KANTIPUR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Affiliated to Tribhuvan University)

Dhapakhel, Lalitpur

[Subject Code: EX654]

A MINOR PROJECT PROPOSAL ON

ACCIDENT DETECTION AND PREVENTION

SYSTEM

Submitted by:
Prabal Aryal [077/BEI/020]
Prabesh Raj Upadhayay [077/BEI/021]
Prakash Shrestha [077/BEI/022]
Subodh Pokhrel [077/BEI/030]

Submitted to:
Department of Computer and Electronics Engineering
ABSTRACT

This project entitled “Accident Detection and Prevention System” is based on the driver fatigue
response system which alerts the driver whenever they feels drowsy and experiences sleepiness
during the drive. This project consists of an IR sensor which constantly monitors the eye of the
driver and detects whether their eyes are closed for a certain period of time. In the case, the eye
has been closed for more than 8 seconds, a warning buzzer along with vibration in the steering
is generated for about 20 seconds before the system deduces there has passed out and an alert
is sent to their specified relative via GSM modem using a text message.

This system will also contain a gas sensor which monitors the driver’s breath before and during
the drive. If the driver is found to have consumed the alcohol, the engine will be abruptly
stopped refraining from the control of vehicle from driver. Further, a vibration and gyro sensor
shall be mounted on the system which alerts the driver’s relative through the same GSM and
GPS modem sending text message with the location of vehicle on the condition an abnormal
vibration and position has been detected and driver is unable to notify the system that there is
safe. All these systems and features are controlled by an Arduino Uno microcontroller.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

There are a lot of entities that are involved with the initiation and realization of every project.
The entities may be as simple as a natural process, everyday events, and the people around us
or something grand like a dream. These factors have undeniable importance and criticality in
realization of the projects and its initiation.

Acknowledging such role, it is vital that these entities responsible for building this project
"Accident Detection and Prevention System" are thanked with utmost respect and gratitude.
Primarily, the effort of the respected Head of department of Electronics and Computer
Engineering Er. Rabindra Khati and corresponding supervisor for the minor project Er.
Dipesh Shrestha, Er. Gopal Karn and Er. Sujin Gwachha who provided much needed
guidance and training environment for allowing the project to be conceived at the college level
are much appreciated. The role of the respected teachers that have been with us through the
times and have imparted invaluable knowledge, skill, understanding, and wisdom is of
undeniable importance.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................................. i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................................. ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................................................................. iii
LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................... v
LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................................... vi
ABBREVIATION ...................................................................................................................................... vii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Problem Statement ................................................................................................................. 1
1.3 Objectives................................................................................................................................ 1
1.4 Applications............................................................................................................................. 2
1.5 Features .................................................................................................................................. 2
1.6 Feasibility Analysis .................................................................................................................. 2
1.6.1 Economic Feasibility............................................................................................................ 2
1.6.2 Technical Feasibility ............................................................................................................. 2
1.6.3 Operational Feasibility ........................................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS................................................................................................. 5
3.1 Hardware Requirements ............................................................................................................... 5
3.1.1 Arduino UNO........................................................................................................................ 5
3.1.2 SIM 900A.............................................................................................................................. 5
3.1.3 Gas Sensor ............................................................................................................................. 6
3.1.4 IR Sensor ................................................................................................................................ 6
3.1.6 Vibration Sensor ................................................................................................................... 7
3.1.7 Gyroscope Sensor .................................................................................................................. 8
3.2 Software Requirement ................................................................................................................. 8
3.2.1 Arduino IDE.......................................................................................................................... 8
CHAPTER 4 METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................. 9
4.1 Hardware Development .............................................................................................................. 10
4.1.1 Block Diagram ..................................................................................................................... 10
4.2 Software Development ............................................................................................................... 11
4.2.1 Flowchart ............................................................................................................................. 11
5.1 Budget Analysis ........................................................................................................................... 12
5.2 Work Schedule ........................................................................................................................... 12
5.3 Expected Outcomes ................................................................................................................... 13

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REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 14

iv
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1 Arduino UNO………………………………………………………………… 5
Figure 3.2 SIM 900A……………………………………………………………………. 5
Figure 3.3 Gas Sensor……………………………………………………………………. 6
Figure 3.4 Blink Sensor…………………………………………………………………... 6
Figure 3.6 Vibration Sensor……………………………………………………………… 7
Figure 3.7 Gyroscope Sensor……………………………………………………………...8
Figure 4.1 Block Diagram………………………………………………………………... 7
Figure 4.2 Flow Chart…….……………………………………………………………….7

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 5.1 Budget Analysis…………………………………………………………… 13
Table 5.2 Gantt Chart………………………………………………………………… 13

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ABBREVIATION
GPS: Global Positioning System
GSM: Global System for Mobile Communication
IDE: Integrated Development Environment
IR: Infrared
SIM: Subscriber Identity Module
SMS: Short Message Service
EEPROM: Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
WHO: World Health Organization

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background

Vehicles accidents are one of the leading causes of fatality. Report from World Health
Organization WHO shows that approximately 1.3 million people die each year because of
traffic road crashes. Road accidents cannot be eliminated, but more lives can be saved if a
timely response is provided to the victims of the accidents. Accidents go unnoticed a lot of
times, so it is important that rescue authorities and closed contacts of the victims are reported
about it. The objective of this project is to create a system that automatically detects and
provides notifications about the accident in a timely manner to suppress the number of
casualties, by giving prompt aid to the victims of road accidents. In case of an accident, an auto
generated message containing the exact location of the accident is sent to the closed contacts
or rescue authorities using GPS and GSM module. The interfacing of the components is done
in Arduino Uno. A Gyroscope sensor module detects changes in axes of the vehicle i.e., it
detects an accident and if that happens a message is sent to closed contacts or rescue authorities
depending on the severity of accidents that have happened.

1.2 Problem Statement

Various enquiry reports of road accidents issued by WHO were studied, and it was clear that
one of the reasons for a greater number of deaths in road accidents was the delay in providing
help to the accident victims. The accident detection system proposed would inform the hospital
or victim’s family members about the accident immediately. The medical emergency care unit
would be informed about the accident location in a short time, thereby increasing the chances
of survival.

1.3 Objectives

The main objective of this project is:

• To apply the necessary measures for accident prevention

• To provide the information to close contacts in the case of serious accidents

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1.4 Applications

Like every other project, this proposed project is designed in such a way that it has some
significant applications.

• Monitor drowsiness and alcohol consumption before and during the drive
• Locate the vehicle as fast as possible.
• Can be used in smart cities to maintain traffic regulations.

1.5 Features

• Provide messages automatically to the concerned authorities or close contacts in case

of accident.
• Apply several precautionary methods to mitigate accidents.

1.6 Feasibility Analysis

There were two types of feasibility study to which the system was subjected to. The key
considerations involved in this process are described below.

1.6.1 Economic Feasibility

We must analyze whether the project is economically feasible or not by comparing cost
required to develop the project, integrate with the system, operate the system with benefits that
is achieved using the product i.e., we perform the cost benefits analysis for the purpose. This
system is affordable since it uses simple modules so This project can be economically feasible.

1.6.2 Technical Feasibility

The system consists of electronic components like Arduino Uno, GSM module, GPS module
along with sensors like gas sensor and IR sensor. These components operate at low voltage so
there are no electrical risks. The software used in this project can be easily learned and is user
friendly.

1.6.3 Operational Feasibility

The system will be well documented and easy user interfaces will be implemented for the
modules. This will ensure that the system can be easily handled and operated by the person.
All the systems are worked on a different module so there is no chance of collision in a system.
it requires minimum operational skills, so it is user friendly and easy to use.
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CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

The system that detects and notifies road accidents has been designed and developed for a very
long time now. The paper below has presented brief summaries of different past attempts which
were made for developing systems related to accident detection and alert using various
technologies.

Dr. R. Prasanthi, M.U. Nitish Babu, B. Jaswanth, and G. Sumith Chandra's study [1] researched
accident detection and alert system addressing unattended accidents among vehicle riders. The
system, integrating Arduino, GPS Receiver, and GSM module, employed GPS for vehicle
direction and GSM for sending SMS alerts to contacts with directional information and Google
Maps links. It features Vibration sensor-based severe accident detection and rollover
identification. The microcontroller transmits data to the GSM module, relaying victim location
to contacts for swift aid using GPS MODEM. This research significantly enhances road safety,
offering an advanced solution for timely assistance in vehicular accidents, particularly
impactful in regions like Nepal, India, and Bangladesh.

C. K. Gomathy, K Rohan, B. Mani Kiran Reddy, and V Geetha [2] proposed a solution centered
on automatic accident detection and alert systems. The primary aim is to enhance accident
control by employing wireless communication methods to promptly notify registered mobiles,
hospitals, and police stations. In cases of accidents occurring within cities or areas, a GSM
module expedites message transmission to registered mobiles. The heart of the system lies in
Arduino, facilitating seamless communication across devices. Triggered by accident-induced
vibrations, the system swiftly transfers information via GSM to registered numbers. The GPS
system is pivotal in locating the accident site. This proposed approach verifies accident
occurrences, instantly notifying nearby medical facilities and registered mobiles through GSM
and GPS modules. Geographical coordinates are transmitted via a tracking system. The study
underscores the significance of the vibration sensor as a major module for detecting accidents.

Aarya D.S, Athulya C.K, Anas.P, Basil Kuriakose, Jerin Susan Joy, Leena Thomas [3]
proposed a system that states vehicle accidents are one of the leading causes of fatality. The
period between the occurrence of an accident and the dispatch of emergency medical services
to the accident site is a critical factor in accident survival rates. Accident detection and
messaging systems will be stationed in the vehicle itself which will be helpful during the time
of accident as hospital, police and emergency contact can be informed immediately. The system

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is executed using GPS and GSM technology. A vibration sensor detects a collision using
piezoelectric effect, which is the ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge when
they are under mechanical stress. As soon as the collision is detected the GPS module locates
the accident (latitude and longitude) and sends a message to the hospital and the emergency
contact using the GSM module. The ambulance arrives to the location which is tracked by the
GPS module and hence the victim is treated as soon as possible reducing the help time. In case
if there is a minor accident, the victim can press a switch (button) to prevent the emergency
contacts from being alerted. This system comprises of Arduino, GPS, GSM and vibration
sensor, which detects the accident and alerts the authorities immediately, it also combats false
alarms by using a switch provided for the driver.

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CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Hardware Requirements
3.1.1 Arduino UNO

Arduino UNO is a type of Arduino board that is provided as an open-The board that uses an
ATmega328p microcontroller in the board. The Arduino Uno contains a set of analog and
digital pins that are input and output pins which are used to connect the board to other
components. There are a total of thirteen I/O pins placed inboard in which six are analog input
pins. The board has a USB connection that can be used to give power supply to the board. The
board is used for electronics projects and used to design the circuit.

Figure 3.1.1: Arduino UNO

https://www.reichelt.com/de/en/arduino-uno-rev-3-atmega328-usb-arduino-uno-
p119045.html?GROUPID=6667&&r=1

3.1.2 SIM 900A

SIM 900A offers GSM technology for communications with the uses of a mobile sim. It uses
a 900 and 1800MHz frequency band and allows user to send/receive mobile calls and SMS. It
also has modes, command mode and data mode. Also, the keypad and display interface in it allows
the developers to make customized applications within it.

Figure 3.1.2: SIM 900A

https://images.app.goo.gl/KbqYoRiG8onYFTXNA

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3.1.3 Gas Sensor

A gas sensor is a device that detects and measures the presence and concentration of various
gases in the surrounding environment. It is widely used in industrial, commercial, and
residential settings for safety, environmental monitoring, and process control purposes. Gas
sensors utilize different principles such as electrochemical, semiconductor, infrared, or
catalytic reactions to detect specific gases. Gas sensors consist of a sensing element that reacts
with the target gas, a transducer that converts the detected signal into an electrical output, and
a circuit that processes and interprets the signal. Depending on the application, gas sensors can
be portable or fixed. They are generally used in breathalyzer to detect alcohol consumption.

Figure 3.1.3: Gas Sensor

https://pricemandu.com/products/alcohol-level-sensor-mq3-
53dfe7dd9aa2004908140117fc8d8f73/

3.1.4 IR Sensor

The IR sensor or infrared sensor is one kind of electronic component, used to detect specific
characteristics in its surroundings through emitting or detecting IR radiation. These sensors can
also be used to detect or measure the heat of a target and its motion. The sensor is made up of
two components: an infrared transmitter and an infrared receiver. The transmitter emits infrared
waves onto the eye, while the receiver searches for changes n reflected waves, indicating that
eye has blinked. The sensor’s output is sent to a microcontroller board such as Arduino or other
microcontrollers.

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 Figure 3.1.4: IR Sensor

https://images.app.goo.gl/8PkXvDRFGgRUtyXz7

3.1.6 Vibration Sensor

A vibration sensor is a device that measures the amount and frequency of vibration in each
system, machine, or piece of equipment. Those measurements can be used to detect imbalances
or other issues in the asset and predict future breakdowns. Vibration sensors are typically made
of piezoelectric materials, which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. When the
sensor is subjected to vibration, the piezoelectric material generates an electrical signal that is
proportional to the magnitude and frequency of the vibration. This signal can then be amplified
and analyzed to determine the condition of the asset.

Figure 3.1.6 : Vibration Sensor

https://images.app.goo.gl/wUYEH1nKFfhGBMNj9

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3.1.7 Gyroscope Sensor

A gyroscope sensor is a device that measures or maintains orientation and angular velocity. It
is a spinning wheel or disc in which the axis of rotation (spin axis) is free to assume any
orientation by itself. When rotating, the orientation of this axis is unaffected by tilting or
rotation of the mounting, according to the conservation of angular momentum.

Figure 3.1.7 : Gyroscope Sensor

https://images.app.goo.gl/3qsKHTHPJ1VHARQA8

3.2 Software Requirement

3.2.1 Arduino IDE

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment or Arduino Software (IDE) contains a text
editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for common
functions and a series of menus. It connects to the Arduino hardware to upload programs and
communicate with them.

Programs written using Arduino Software (IDE) are called sketches. These sketches are written
in the text editor and are saved with the file extension ‘.INO’. The editor has features for
cutting/pasting and for searching/replacing text. The message area gives feedback while saving
and exporting and displays errors. The console displays text output by the Arduino Software
(IDE), including complete error messages and other information. The bottom right-hand corner
of the window displays the configured board and the serial port. The toolbar button allows you
to verify and upload programs, create, open and save sketches, and open the serial monitor.

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CHAPTER 4 METHODOLOGY

Accident Detection and Alert System is designed with the goal of reducing accident fatalities.
If close contacts of the victims and emergency service providers arrive at the scene of an
accident in time, many lives can be saved.

Accident Detection and Alert System consists of a vibration sensor module that detects
mechanical vibrations in the vehicle at the time of accident. As this system is made for accident
alert, the whole system is to be implemented in the vehicle itself. The vibration sensor module
is the primary component for the accident detection system. This sensor detects any sudden
change in the orientation of the vehicle due to accident and sends this information to the
microcontroller. If the value thus received from the sensor is greater or less than the initialized
value in the microcontroller, then the microcontroller activates the SIM 900A and GPS module.
GPS obtains the latitude and longitude of that location that determines the exact location of the
accident site. And through the SIM 900A module a pre-stored SMS is sent to the pre-defined
contact number which is given in the code. Arduino UNO is the computer of this project that
is used to interface with vibration sensor, GPS, SIM 900A, gyro sensor and other hardware
peripherals.

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4.1 Hardware Development
4.1.1 Block Diagram

Power
Supply

Vibration
Sensor

ARDINO
Gas
UNO
Sensor
Microcontroller
IR
Sensor

Gyroscope
Sensor

GSM
Module

Figure 4.1.1: Block Diagram

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4.2 Software Development
4.2.1 Flowchart

Figure 4.2.1: Flowchart

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5.1 Budget Analysis
Materials required for this project with cost estimation are tabulated below:

Table 5.1: Budget Analysis

Name Quantity Price (Rs)
Arduino Uno 1 1650
SIM 900A 1 2800
MQ-3 Gas Sensor 1 600
IR Sensor 1 300
Gyroscope Sensor GY-521 1 500
Vibration Sensor (SW-420) 1 400
Battery 1 3500
Buzzer 1 100
Miscellaneous - 1000
Total 10850

5.2 Work Schedule

Table 5.2 Gantt Chart

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5.3 Expected Outcomes

The project aims to create an accident detection system and alcohol detection system using an
Arduino Uno module. It shall incorporate various sensors, including a GSM module for
location tracking, a gas sensor for alcohol detection, a blink sensor to prevent driver
drowsiness, and a gyroscope and vibration for monitoring car position. The system will
continuously analyze real-time data from these sensors to identify potential accidents based on
sudden changes in movement or stops. In case of an accident, it will trigger an emergency
response, sending an alert to predefined emergency contacts with the car's location coordinates.
The gas sensor also monitors the driver for alcohol presence, taking appropriate actions if the
threshold is exceeded. Additionally, the system monitors driver alertness and will warns them
if they show signs of falling asleep. It allows users to configure settings such as response time
for emergency alerts and detection thresholds. The system will emphasize reliability, safety,
and a user-friendly interface to enhance road safety and comply with regulations.

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REFERENCES

[1] R. Prasanthi, M.U. Nitish Babu, B. Jaswanth and G.Sumith Chandra, “ACCIDENT
DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM USING ARDUINO,” International Research Journal of
Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, Apr. 2023

[2] C. K. Gomathy, K Rohan, B. Mani Kiran Reddy and V Geetha, “ACCIDENT DETECTION
AND ALERT SYSTEM,” 2021 International Conference on Computing Methodologies and
Communication (ICCMC), 2021

[3] Aarya D.S, Athulya C.K, Anas.P, Basil Kuriakose, Jerin Susan Joy , Leena Thomas,
“ACCIDENT ALERT AND TRACKING USING ARDUINO”, International Journal of
Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 7, Issue 4,
April 2018

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