Chapter 2: Section 2.

8 – Naming Simple Compounds

Chemical Nomenclature

Binary compounds Acids

Dr. Rawan Khalaf, Dept. of Chemistry, An-Najah National University

 Chemical Nomenclature
Binary compounds

Type I: Binary ionic compounds

Often metals (as element name)
+ non-metals (add –ide to the root of the element name)

Type II: Transition metal ionic compounds

metals (Indicate charge on metal with Roman numerals)
+ non-metals (add –ide to the root of the element name)

Type III: Binary covalent compounds

non-metals (as element name)
+ non-metals or metalloids (add –ide to the root of the element name
and Indicate the number of atoms by prefixes)

Dr. Rawan Khalaf, Dept. of Chemistry, An-Najah National University

 Type I: Binary ionic compounds - Examples
BaCl2 Barium chloride
K2O Potassium oxide
Mg(OH)2 Magnesium hydroxide
KNO3 Potassium nitrate
AlCl3 Aluminum chloride
CsF Cesium flouride
LiH Lithium hydride
Na2O Sodium oxide
MgO Magnesium oxide
Dr. Rawan Khalaf, Dept. of Chemistry, An-Najah National University
 Type I: Binary ionic compounds - Note about naming Oxygen:
Examples

O2- Oxide (-2) H2O : Water

Na2O : Sodium oxide
O2 1- Superoxide(-1/2) NaO2 : Sodium superoxide

O2 2- Peroxide (-1) Na2O2: Sodium peroxide

H2O2 : Hydrogen peroxide

Dr. Rawan Khalaf, Dept. of Chemistry, An-Najah National University

 Type II: Transition metal ionic compounds - Examples
FeCl2 Iron (II) chloride FeO Iron (II) oxide
FeCl3 Iron (III) chloride Fe2O3 Iron (III) oxide
CuCl Copper (I) chloride SnO2 Tin (IV) oxide
CuCl2 Copper (II) chloride CuNO2 Copper (I) nitrite
HgCl2 Mercury (II) chloride Cu(NO2)2 Copper (II) nitrite
Hg2Cl2 Mercury (I) chloride CuNO3 Copper (I) nitrate
HgBr2 Mercury (II) bromide Cu(NO3)2 Copper (II) nitrate
Hg2Br2 Mercury (I) bromide PbO Lead (II) oxide
Cr2S3 Chromium (III) sulfide PbO2 Lead (IV) oxide
 Type III: Binary covalent compounds - Examples
CO Carbon monoxide N3- Nitride
CO2 Carbon dioxide S2- Sulfide
NO Nitrogen monoxide NF3 nitrogen triflouride
NO2 Nitrogen dioxide SO2 Sulfur dioxide
NO2- nitrite N2Cl4 dinitrogen tetrachloride
NO3 Nitrogen trioxide SO3 sulfur trioxide
NO3- nitrate SO32- sulfite ion
N2O dinitrogen monoxide SO42- sulfate ion
N2O4 dinitrogen tetroxide SO4 sulfur tetroxide
Type III: Binary covalent compounds – molecular compounds containing H
EXCEPTION in naming (No prefixes)

HI hydrogen iodide
H2O water
B2H6 diborane
H2S hydrogen sulfide
SiH4 silane
CH4 mathane
NH3 ammonia

Dr. Rawan Khalaf, Dept. of Chemistry, An-Najah National University

 Chemical Nomenclature
Acids

1- Without oxygen: The acid is named with the prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic if the anion ends in -ide
(Hydro…… ic acid)

1- With oxygen (oxyanions):

-The suffix –ic is added to the root name if the anion name ends in –ate
-The suffix –ous is added to the root name if the anion name ends in -ite

Dr. Rawan Khalaf, Dept. of Chemistry, An-Najah National University

 1: Acids without oxygen – Examples
(Hydro…….ic acid)

Anion Corresponding acid

F- (Fluoride) HF: hydrofluoric acid
Cl- (Chloride) HCl: hydrochloric acid
Br- (Bromide) HBr: hydrobromic acid
I- (Iodide) HI: hydroiodic acid
CN- (Cyanide) HCN: hydrocyanic acid
S2- (Sulfide) H2S: hydrosulfuric acid

Dr. Rawan Khalaf, Dept. of Chemistry, An-Najah National University

 2: Acids with oxygen
Reference acids
HClO3 Chloric acid
HIO3 Iodic acid
HBrO3 Bromic acid
HNO3 Nitric acid
H2SO4 Sulfuric acid
H2CO3 Carbonic acid
H2SnO4 Stanic acid
H3PO4 Phosphoric acid
Dr. Rawan Khalaf, Dept. of Chemistry, An-Najah National University
 2: Acids with oxygen
Oxoacid: is an acid that contains H, O and other element

Dr. Rawan Khalaf, Dept. of Chemistry, An-Najah National University

 2: Acids with oxygen
Oxoacid: is an acid that contains H, O and other Oxoanion: is an oxoacid after removal of all
element H+ ions

HClO4 Perchloric acid ClO4- Perchlorate

HClO3 Chloric acid ClO3- Chlorate
HClO2 Chlorous acid ClO2- Chlorite
HClO Hypochlorous acid ClO- Hypochlorite

Notes, when more than two oxyanions make up a series:

1- Use prefix hypo- (less than) to name members of the series with the fewest O2 atoms
2- Use the prefix per- (more than) to name members of the series with the most O2 atoms

Dr. Rawan Khalaf, Dept. of Chemistry, An-Najah National University

 2: Acids with oxygen
Oxoacid: is an acid that contains H, O and other element

HIO2 Iodous acid

H2SO3 Sulfurous acid
HBrO4 perbromic acid
H2CO2 carbonous acid
H3PO2 Phosphorous acid

Dr. Rawan Khalaf, Dept. of Chemistry, An-Najah National University

 2: Acids with oxygen
Oxoacid: is an acid that contains H, O and other element
Oxoacid -H+ oxoanion NO3- nitrate
ic ate
ous ite NO2- nitrite
HSO4- Hydrogen sulfate
HCO3- Hydrogen carbonate
CO32- Carbonate
BrO2- bromite
IO4- periodate

Dr. Rawan Khalaf, Dept. of Chemistry, An-Najah National University