 2 1 úû êë z úû êë 7 úû
T -1 -1 T
We know that, (A ) = (A )
1 2 0
\ CT = - 2 - 1 - 2 = A [using Eq. (i)]
0 -1 1
\ X = C- 1 D
é x ù é - 3 2 2 ù é 10ù
Þ ê y ú = ê - 2 1 1ú ê 8 ú
ê ú ê úê ú
êë z úû êë - 4 2 3úû êë 7 úû
é - 30 + 16 + 14ù é 0ù
= ê - 20 + 8 + 7 ú =ê - 5ú
ê ú
ê ú
êë - 40 + 16 + 21úû
êë - 3úû
\ x = 0, y = - 5 and z = - 3

Q. 19 Using matrix method, solve the system of equations 3x + 2 y - 2z = 3,

x + 2 y + 3z = 6 and 2x - y + z = 2.
K Thinking Process
We know that, for given system of equations in the matrix form, we get AX = B Þ X = A- 1 B,
adj (A)
where A- 1 = and then by getting inverse of A and determinant of A, we can get
| A|
the desired result.
Sol. Given system of equations is
3x + 2 y - 2 z = 3,
x + 2 y + 3z = 6
and 2x - y + z = 2
 In the form of AX = B,
é 3 2 - 2 ù é x ù é3 ù
ê1 2 3 ú ê yú = ê6 ú
ê úê ú ê ú
êë 2 - 1 1 úû ëê z úû êë2 úû
For A - 1, | A| = |3 (5) - 2 (1 - 6) + (- 2 )(- 5)|
= |15 + 10 + 10| =|35| ¹ 0
\ A11 = 5, A12 = 5, A13 = - 5, A21 = 0, A22 = 7, A23 = 7, A31 = 10, A32 = - 11 and A33 = 4

T
5 5 -5 5 0 10
\ adj A = 0 7 7 = 5 7 -11
10 - 11 4 -5 7 4
5 0 10
adj A 1
Now, A- 1 = = 5 7 - 11
| A| 35
-5 7 4
For X = A - 1B,
éx ù é 5 0 10 ù é 3ù
ê y ú = 1 ê 5 7 - 11ú ê 6ú
ê ú 35 ê úê ú
êë z úû êë - 5 7 4 úû êë2 úû
é 15 + 20 ù é 35ù é 1ù
1 ê 1 ê ú
= 15 + 42 - 22 ú = 35 = ê 1ú
35 ê ú 35 ê ú ê ú
êë - 15 + 42 + 8úû êë 35úû êë 1úû
\ x = 1, y = 1 and z = 1

2 2 -4 1 -1 0
Q. 20 If A = - 4 2 - 4 and B = 2 3 4 , then find BA and use this
2 -1 5 0 1 2
to solve the system of equations y + 2z = 7, x - y = 3 and
2x + 3 y + 4 z = 17.
2 2 -4 1 -1 0
Sol. We have, A = -4 2 -4 and B = 2 3 4
2 -1 5 0 1 2
1 -1 0 2 2 -4 6 0 0
\ BA = 2 3 4 -4 2 -4 = 0 6 0 = 6 I
0 1 2 2 -1 5 0 0 6
2 2 -4
A 1 1
\ B-1 = = A= -4 2 - 4 ...(i)
6 6 6
2 -1 5
Also, x - y = 3, 2 x + 3 y + 4 z = 17 and y + 2 z = 7
é 1 -1 0ù é x ù é 3 ù
Þ ê 2 3 4ú ê y ú = ê 17 ú
ê úê ú ê ú
êë 0 1 2 úû êë z úû êë 7 úû
 -1
é x ù é 1 -1 0ù é 3 ù
\ ê y ú = ê 2 3 4ú ê 17 ú
ê ú ê ú ê ú
êë z úû êë 0 1 2 úû êë 7 úû
é 2 2 -4 ù é 3 ù
1
= ê -4 2 -4 ú ê 17 ú [using Eq. (i)]
6ê úê ú
êë 2 -1 5 úû êë 7 úû
é 6 + 34 - 28 ù é 12 ù é 2ù
1 1
= ê -12 + 34 - 28ú = ê -6ú = ê -1ú
6ê ú 6ê ú ê ú
êë 6 - 17 + 35 úû êë 24 úû êë 4 úû
\ x = 2, y = -1 and z = 4

a b c
Q. 21 If a + b + c ¹ 0 and b c a = 0 , then prove that a = b = c.
c a b

a b c
Sol. Let A= b c a
c a b
a+ b+c a+ b+c a+ b+c
= b c a [Q R1 ® R1 + R 2 + R 3 ]
c a b

1 1 1
= (a + b + c ) b c a
c a b
0 0 1
= (a + b + c ) b - a c - a a [Q C1 ® C1 - C 3 and C 2 ® C 2 - C 3 ]
c-b a-b b
Expanding along R1,
= (a + b + c ) [1 (b - a) (a - b ) - (c - a) (c - b ) ]
= (a + b + c ) (ba - b 2 - a2 + ab - c 2 + cb + ac - ab )
-1
= (a + b + c ) ´ (-2 ) (- a2 - b 2 - c 2 + ab + bc + ca)
2
-1
= (a + b + c )[a2 + b 2 + c 2 - 2 ab - 2 bc - 2c a + a2 + b 2 + c 2 ]
2
1
= - (a + b + c ) [a2 + b 2 - 2 ab + b 2 + c 2 - 2 bc + c 2 + a2 - 2 ac ]
2
-1
= (a + b + c ) [(a - b )2 + (b - c )2 + (c - a)2 ]
2
Also, A=0
-1
= (a + b + c ) [(a - b )2 + (b - c )2 + (c - a)2 ] = 0
2
(a - b )2 + (b - c )2 + (c - a)2 = 0 [Q a + b + c ¹ 0, given ]
Þ a- b= b-c =c - a= 0
a= b=c Hence proved.
 bc - a 2 ca - b 2 ab - c 2
Q. 22 Prove that ca - b 2 ab - c 2 bc - a 2 is divisible by (a + b + c ) and
ab - c 2 bc - a 2 ca - b 2
find the quotient.
bc - a2 ca - b 2 ab - c 2
Sol. Let D = ca - b 2 ab - c 2 bc - a2
ab - c 2 bc - a2 ca - b 2

bc - a2 - ca + b 2 ca - b 2 - ab + c 2 ab - c 2
= ca - b 2 - ab + c 2 ab - c 2 - bc + a2 bc - a2
ab - c 2 - bc + a2 bc - a2 - ca + b 2 ca - b 2
[Q C1 ® C1 - C 2 and C 2 ® C 2 - C 3 ]
(b - a) (a + b + c ) (c - b ) (a + b + c ) ab - c 2
= (c - b ) (a + b + c ) (a - c ) (a + b + c ) bc - a2
(a - c ) (a + b + c ) (b - a) (a + b + c ) ca - b 2

b - a c - b ab - c 2
= (a + b + c )2 c - b a - c bc - a2
a - c b - a ca - b 2
[taking (a + b + c ) common from C1 and C 2 each]
0 0 ab + bc + ca - (a2 + b 2 + c 2 )
2
= (a + b + c ) c - b a - c bc - a2
a-c b- a ca - b 2
[Q R1 ® R1 + R 2 + R 3 ]
Now, expanding along R1,
= (a + b + c )2 [ab + bc + ca - (a2 + b 2 + c 2 )](c - b ) (b - a) - (a - c )2 ]
= (a + b + c )2 (ab + bc + ca - a2 - b 2 - c 2 )
(cb - ac - b 2 + ab - a2 - c 2 + 2 ac )
2 2 2 2
= (a + b + c ) (a + b + c - ab - bc - ca)
(a2 + b 2 + c 2 - ac - ab - bc )
1
= (a + b + c ) [(a + b + c ) (a2 + b 2 + c 2 - ab - bc - ca)]
2
[(a - b )2 + (b - c )2 + (c - a)2 ]
1
= (a + b + c ) (a3 + b 3 + c 3 - 3 abc ) [(a - b )2 + (b - c )2 + (c - a)2 ]
2
Hence, given determinant is divisible by (a + b + c ) and quotient is
(a3 + b 3 + c 3 - 3 abc ) [(a - b )2 + (b - c )2 + (c - a)2 ].
 xa yb zc a b c
Q. 23 If x + y + z = 0, then prove that yc za xb = xyz c a b .
zb xc ya b c a
K Thinking Process
We have, given x + y + z = 0 Þ x3 + y3 + z3 = 3 xyz. So, by using this in solving the given
determinant from both the sides, we can equate the obtained result from both the sides
to desired result.
Sol. Since, x + y + z = 0 , also we have to prove
xa yb zc a b c
yc za x b = xyz c a b
zb x c ya b c a
xa yb zc
\ LHS = yc za xb
zb xc ya
= x a ( za × ya - x b × x c ) - yb ( yc × ya - x b × zb ) + zc ( yc × xc - za × zb )
= x a (a2 yz - x 2 bc ) - yb ( y2 ac - b 2 xz) + zc (c 2 xy - z2 ab )
= x yza3 - x 3 abc - y3 abc + b 3 x yz + c 3 x yz - z3 abc
= x yz (a3 + b 3 + c 3 ) - abc (x 3 + y3 + z3 )
= x yz (a3 + b 3 + c 3 ) - abc (3 x yz)
[Q x + y + z = 0 Þ x 3 + y3 + z3 - 3xyz]
= x yz (a3 + b 3 + c 3 - 3 abc ) ...(i)
a b c a+ b+c b c
Now, RHS = x yz c a b = x yz a + b + c a b [Q C1 ® C1 + C 2 + C 3 ]
b c a a+ b+c c a
1 b c
= x yz (a + b + c ) 1 a b [taking (a + b + c ) common from C1]
1 c a
0 b-c c - a
= x yz (a + b + c ) 0 a - c b - a
1 c a
[Q R1 ® R1 - R 3 and R 2 ® R 2 - R 3 ]
Expanding along C1,
= x yz (a + b + c ) [1 (b - c ) (b - a) - (a - c ) (c - a)]
= x yz (a + b + c ) (b 2 - ab - bc + ac + a2 + c 2 - 2 ac )
= x yz (a + b + c ) (a2 + b 2 + c 2 - ab - bc - ca)
= x yz (a3 + b 3 + c 3 - 3 abc ) ...(ii)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii),
LHS = RHS
x a yb zc a b c
Þ yc za x b = x yz c a b Hence proved.
zb x c ya b c a
Objective Type Questions
2x 5 6 -2
Q. 24 If = , then the value of x is
8 x 7 3
(a) 3 (b) ± 3 (c) ± 6 (d) 6
2x 5 6 -2
Sol. (c) Q =
8 x 7 3
Þ 2 x 2 - 40 = 18 + 14
Þ 2 x 2 = 32 + 40
72
Þ x2 = = 36
2
\ x=± 6

a -b b +c a
Q. 25 The value of b - a c + a b is
c -a a +b c
(a) a3 + b3 + c3 (b) 3bc
(c) a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc (d) None of these
Sol. (d) We have,
a-b b+c a a+ c b+ c+ a a
b- a c + a b = b+ c c+ a+ b b [Q C1 ® C1 + C 2 and C 2 ® C 2 + C 3 ]
c-a a+ b c c+ b a+ b+c c
a+c 1 a
= (a + b + c ) b + c 1 b [taking (a + b + c ) common from C 2 ]
c+ b 1 c
a- b 0 a-c
= (a + b + c ) 0 0 b-c [Q R 2 ® R 2 - R 3 and R1 ® R1 - R 3 ]
c+ b 1 c
= (a + b + c ) [- (b - c ) × (a - b )] [expanding along R 2 ]
= (a + b + c ) (c - b ) (a - b )

Q. 26 If the area of a triangle with vertices (-3, 0), (3, 0) and (0, k) is
9 sq units. Then, the value of k will be
(a) 9 (b) 3 (c) -9 (d) 6
Sol. (b) We know that, area of a triangle with vertices (x1, y1 ), (x 2 , y2 ) and (x 3 , y3 ) is given by
x1 y1 1
1
D= x 2 y2 1
2
x 3 y3 1
-3 0 1
1
\ D= 3 0 1
2
0 k 1
 Expanding along R1,
1
9= [-3 (- k ) - 0 + 1 (3 k )]
2
Þ 18 = 3 k + 3 k = 6 k
18
\ k= =3
6

Q. 27 The determinant
b 2 - ab b - c bc - ac
ab - a 2 a - b b 2 - ab equals to
bc - ac c - a ab - a 2
(a) abc ( b - c)( c - a)( a - b) (b) ( b - c)( c - a)( a - b)
(c) ( a + b + c)( b - c)( c - a)( a - b) (d) None of these
Sol. (d) We have,
b 2 - ab b - c bc - ac b ( b - a) b - c c ( b - a)
ab - a2 a - b b 2 - ab = a (b - a) a - b b (b - a)
bc - ac c - a ab - a2 c ( b - a) c - a a ( b - a)
b b-c c
= (b - a)2 a a - b b
c c-a a
[on taking (b - a) common from C1 and C 3 each]
b-c b-c c
= (b - a)2 a - b a - b b [Q C1 ® C1 - C 3 ]
c-a c-a a
=0
[since, two columns C1 and C 2 are identical, so the value of determinant is zero]

sin x cos x cos x

Q. 28 The number of distinct real roots of cos x sin x cos x = 0 in the
cos x cos x sin x
p p
interval - £ x £ is
4 4
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 3
Sol. (c) We have,
sin x cos x cos x
cos x sin x cos x = 0
cos x cos x sin x
Applying C1 ® C1 + C 2 + C 3 ,
2 cos x + sin x cos x cos x
2 cos x + sin x cos x = 0
sin x
2 cos x + sin x cos x sinx
 On taking ( 2 cos x + sin x ) common from C1, we get
1 cos x cos x
Þ ( 2 cos x + sin x ) 1 sin x cos x = 0
1 cos x sin x
1 cos x cos x
Þ ( 2 cos x + sin x ) 0 sin x - cos x 0 =0
0 0 (sin x - cos x )
[Q R 2 ® R 2 - R1 and R 3 ® R 3 - R1 ]
Expanding along C1,
( 2 cos x + sin x ) [1× (sin x - cos x ) 2 ] = 0
Þ ( 2 cos x + sin x ) (sin x - cos x )2 = 0
Either 2cos x = - sin x
1
Þ cos x = - sin x
2
Þ tanx = - 2 ...(i)
p p
But here for - £ x £ , we get -1 £ tanx £ 1 so, no solution possible
4 4
and for (sin x - cos x )2 = 0, sin x = cos x
p
Þ tan x = 1 = tan
4
p
\ x=
4
So, only one distinct real root exist.

Q. 29 If A, B and C are angles of a triangle, then the determinant

-1 cos C cos B
cos C -1 cos A is equal to
cos B cos A -1
(a) 0 (b) -1 (c) 1 (d) None of these
-1 cos C cos B
Sol. (a) We have, cos C -1 cos A
cos B cos A -1
Applying C1 ® a C1 + b C 2 + c C 3 ,
- a + b cos C + c cos B cos C cos B
acos C - b + c cos A -1 cos A
acos B + b cos A - c cos A -1
Also, by projection rule in a triangle, we know that
a = b cos C + c cos B, b = c cos A + acos C and c = acos B + b cos A
Using above equation in column first, we get
- a + a cos C cos B 0 cos C cos B
b-b -1 cos A = 0 -1 cos A = 0
c - c cos A -1 0 cos A -1
[since, determinant having all elements of any column or row gives value of
determinant as zero]
 é cos t t 1 ù
Q. 30 If f (t) = êê2 sin t t 2t úú, then lim f (2t) is equal to
t®0 t
êë sin t t t úû
(a) 0 (b) -1 (c) 2 (d) 3
Sol. (a) We have,
cos t t 1
f(t ) = 2 sin t t 2t
sin t t t
Expanding along C1,
= cos t (t 2 - 2t 2 ) - 2 sin t (t 2 - t ) + sin t ( 2t 2 - t )
= - t 2 cos t - (t 2 - t ) 2 sin t + ( 2t 2 - t ) sin t
= - t 2 cos t - t 2 × 2 sin t + t × 2 sin t + 2 t 2 sin t
= - t 2 cos t + 2 t sin t
f( t ) (- t 2 cos t ) 2t sin t
\ lim 2
= lim 2
+ lim
t ®0 t t ®0 t t ®0 t2
sin t
= - lim cos t + 2 × lim
t ®0 t ®0 t

é sin t ù
= -1+ 1 êëQ t lim = 1 and cos 0 = 1ú
®0 t û
=0

Q. 31 The maximum value of

1 1 1
D= 1 1 + sin q 1 is (where, q is real number)
1 + cos q 1 1
1 3 2 3
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d)
2 2 4
Sol. (a) Since,
1 1 1
D= 1 1 + sin q 1
1 + cos q 1 1
0 0 1
= 0 sin q 1 [Q C1 ® C1 - C 3 and C 2 ® C 2 - C 3 ]
cos q 0 1
= 1(sin q × cos q)
1 1
= × 2sin q cos q = sin 2 q
2 2
Since, the maximum value of sin 2 q is 1. So, for maximum value of q should be 45°.
1
\ D = sin 2 × 45°
2
1 1 1
= sin 90° = . 1 =
2 2 2
 0 x -a x -b
Q. 32 If f (x) = x + a 0 x - c , then
x +b x +c 0
(a) f ( a ) = 0 (b) f ( b) = 0 (c) f(0) = 0 (d) f (1) = 0
Sol. (c) We have,
0 x-a x-b
f( x ) = x + a 0 x -c
x+ b x+c 0
0 0 a-b
Þ f ( a) = 2a 0 a-c
a+ b a+c 0
= [(a - b ) {2 a × (a + c )}] ¹ 0
0 b-a 0
\ f (b) = b + a 0 b-c
2b b+c 0
= - (b - a) [2 b (b - c )]
= - 2b (b - a) (b - c ) ¹ 0
0 -a -b
\ f(0) = a 0 - c
b c 0
= a (bc ) - b (ac )
= abc - abc = 0

2 l -3
Q. 33 If A = 0 2 5 , then A -1 exists, if
1 1 3
(a) l = 2 (b) l ¹ 2
(c) l ¹ - 2 (d) None of these
Sol. (d) We have,
2 l -3
A= 0 2 5
1 1 3
Expanding along R1,
| A| = 2 (6 - 5) - l (-5) - 3 (-2 ) = 2 + 5l + 6
We know that, A -1 exists, if A is non-singular matrix i.e., A ¹ 0.
\ 2 + 5l + 6 ¹ 0
Þ 5l ¹ - 8
-8
\ l¹
5
-1 -8
So, A exists if and only if l ¹ .
5
Q. 34 If A and B are invertible matrices, then which of the following is not
correct?
(a) adj A = | A|× A-1 (b) det ( A) -1 = [det ( A) ]-1
(c) ( AB ) -1 = B-1 A-1 (d) ( A + B ) -1 = B-1 + A-1
Sol. (d) Since, A and B are invertible matrices. So, we can say that
( AB)-1 = B-1 A -1 ...(i)
1
Also, A -1 = (adj A)
| A|
Þ adj A = | A| × A -1 ...(ii)
Also, det ( A)-1 = [det ( A)]-1
1
Þ det ( A)-1 =
[det ( A)]
Þ det ( A) × det ( A)-1 = 1 ...(iii)
which is true.
1
Again, ( A + B)-1 = adj ( A + B )
( A + B)
Þ ( A + B )-1 ¹ B-1 + A -1 ...(iv)
So, only option (d) is incorrect.

1+x 1 1
Q. 35 If x, y and z are all different from zero and 1 1+ y 1 = 0,
1 1 1+z
then the value of x -1 + y -1 + z -1 is
(a) xyz (b) x -1y -1z -1 (c) - x - y - z (d) -1
1+ x 1 1
Sol. (d) We have, 1 1+ y 1 =0
1 1 1+ z
Applying C1 ® C1 - C 3 and C 2 ® C 2 - C 3 ,
x 0 1
Þ 0 y 1 =0
-z -z 1+ z
Expanding along R1,
x [ y (1 + z) + z] - 0 + 1 ( yz) = 0
Þ x ( y + yz + z) + yz = 0
Þ x y + x yz + x z + yz = 0
xy x yz xz yz
Þ + + + = 0 [on dividing (xyz) from both sides]
x yz x yz x yz x yz
1 1 1
Þ + + + 1= 0
x y z
1 1 1
Þ + + = -1
x y z
\ x -1 + y-1 + z-1 = - 1
 x x+y x + 2y
Q. 36 The value of x + 2 y x x + y is
x+y x + 2y x
(a) 9x 2 ( x + y) (b) 9y 2 ( x + y)
(c) 3y 2 ( x + y) (d) 7x 2 ( x + y)
x x + y x + 2y
Sol. (b) We have, x + 2y x x+ y
x + y x + 2y x
3 (x + y) x + y y
= 3 (x + y) x y [Q C1 ® C1 + C 2 + C 3 and C 3 ® C 3 - C 2 ]
3 (x + y) x + 2 y -2 y
1 (x + y) y
= 3 (x + y) 1 x y [taking 3 (x + y) common from first column]
1 (x + 2 y) -2 y
0 y 0
= 3 (x + y) 1 x y [Q R1 ® R1 - R 2 ]
1 (x + 2 y) -2 y
Expanding along R1,
= 3 (x + y) [- y (-2 y - y)]
= 3 y2 × 3 (x + y) = 9 y2 (x + y)

Q. 37 If there are two values of a which makes determinant,

1 -2 5
D = 2 a -1 = 86, then the sum of these number is
0 4 2a
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) - 4 (d) 9
Sol. (c) We have,
1 -2 5
D = 2 a -1 = 86
0 4 2a
Þ 1 ( 2 a2 + 4) - 2 (- 4a - 20) + 0 = 86 [expanding along first column]
2
Þ 2 a + 4 + 8 a + 40 = 86
Þ 2 a2 + 8 a + 44 - 86 = 0
Þ a2 + 4 a - 21 = 0
Þ a2 + 7 a - 3 a - 21 = 0
Þ (a + 7 ) (a - 3) = 0
a = - 7 and 3
\ Required sum = - 7 + 3 = - 4
Fillers
Q. 38 If A is a matrix of order 3 ´ 3, then |3A | is equal to ......... .
Sol. If A is a matrix of order 3 ´ 3, then| 3 A| = 3 ´ 3 ´ 3| A| = 27 | A|

Q. 39 If A is invertible matrix of order 3 ´ 3, then | A -1| is equal to ......... .

1
Sol. If A is invertible matrix of order 3 ´ 3 , then| A -1| = . [since,| A|×| A -1| = 1]
| A|
(2 x + 2 - x )2 (2 x - 2 - x )2 1
Q. 40 If x, y, z Î R, then the value of (3 x + 3 - x )2 (3 x - 3 - x )2 1 is
(4 x + 4 - x )2 (4 x - 4 - x )2 1

Sol. We have,
(2 x + 2 - x )2 (2 x - 2 - x )2 1
(3x + 3- x )2 (3x - 3- x )2 1
(4x + 4- x )2 (4x - 4- x )2 1
(2 × 2 x ) (2 × 2 - x ) (2 x - 2 - x )2 1
= (2 × 3x ) (2 × 3- x ) (3x - 3- x )2 1 [Q (a + b )2 - (a - b )2 = 4 ab ]
(2 × 4x ) (2 × 4- x ) (4x - 4- x )2 1 [Q C1 ® C1 - C 2 ]

4 (2 x - 2 - x )2 1
= 4 (3x - 3- x )2 1 = 0 [since, C1 and C 3 are proportional to each other]
4 (4x - 4- x )2 1

2
0 cos q sin q
Q. 41 If cos2 q = 0 , then cos q sin q 0 is equal to ......... .
sin q 0 cos q

Sol. Since, cos2 q = 0

p p
Þ cos 2 q = cos Þ 2q=
2 2
p
Þ q=
4
p 1 p 1
\ sin = and cos =
4 2 4 2
2
1 1
0
2 2
1 1
\ 0
2 2
1 1
0
2 2
Expanding along R1,
2 2 2
é 1 æ 1ö 1 æ 1 öù é -2 ù æ -1 ö 1
= ê- ç ÷+ ç - ÷ú = ê ú =ç ÷ =
ë 2 è 2 ø 2 è 2 ø û ë 2 2 û è 2 ø 2
Q. 42 If A is a matrix of order 3 ´ 3 , then ( A 2 ) -1 is equal to ......... .
Sol. If A is a matrix of order 3 ´ 3 , then ( A 2 )-1 = ( A -1 )2 .

Q. 43 If A is a matrix of order 3 ´ 3 , then the number of minors in

determinant of A are ......... .
Sol. If A is a matrix of order 3 ´ 3 , then the number of minors in determinant of A are 9. [since, in
a 3 ´ 3 matrix, there are 9 elements]

Q. 44 The sum of products of elements of any row with the cofactors of

corresponding elements is equal to ......... .
Sol. The sum of products of elements of any row with the cofactors of corresponding elements
is equal to value of the determinant.
a11 a12 a13
Let D = a21 a22 a23
a31 a32 a33
Expanding along R1,
D = a11 A11 + a12 A12 + a13 A13
= Sum of products of elements of R1 with their
corresponding cofactors

x 3 7
Q. 45 If x = - 9 is a root of 2 x 2 = 0, then other two roots are ......... .
7 6 x

x 3 7
Sol. Since, 2 x 2 =0
7 6 x
Expanding along R1,
x (x 2 - 12 ) - 3 (2 x - 14) + 7 (12 - 7 x ) = 0
Þ x 3 - 12 x - 6x + 42 + 84 - 49x = 0
Þ x 3 - 67 x + 126 = 0 ...(i)
Here, 126 ´ 1 = 9 ´ 2 ´ 7
For x = 2, 2 3 - 67 ´ 2 + 126 = 134 - 134 = 0
Hence, x = 2 is a root.
For x = 7, 7 3 - 67 ´ 7 + 126 = 469 - 469 = 0
Hence, x = 7 is also a root.
 0 xyz x-z
Q. 46 y -x 0 y -z is equal to ......... .
z-x z-y 0

0 xyz x - z z-x xyz x - z

Sol. We have, y-x 0 y- z = z-x 0 y- z [Q C1 ® C1 - C 3 ]
z-x z- y 0 z-x z- y 0
1 xyz x - z
= (z - x) 1 0 y- z
1 z- y 0
[taking ( z - x ) common from column 1]
Expanding along R1,
= (z - x ) [1× {- ( y - z) ( z - y)} - xyz ( z - y) + (x - z) ( z - y)]
= (z - x ) ( z - y) (- y + z - xyz + x - z)
= (z - x ) ( z - y) (x - y - xyz)
= (z - x ) ( y - z) ( y - x + xyz)

(1 + x) 17 (1 + x) 19 (1 + x)23
Q. 47 If f (x) = (1 + x)23 (1 + x)29 (1 + x) 34
(1 + x) 41 (1 + x) 43 (1 + x) 47

= A + Bx + Cx 2 + ..., then A is equal to ......... .

Sol. Since,
1 (1 + x )2 (1 + x )6
17 23 41
f(x ) = (1 + x ) (1 + x ) (1 + x ) 1 (1 + x )6 (1 + x )11 = 0
1 (1 + x )2 (1 + x )6
[since, R1 and R 3 are identical]
\ A=0
True/False
Q. 48 ( A 3 ) -1 = ( A -1 ) 3 , where A is a square matrix and A ¹ 0 .
Sol. True
Since, ( A n )-1 = ( A -1 )n , where n Î N.

1 -1
Q. 49 (aA) -1 = A , where a is any real number and A is a square matrix.
a
Sol. False
Since, we know that, if A is a non-singular square matrix, then for any scalar a (non-zero), aA
is invertible such that
æ1 ö æ 1ö
(aA) ç A -1 ÷ = ç a × ÷ ( A × A -1 )
èa ø è aø
=I
æ 1 -1 ö 1
i.e., (aA) is inverse of ç A ÷ or (aA) = A -1, where a is any non-zero scalar.
-1
èa ø a
In the above statement a is any real number. So, we can conclude that above statement is
false.

Q. 50 | A -1| ¹ | A|-1 , where A is a non-singular matrix.

Sol. False
| A -1| = | A|-1, where A is a non-singular matrix.

Q. 51 If A and B are matrices of order 3 and | A | = 5, | B | = 3, then

|3 AB| = 27 ´ 5 ´ 3 = 405.
Sol. True
We know that, | AB| = | A||
× B|
\ |3 AB| = 27 | AB|
= 27| A| ×|B|
= 27 ´ 5 ´ 3 = 405

Q. 52 If the value of a third order determinant is 12, then the value of the
determinant formed by replacing each element by its cofactor will be
144.
Sol. True
Let A is the determinant.
\ | A| = 12
Also, we know that, if A is a square matrix of order n, then|adj A| = | A|n - 1
For n = 3,|adj A| = | A|3 - 1 = | A| 2
= (12 )2 = 144
 x +1 x +2 x +a
Q. 53 x + 2 x + 3 x + b = 0, where a, b and c are in AP.
x +3 x +4 x +c
Sol. True
Since, a, b and c are in AP, then 2b = a + c
x+1 x+2 x+ a
\ x+2 x+ 3 x+ b =0
x+ 3 x+ 4 x+c
2x + 4 2x + 6 2x + a + c
Þ x+2 x+ 3 x+ b =0 [Q R1 ® R1 + R 3 ]
x+ 3 x+ 4 x+c
2 (x + 2 ) 2 (x + 3) 2 (x + b )
Þ x+2 x+ 3 x+ b =0 [Q 2b = a + c]
x+ 3 x+ 4 x+c
Þ 0=0 [since, R1 and R 2 are in proportional to each other]
Hence, statement is true.

Q. 54 |adj A| = | A| 2, where A is a square matrix of order two.

Sol. False
If A is a square matrix of order n, then
|adj A| = | A|n - 1
Þ |adj A| = | A| 2 - 1 = | A| [Q n = 2 ]

sin A cos A sin A + cos B

Q. 55 The determinant sin B cos A sin B + cos B is equal to zero.
sin C cos A sin C + cos B
Sol. True
sin A cos A sin A + cos B sin A cos A sin A sin A cos A cos B
Since, sin B cos A sin B + cos B = sin B cos A sin B + sin B cos A cos B
sin C cos A sin C + cos B sin C cos A sin C sin C cos A cos B
sin A cos A cos B
= 0 + sin B cos A cos B
sin C cos A cos B
[since, in first determinant C1 and C 3 are identicals]
sin A 1 1
= cos A × cos B sin B 1 1
sin C 1 1
[taking cos A common from C 2 and cos B common from C 3 ]
=0 [since, C 2 and C 3 are identicals]
 x +a p +u l + f
Q. 56 If the determinant y +b q + v m + g splits into exactly k
z +c r +w n +h
determinants of order 3, each element of which contains only one
term, then the value of k is 8.
Sol. True
x + a p+ u l + f
Since, y+ b q + v m+ g
z+c r+ w n+ h
x p l a u f
= y+ b q + v m+ g + y+ b q + v m+ g [splitting first row]
z+c r+ w n+ h z+c r+ w n+ h
x p l x p l
= y q m + b v g
z+c r+ m n+ h z+c r+ w n+ h
a u f a u f
+ y q m + b v g [splitting second row]
z+c r+ w n+ h z+c r+ w n+ h
Similarly, we can split these 4 determinants in 8 determinants by splitting each one in two
determinants further. So, given statement is true.

a p x p+x a+x a+p

Q. 57 If D = b q y = 16, then D 1 = q + y b + y b + q = 32.
c r z r + z c + z c +r
Sol. True
a p x
We have, D = b q y = 16
c r z
p+ x a+ x a+ p
and we have to prove, D1 = q + y b + y b + q = 32
r+ z c+ z c+ r
2 p + 2x + 2a a + x a + p
D1 = 2q + 2 y + 2 b b + y b + q [Q C1 ® C1 + C 2 + C 3 ]
2r + 2 z + 2c c + z c + r
p x - p a+ p
=2 q y-q b+q
r z-r c+ r
[taking 2 common from C1 and then C1 ® C1 - C 2 , C 2 ® C 2 - C 3 ]
é p x a + pù é p p a + pù
= 2 ê q y b + q ú - êq q b + q ú
ê ú ê ú
êë r z c + r úû êë r r c + r ûú
 p x a+ p
=2 q y b+ q - 0
r z c+ r
[since, two columns C1 and C 2 are identicals]
p x a p x p
=2 q y b + 2 q y q
r z c r z r
a p x
=2 b q y + 0
c r z
[since, C1 and C 3 are identical in second determinant and in first determinant, C1 « C 2
and then C1 « C 3 ]
= 2 ´ 16 [QD = 16]
= 32 Hence proved.

1 1 1
1
Q. 58 The maximum value of 1 1 + sin q 1 is .
2
1 1 1 + cos q
Sol. True
1 1 1
Since, 0 sin q 0 [Q R 2 ® R 2 - R1 and R 3 ® R 3 - R1]
0 0 cos q
On expanding along third row, we get the value of the determinant
1 1
= cos q × sin q = sin 2 q =
2 2
[when q is 45° which gives maximum value]