Atomic Sthructuu

Atom An atsm is th& mallt cemend that

ut o an
my ay maynat taue independent existence Jous takesa
pagt in a
chemal Eacton
Thu a mad mas
upo ill smallu panicles
Amauut chaTgl
Electsan 9 1o = xt6-%
Nataan (2 T Thomaen) e}
Preton (P) :6925x1o2kal.s x loisC_/y-0 x l6eu
eletostatic
NotatiarCH") by (Gnsldstein)
Neutren ( n ) 1 6 4 5 xl6 24 Neutral

Netatar -( ) b y - Chadwick )

E Repzesentatfion oan Atum Atomie No.)

A
CX Smbal atsm ) (Z:
X CA mas number Cntp)

Tsoto pe Atom nauing ama atamic o. but d enent

moLsno.
Prrat um CP 1 n=o,e =i)
H Deutium CP=, n= e-iD
Exampe
nitium Cp =i,n:2c=1)
Radfo cehe
6 3S
CC Cc N N

Sebau: AHoms couingame ma no.but diyenent

gtomicnu mbel
40 14
(97 C N
 Ruthan Td ode
dinand heay
He-peuedht_afam
mb ouy
NLeus_at (enoe o aroM-
heu_delledn
-panticlea_ pa
Dast odha
3 ume iw delectr y keu angle
n 200o9 Ae dejlected almatt
enye
ac aron8 enp
He concluded mest a dhA
TNO tictes deptecteet cxSinT
2
Angle delectton

No-opasticlks olekeeteo 2 tan fsen

He3ad that e 1eirsiue 1urd dha nucleus

inacuein pih Mox uall ad hat
acclesat chasge patticle when Jetde hen 1t
Noy
enéngubyemithng adoJün ) and usill
ultimatel alintsnuleu, dnd atam w?l
relap.
IDidn pein n-Pechum H-atam.
oapettiS Crae
Chtgg guandiza J = ne

= 6 Xlo
Chage Ja a cala 9un ft.

9-xl0 v m

- Yeten tiak Eneng

 Date 16/ o? 22 Page No 3

Electvomagnatic auo
Thay Jequine no medum Jo Pro pogate
Th
Electric Feld
Electi Naue
Magne tie Fetld

LhaliMIh.
PRag nathc Naue

0Dinectien o sacilatian oelectric and maqnetic

ed 1 to each
ethorand alss Lo dfectian
epiepogatfon g waue
is EMwave dent Jequire any medium gen
pTSpogatcn . n vacc um , E M Waue
raue usith
&peed o fghd C 3X 16msecl.
i hen Em waue enten om9ne mecfum de
anothen then its uelscfty Chang e but
Jemajn ame .
TequencY
A= m
Cest hm lo m
YWauelength ( -12

Phnplityde
pm o
nplKole
Fssugh

Waw ength C): Dis tance betucen tuo ccaSe Cutie

Crest traugh.
9+ s meapuud m, cm,fcte,
 Date 1ot 22 Page No.: O4

Amplitude Cad Height a cTest an depth

augh.
ntensity ca
Big htnes

Fsequoncy (v) No. wgue paabng thsugh a

paint Jnane econd. ( = me )
V= CsPeec al light?
Neu Cuength o Waue leng th)
Unit= HestCHz)a Sec

# Velocity Distance auelled by ue in isec

Unft Cm Sec m Isec

Waue Number ( ) Numbe s Waues_preut I
Gn unt o dength
tnt M m

Onden o Waue length o tM waues 4oe rcm Sen m

Radio
Radis WdU muco waue IntxLNed >
visîble>v
X- rays > Grama
iaya CosmicG Ray8

nds ieguncy Enengg

Goma Rau
X-aus> U Visible>
Snraned> Mso WeIN> Radie wae

Shoet-T-ick t Classicggadi X V un my Ran

 Wat /8ec.

Electron valt (ev); UnSt oenengu

(iev=6 xlo J)
Tatal Enengy gain by electron hun_
to a_pgtental_dieience
acelenated sam aat
o volt Rndutn as LeV. jvet durbitsteation
stode
E+PrE Ck-Ep+PE

+
chengy 3un
objepdue to t
e
motio

-LE)galn-

Panticle Nadtune Em Waue

Enpeniment uwhfch weu eaplaineol enly ypaUntic le
nafune_au-

Black Bacly Racdiatian

Phstoeletic eject
Lihe-pectvum o -atam

Bhck Bady fadiatan (BBR)

all
Back Bedy Redy uhid amits and absambs
neuencyis called black body.
Radktn emitel b black bady called BRR.

2
eT
9ntet
BBR

X
Waue length (2)
Tempenatune
 Date Page No

Aa uaue Jength decveasedndensfty ntseasey and

becema mximum a paticuday wauolength ad he
+hen
stants dessasig-
shen empertww ncsicases, ntety al nee
But maximum ntenalty n d
but c kusun uauelerqth

#
hun 9san Jec heated Jt_ tusns Jed and hen n

unthu heating beames blus wquelength

olecs eaes
Areanding do Ray efgh Jeu
CHe tosk Waue natuse o MW)

# These o r , BBR s not enpaned

8 Waue natuu Emw, lateian_
9nters Plan k quartum hecay erplair
BBR y_pontfcle natune
Waueleng th

PanR' qantum dheeny

ftams mskecules emits al abaamba enengy in
d'scete guantities called gquantun T photon
Eneng a phatons art dentfcal
Tata Enegg Js indegsad rau tiple og enengy a
_pNoiun._
T E nx to n No hotans
Taule E E hv =hC 6 6 xlo Js
LPlan a cana tant
ta= /240 EV Celectron valt)
Cn m x (o
 Date Page No

Pheto eletruc Eeet

Phato aertrfc eleetrs

Photo electC

whan ht s tauble euencyjalls a n metul ounace

hen e an emiteet whih au called photo electons
Cund cuJnert_ ushsch klaus is Rhousr a phatpcunet
and oll_pheomenan is called phatpelectic ehfect
e
cUe giectel jntently thww s no lag
sbetuonstvieng a ght eam and jection electop

Wank Functian (O. a nWo) Minimum enungu

Siegusud, by e to escape sanm meta sudace
depends enly an atuu o mdal.

Wo hva

hovheld athoexhold wauelength

iequency,2
Fon Ptrodo elect sfc ekect o
Fan

9ntersityBofahtneas
sregvenc Calau
9tenaty h no phatens shiRing sh
metal plate pA7 untE ana pe Secand.
 Date Page No.
7
#Mane intenalty , maru phatan

fheb ing mane hats electtr

(uunt 4 eneated and man
phato cwuert
Snteraf tu

2.
t I aequny hreae thon thon
Phap KE a e incseabes but no.c
Cwnert
e 1emajna (ssfat nd hence
phato cuULIent_S1emajns (cntant

Eieguen

S ndpendent ol fndensity

Stensty
# hstein phete electTo equatan
E

KE EhVhv
mx +C

-ho
- Practic
ally K.t Cat
renuen ey ntensity-? be negatfe So, 1h
p tfen cbsn ann n
eTelctfcal
 Patential
#Stoppihg etenial (u a
upplynegatiuepotental
o n colecfon phie
u a electvans a e Jepe lled-
dhen plha.to cuuient decreace 2eno whe
and d oni stage, culerd becomA
VA Auicfentdo epeL dtho electvons tasng
axinun RE.
Ns
RE)na
Put r Einstein equ atian
eVs
Vs hV-hs h
e

Atamic Madal
Bshr syatemike
Applicable nly singe CTS,

H, HeT, * , 8e1,B

Pauhulates i
anCund nucleus Jn ciruwan palh
ilectrens mass
cled onita s

auing Jadiiy and enengy

tationamy state.
in anbit dau nat change usTHAU
nangy
tim ut ushen unps am kUn to higken
e

ad
enmgsb s6it Jt abzanbs enngy emts
Jsuwn ft
sh jumps ram g h n to
enag b clik. inA
Eneagy abanmba s emited ja oqua!
enengg 6 o tuo Gibks.

A6 EE- Erelksud
 Ekectro mau enl n haae nbi ë a n ushfoh
angula mamentum as eleetadn Sneqn tpl« ek_
x e d oits a alauRd
heene only
no
h (n= nawnai
C l ,- -
Hngusen

hplaun Rs canstan

mun n

Ve oct a e n nb ne

2 8 A1o x2m/sec
2 18 lo
V=Vo

Date

Sn SL3X A
A1-m

H-atsm

Sxlo n

TaT
2 A Jlon
VO 1XK 2

Dale -

## a u e n -
4 acdatian a Enengy e
T61 Takal énengy_ KE Kme tic ahena
fatenda nang

Re k (e) (ze)- FZe -

2e

2
Centoipttaacer

Z e 2 Fo7ce

KE

Date-- PMg o.

T.E

T.E KE

Lat T.E iepn e>ented bu

KZe

F2em

MTR
13-62 eVJatam
E= =2.18 102
x
atam-
n

1312 /rh-

#E_-13.6 x 2 EVatam-
n
yn E
2 21T E1
Date/_I Page No.

and n2 al onbta
n

136*2 E 13-6 x
Eh

AE En En
AE -13.6 x 2 13 6 x 22

AE 13 62

DE 13 6 2
n
h E 13-6 h
/13./3.6

Red bwE Contant

RH2n Rydbng-fanmula
dbng
n
RH - m
Cm
to36tcm
 Page No.

Oale-=
dagram 51NQran
Jesel

S -2C4E-s
,Jey

quaund su (n=l
ncited Stade CE-S9: GthuLthan

nn CLE nmun enET9y eqwTed

onoton
9raund Aate (ns to n
t0emOuR

T E= 136 2 V
-ushan ho LEs in Jaule
ganfzatfan Patenhia

hengy 1,uded 0 emouu e

Ë|Excitotfon Igy

-62 AA-
n

Dato--- Page No.

Birlng Eneny on Sepenatån Enanay 9

eued to e mOU Kom an sfate D-
Jnnite (),_SE
 Page a

Spectrum Cattenn g radatians )

Ba sed an @ni
Baxed, an utuue
Emiasian p e c h r u m R b s a n p r
|ntinuous D s c e t e
Peettm SpEctt ghe DT fe lou
highM

ne speciUm Band

E9obtaln -nsm
maecS

etomb

(Gntinudu èpectnum

LPhatogaphe
Pidte

Date - Page No

FNo s Spectrek n e

No Max en diedt graund leuet.

ines 2 n (nD

No .oma xiros= 4nCAnt

An Di- n
 Page No

Date__ H-atam
#Spetrel LPnes og

HumPhUN
See S
P-fund
BaeRett
Sli n 3
Paschen = 2
Senie
Ba lme
Sale
Cvisfble t9naTed Rary
yman Tegen
Seie

CUv-Rays
2,3,4
Lyman Series 2 ,t
BalmerSenies n t,S, ---

3
aschen Sesues
4 n2S,6,
BTacRett Senies
6,+
P- fud enies ns 5 n t , 8 ---

Humphe Seues
RN n n
Lyman eries 2
2
f i t ne (aint 2
CP-Line
Secsnd fne
est
Last in alba called deue mit an manginalL
JnaJast ln ha m aximuun 'enungy
and
minimuno. auelengthi.
3t s the Ahantat Lhe
fet inn hao the maxîmun uwaue (ength ard
munimum eneg
 Dale--
# d e 5 g l i e Hype ahesisr CDucu, nattu. o elecTsen
E E mc

m Repleice CbY V

P enu

Nalid. al eC ept phSMn.

a cange piantfel a o g cha19 da

- am
#fo7 iesron
A

age

#|Heisenb en_'s Uncestaintrindiple

Ëxact_pasitfon and nomentom_ogst iDg
panticle (an'tbe detesmioc. Occua te ly ato paqticoh
fïne Slqnilicant only_han_microscopl< object)
4 AA An Ap =_ 4*

4
lan dfsplace met
a n g u l momnertuno

X d|

AP

AE-t
ecentung 1picethaCOnCt Lntte
itb rct Pbab iNty

Page No

Dalo
*Lituona cBehys Macdel
Paplaun Jhe_specIo e_ctsms rea Fin
i
(euldn"t
He
man Than h{
oueln 't aplan jho splitt og salno u
He Ceoagnrkficld_Lzeemn elkcct2 arel

elecdsice ld fande-bzcqlie
)couldy't_explah
efe typaha73 cnd
Hesenbng 2reneuntypLnCupie -
 Page No

Date

Atsmic bital tals2

Atsm shell>subshell

Cn S,P,d,b CPPP)
3Efono Apae nsncd
Cnki tal I t s thu Lincing
Ducles ehwu pratotilfty
Mgxfroun. (5%)
is 2
sata
Maximam no o e in sne
#Lyees e «nkftas
1 S- s t f t a l . -

Spheuiajnshape
land
V-Nodal P u n a n z No dal f
2. P-7tal
Node Noda PTaNe

-> Node
P
Node
mding isO.
Nsd fan at shfch_prebasirty 7 9 , NZ Nelkfane

3. d - n t ° t a s -

Natt

Nodedy2 dnz
Y2, YX Nod
edal flane Plane
 Page

wO hade (rU

Nedal Phng Ran ad which._pnobabili*

Sineng e _ s zeno
Nsdalpkin

Cne-
Suatum Nunbend:
Set sk 4 nunberzs hieh ssmplefely dene
n an atam
ainipal uantun numben (nD
t Rents shekln9
Pmksible valuo to ,(ng N).
NNo
o shull
e subsne inqiuGn he
can accemcidaje ms than 32c

hgulan memendum d she

She I Sukahe Gnbita

S
2.. L S,P
S,id 4 3 S -9

SPd,f 3 S 9=
16 | 37
 Ahell =
n_
No smb tals n gfuen

Eqt:
den enuy2ti-L tzt
l
-L
Ea=E2La

bu gdp a e c o s d

hngulan manentun
nhal Ciandum N o ( : = 7 Gasital
HLtum aurnbe/ Saban
epieber auphal numa.

idiuo J 0 Jo Cn-1)
ble Name
Sph&7icaa
Sho
ninopa Dunble
Tundomehtau

MbAhe

2S
3S,SP1
23

vLCtL)
b/tal Hgufan f60 ehfum

Ehgnedi &uan twm Nurnbs 2la

t describes iendeen eg_a2g tals-
M
P,P
2 2,-2,0,1, _dng dg 2 , da *
Each Value decnibe SN SH fal_

a and dn can nten char

intonchange da 3 d2 can intenc hange

e n uantum Numben CS sn Ms)

ushethen cock.wss an a
Denibe &pih e
ceckuse

Elodeuls LAat-clocR-ise
Ldosn sptn
atfcockwae
Any alu cannepnesent clsc Ruwse

Tatalspîn (s) E2Na-unainad eetran

2

%*
No. unpaed e
S
pin Angulon 'omentuun s&t)
Date
21s1 41
Peimun Spih pleity
(M.M)
CL) mpatkart
Spin Magnuic mament B M
Bahn ugnitan
no. unpairud e

2 6 2-02
ts 3-8-

= J3s- 5,32-

Uto CLnpained e P na n
SPed CCalouned)
eak afsnacd turnoo mgra ie d :
u - o C No un palned e ) Dia monaePe e l u n iea>)

Da aeepea a tourandA magratie

eld.
Peaeniaeand nan degenenate n t a l s i
S a m e eneHE_
orbtala Jaelanging o m Mubotellar
d nate.
C3 ald dege nenaey
(Sold degane a -

hekr
paanee aeedni and maqnaBic }reld
degenu1 getA dearaye

_
4 Eleefronic ooiqungfor
ling e n ah atom.
-No
KeAesentatian_
k e
shulf- Substul-

Dald

faulTs. ncuson incple

No duo _e h an-
atem can haue all am uartu 4
Only 2 e can beaccanedotedin

tunds Rle e Diaxmum luhprety

) = 1 s l + 1 .

kapce n ha gnta na 4
Paining
AubehalL mHil each enbttal Ja eccupd
-
e n_panalle spin
 Dut

amba0 Table
TEENCYE_erg
n

A1 e 1aTad encha.ngeJo

Rug kLL ndple

iSngle
3p 3d< Us-p =4d -
nden aS 25-
Enngy

D3Nn0EL22

3d Up2 phun ' Kidn ury 4

s
2

25 <2 3p2ts43dH eSs<deS

e7g Tht onbitals ia th ma bshell

decyoca e aith h c v c a n fha arMÍL nOO

Umany .

S.
J-P2

hzodngen blaue mecanice hodel

n dhfa mdel dual natuag ne nd T
hia msde canaidenasaSncng

ncuanimpltve awe

Speiatarr nc *n

tapdCran aPe

SX*m

Hamitshian
= H.
 Dale
ntegTal en o ctod Tn4
aanhun 0. au

Dphinira jdilatcs= ,e,9

(Radfuy) q5ADeio Due

USin 8SPn Ccia atitude - ans C2enth ang.

ta a g a m a angle2
Sin Sth

/n
m
Soding en eq gr S quantum nd. (n,,
#SoluHGn a V f(9,9, 0)
Sph guanhum . nct guan NS
frretdntra h

( n -1)
Rad'al Node /Sphunleol Mode
C3
3 CS4-D
-
Nooa a l elanc Pe)
ngula
lota de ENt AV_(n -
Da --'=

derni catiao obau_faniin

Thdm Tsent a ier

-2 **-

ssme pakpnsn i a n r s
Sshn r a d t u s
ds prEm Tmucte
FmTuctews
aa ta e
n PNndpat uardu- be

and )
F(O,O * ( Seme tenms in
Wan Rnq. toal
h t o ge *h
u foget Seca (Encept pelsnemiL)

CUtoqet 'h ean nela+ien btur Cantesian a

plufcal_coancdrate.

iu)toget h o. sadal pao See deqee polyon¥

al
 naphs
Radfal Waw nction (R)
f o 1 smdial nocda
s 2S
R

Cdstancekrom nuc teus)

fan uDpadial Aode
3

# OfhU_ Cur tals

RoV RN-
R 2p/3dYP 3p14d 1sf

p ,Sd,6f
# 6naph fa amian anp,d gf
Gnly dhune s thain dtance
Tam ucd eusS
 Dal"-
2. Racl prebabxlty denalnby

in
of peak dereasa h hcrease dist1e
Haight
-2P 13di9t

RN2
Sdl6f_

| bnoba bYlhy denaYy jar s-onital na kTrmun at Mt feus

tanp,d.tProbakrIty dedty ocIs Zenot
nucleu do nd maxima put R ) =
4RacikProbabfltyfunction (v'n
RNEO (RN
2s 13plud Tst

an

Date -

PN3

A
Heght feak nereae
tokfnd Maxîmau d (Yn kJ)=o