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HTML Handbook

This document provides an overview of HTML, including its basic structure and elements. It discusses HTML tags, attributes, and nesting elements. It also covers the head and body sections, common page elements like headings, paragraphs, and links. More advanced topics like semantic HTML, multimedia embedding, forms, and HTML5 features are explained. Best practices around validation, accessibility, SEO and responsiveness are also outlined.

Uploaded by

mohammadjaloudi2
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
25 views

HTML Handbook

This document provides an overview of HTML, including its basic structure and elements. It discusses HTML tags, attributes, and nesting elements. It also covers the head and body sections, common page elements like headings, paragraphs, and links. More advanced topics like semantic HTML, multimedia embedding, forms, and HTML5 features are explained. Best practices around validation, accessibility, SEO and responsiveness are also outlined.

Uploaded by

mohammadjaloudi2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HTML Handbook

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction:
1.1 What is HTML?
1.2 Purpose of HTML
1.3 Basic Structure of an HTML Document
2. HTML Elements
2.1 Tags
2.2 Attributes
2.3 Nesting Elements
3. Document Structure
3.1 Head Section
3.1.1 Meta Tags
3.1.2 Title Tag
3.1.3 Link Tag
3.2 Body Section
3.2.1 Heading Tags
3.2.2 Paragraph Tag
3.2.3 Lists (Ordered and Unordered)
3.2.4 Anchor Tag
3.2.5 Image Tag
3.2.6 Forms
4. Advanced HTML
4.1 Semantic HTML
4.2 Multimedia Tags (Audio and Video)
4.3 Canvas Tag
4.4 SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)
4.5 iFrames
4.6 Tables
4.7 Deprecated Tags
5. HTML5 Features
5.1 New Structure Elements

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5.2 New Form Elements
5.3 New Input Types
5.4 Local Storage
5.5 WebSockets
5.6 Geolocation
6. Best Practices
6.1 Valid HTML
6.2 Accessibility
6.3 SEO-Friendly HTML
6.4 Mobile Responsiveness
7. Common Issues and Troubleshooting
7.1 Validation Errors
7.2 Browser Compatibility
7.3 Performance Considerations

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1. Introduction
1.1 What is HTML?
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language
for creating and designing web pages. It is used to structure content on the
web and is an essential technology for building websites.
1.2 Purpose of HTML
The primary purpose of HTML is to provide a standardized way to
structure content on the web, allowing browsers to interpret and display
information in a readable format. HTML works in conjunction with
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and JavaScript to create a complete web
experience.
1.3 Basic Structure of an HTML Document
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Your Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Your content goes here -->
</body>
</html>

This basic structure includes the <!DOCTYPE html> declaration, the opening and closing <html>
tags, the <head> section for metadata, and the <body> section for the visible content.

2. HTML Elements
2.1 Tags
HTML uses tags to define elements on a web page. Tags are enclosed in angle brackets,
and most have opening and closing tags. For example:

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

Here, <p> is the opening tag, and </p> is the closing tag.

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2.2 Attributes
Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements and are always included in the
opening tag. For example:

<a href="https://www.example.com">Visit Example.com</a>


In this case, href is an attribute that specifies the hyperlink's destination.

2.3 Nesting Elements


HTML elements can be nested inside other elements, creating a hierarchical structure. For
example:
<div>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph inside a division.</p>
</div>

3. Document Structure
3.1 Head Section
3.1.1 Meta Tags

Meta tags provide metadata about the HTML document, such as character set and
viewport settings.

<meta charset="UTF-8">

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

3.1.2 Title Tag

The <title> tag sets the title of the HTML document, which appears in the browser's title bar or
tab.

<title>Your Page Title</title>

3.1.3 Link Tag

The <link> tag is used to link external resources, such as stylesheets.

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">

3.2 Body Section


3.2.1 Heading Tags

HTML provides heading tags <h1> to <h6> for structuring content with different levels of
importance.

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<h1>Main Heading</h1>
<h2>Subheading</h2>

3.2.2 Paragraph Tag

The <p> tag is used for paragraphs of text.

<p>This is a paragraph of text.</p>

3.2.3 Lists (Ordered and Unordered)

Use <ul> for unordered lists and <ol> for ordered lists.

<ul>
<li>Item 1</li>
<li>Item 2</li>
</ul>

<ol>
<li>First item</li>
<li>Second item</li>
</ol>

3.2.4 Anchor Tag

The <a> tag creates hyperlinks.

<a href="https://www.example.com">Visit Example.com</a>

3.2.5 Image Tag

The <img> tag embeds images.

<img src="image.jpg" alt="Description of the image">

3.2.6 Forms

Forms are used to collect user input.

<form action="/submit" method="post">


<label for="username">Username:</label>
<input type="text" id="username" name="username">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

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4. Advanced HTML
4.1 Semantic HTML
Semantic HTML elements convey meaning to both browsers and developers. Examples
include <header>, <footer>, <article>, and <nav>.

4.2 Multimedia Tags (Audio and Video)


Use <audio> and <video> tags to embed multimedia content.

<audio controls>
<source src="audio.mp3" type="audio/mp3">
Your browser does not support the audio element.
</audio>

<video width="320" height="240" controls>


<source src="video.mp4" type="video/mp4">
Your browser does not support the video element.
</video>

4.3 Canvas Tag


The <canvas> tag is used for drawing graphics, animations, or other visual images.

<canvas id="myCanvas" width="200" height="100"></canvas>


<script>
var canvas = document.getElementById("myCanvas");
var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
ctx.fillStyle = "red";
ctx.fillRect(10, 10, 50, 50);
</script>

4.4 SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)


SVG is an XML-based vector image format. It is used for creating graphics and icons.

<svg width="100" height="100">


<circle cx="50" cy="50" r="40" stroke="black" stroke-width="3" fill="red" />
</svg>

4.5 iFrames
The <iframe> tag embeds external content into a web page.

<iframe src="https://www.example.com" width="600" height="400"></iframe>

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4.6 Tables
Use the <table>, <tr>, <th>, and <td> tags to create tables.

<table>
<tr>
<th>Header 1</th>
<th>Header 2</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Row 1, Cell 1</td>
<td>Row 1, Cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>

4.7 Deprecated Tags


Some HTML tags are deprecated and should be avoided. For example, use CSS for styling instead
of <font>.

5. HTML5 Features
5.1 New Structure Elements
HTML5 introduces structural elements like <header>, <footer>, <nav>, and <article> for better
document organization.

5.2 New Form Elements


New input types, such as <input type="email"> and <input type="url">, enhance form handling.

5.3 New Input Types


HTML5 introduces new input types like <input type="date">, <input type="color">, and <input
type="range">.

5.4 Local Storage


The localStorage API allows storing data locally on the user's device.

5.5 WebSockets
WebSockets enable real-time communication between the client and server.

5.6 Geolocation
HTML5 provides the Geolocation API for obtaining the user's geographical location.

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6. Best Practices
6.1 Valid HTML
Always validate your HTML using tools like the W3C Markup Validation Service.

6.2 Accessibility
Ensure your HTML is accessible to users with disabilities. Use semantic HTML and
provide alternative text for images.

6.3 SEO-Friendly HTML


Structure your content logically, use descriptive tags, and include relevant metadata for
better search engine optimization.

6.4 Mobile Responsiveness


Design your web pages to be responsive, ensuring a positive user experience across
various devices.

7. Common Issues and Troubleshooting


7.1 Validation Errors
Address validation errors promptly to ensure your HTML adheres to standards.

7.2 Browser Compatibility


Test your web pages on different browsers to ensure consistent rendering.

7.3 Performance Considerations


Optimize your HTML for performance by minimizing unnecessary elements and
optimizing images.

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