Vocabulary to Start the Report Body:

Just after you finish writing your 'Introduction' (i.e. General Statement + General overview/ trend),
you are expected to start a new paragraph to describe the main features of the diagrams. This
second paragraph is called the 'Body Paragraph / Report Body". You can have a single body
paragraph/ report body or up to 3, (not more than 3 in any case) depending on the number of
graphs provided in the question and the type of these graphs. There are certain phrases you can use
to start your body paragraph and following is a list of such phrases ---

 As is presented in the diagram(s)/  It is interesting to note that...

graph(s)/ pie chart(s)/ table...  It is apparently seen that...
 As (is) shown in the illustration...  It is conspicuous that...
 As can be seen in the...  It is explicitly observed that...
 As the diagrams suggest...  It is obvious...
 According to the...  It is clear from the data...
 Categorically speaking...  It is worth noticing that...
 Getting back to the details...  It is crystal clear/ lucid that...
 Now, turning to the details....  It can be clearly observed that...
 The table data clearly shows that...  It could be plainly viewed that...
 The diagram reveals that...  It could be noticed that...
 The data suggest that...  We can see that...
 The graph gives figure...

Vocabulary to show the changes:

Trends Verb form Noun Form

Increase rise / increase / go up / uplift / rocket(ed) / a rise / an increase / an upward

climb / upsurge / soar/ shot up/ improve/ trend / a growth / a leap / a jump /
jump/ leap/ move upward/ skyrocket/ an improvement/ a climb.
soar/ surge.

Decrease fall / decrease / decline / plummet / plunge a fall / a decrease / a reduction / a

/ drop / reduce / collapse / deteriorate/ dip downward trends /a downward
/ dive / go down / take a nosedive / slump/ tendency / a decline/ a drop / a
slide / go into free-fall. slide / a collapse / a downfall.

Steadiness unchanged / level out / remain constant / a steadiness/ a plateau / a stability/

remain steady / plateau / remain the same / a static
remain stable / remain static

Gradual increase an upward trend / an upward

------------ tendency / a ceiling trend

Gradual decrease a downward trend / a downward

------------ tendency / a descending trend

Standability/ Flat level(ed) off / remain(ed) constant /

remain(ed) unchanged / remain(ed) stable / No change, a flat, a plateau.
prevail(ed) consistency / plateaued /
reach(ed) a plateau / stay(ed) uniform
/immutable / level(ed) out/ stabilise/
 remain(ed) the same.
Examples:

 The overall sale of the company has increased by 20% at the end of the year.
 The expenditure of the office remained constant for the last 6 months but the profit rose by
almost 25%.
 There was a 15% drop in the student enrollment of the University.
 The population of the country remained almost the same as it was 2 years ago.
 The population of these two cities increase significantly in the last two decades and it is
predicted that it will remain stable in the next 5 years.

Tips:
 Use 'improve' / 'an improvement' to describe a situation like economic condition or
employment status. To denote numbers use other verbs/nouns like increase.
 Do not use the same word/ phrase over and over again. In fact, you should not use a noun or
verb form to describe a trend/change more than twice; once is better!
 To achieve a high band score you need to use a variety of vocabulary as well as sentence
formations.

Vocabulary to represent changes in graphs:

Type of Adverb form Adjective form
Change

Rapid change dramatically / rapidly / dramatic / rapid / sharp /

sharply / quickly / quick / hurried / speedy /
hurriedly / speedily / swift / significant /
swiftly / significantly/ considerable / substantial /
considerably / noticable.
substantioally / noticably.

Moderate moderately / gradually / moderate / gradual /

change progressively / progressive / sequential.
sequentially.

Steady change steadily/ ceaselessly. steady/ ceaseless.

Slight change slightly / slowly / mildly / slight / slow / mild /

tediously. tedious.

Example:

 The economic inflation of the country increased sharply by 20% in 2008.

 There was a sharp drop in the industrial production in the year 2009.
 The demand for new houses dramatically increased in 2002.
 The population of the country dramatically increased in the last decade.
 The price of the oil moderately increased in last quarter but as a consequence, the price of
daily necessity rapidly went up.

Vocabulary to represent frequent changes in graphs:

Type of Change Verb form Noun form

Rapid ups and wave / fluctuate / oscillate / waves / fluctuations /

downs vacillate / palpitate oscillations / vacillations
/ palpitations
Example:

 The price of the raw materials fluctuated for the first three months.
 The graph shows the oscillations of the price of fuel from 1998 to 2002.
 The passenger number in this station oscillates throughout the day but early morning and
evening are the two busiest time.
 The changes of car production in Japan shows a palpitation for the second quarter of the
year.
 The number of students in debate clubs fluctuated in different months as rapid ups and
downs could be observed in the last three months.

Tips:
 DO NOT try to present every single data presented in a graph. Rather pick 5-7 most
significant and important trends/ changes and show their comparisons and contrasts.
 The question asks you to write a report and summarise the data presented in graphs(s).
This is why you need to show the comparisons, contrasts, show the highest and lowest
points and most striking features in your answer, not every piece of data presented in the
diagram(s).

Types of Changes/ Differences and Vocabulary to present them:

Great change / Huge difference:

Adjectives Adverbs
Overwhelming Overwhelmingly
Substantial Substantially
Enormous Enormously

Big change / Big difference:

Adjectives Adverbs
Significant Significantly
Considerable Considerably

Medium change / Moderate difference:

Adjectives Adverbs
Somewhat Somewhat
Moderate Moderately

Minor change / Small difference:

Adjectives Adverbs
Fractional Fractionally
Marginal Marginally
Slight Slightly
Dates, Months & Years related vocabulary and grammar:

 From 1990 to 2000, Commencing from 1980, Between 1995 and 2005, After 2012.
 By 1995, In 1998, In February, Over the period, During the period, During 2011.
 In the first half of the year, For the first quarter, The last quarter of the year, During the first
decade.
 In the 80s, In the 1980s, During the next 6 months, In the mid-70s, Next 10 years, Previous
year, Next year, Between 1980 - 1990.
 Within a time span of ten years, within five years.
 Next month, Next quarter, Next year, Previous month, Previous year.
 Since, Then, From.

Percentage, Proportion and Numbers:

Percentages:
10% increase, 25 percent decrease, increased by 15%, dropped by 10 per cent, fall at 50%, reached
to 75%, tripled, doubled, one-fourth, three-quarters, half, double fold, treble, 5 times higher, 3
timers lower, declined to about 49%, stood exactly at 43%.

Fractions:
4% = A tiny fraction.
24% = Almost a quarter.
25% Exactly a quarter.
26% = Roughly one quarter.
32% Nearly one-third, nearly a third.
49% = Around a half, just under a half.
50% Exactly a half.
51% = Just over a half.
73% = Nearly three quarters.
77% = Approximately three quarter, more than three-quarter.
79% = Well over three quarters.

Proportions:
2% = A tiny proportion, a very small proportion.
4% = An insignificant minority, an insignificant proportion.
16% = A small minority, a small portion.
70% = A large proportion.
72% = A significant majority, A significant proportion.89% = A very large proportion.
89% = A very large proportion.

Words/ Phrases of Approximation - Vocabulary:

 Approximately  A little more than

 Nearly  A little less than.
 Roughly
 Almost
 About
 Around
 More or less
 Just over
 Just under
 Just around
 Just about
 Just below