CC4057NI INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Module Code & Module Title

CC4057NI Introduction to Information Systems

Assessment Weightage & Type

30% Individual Coursework

Year and Semester

2021-22 Spring

Student Name: Aarohan Subedi

Group: C13
London Met ID:
College ID:
Assignment Due Date:
Assignment Submission Date:

I confirm that I understand my coursework needs to be submitted online via Google Classroom under the
relevant module page before the deadline in order for my assignment to be accepted and marked. I am
fully aware that late submissions will be treated as non-submission and a marks of zero will be awarded.

AAROHAN SUBEDI
CC4057NI INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEM ...................................................... 5
1.1 Benefits of Information Systems (IS) ...................................................................... 5
1.2 Data processing ................................................................................................. 5
1.3 Components of Information System (IS) ............................................................ 7
1.4 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 7
2. Description of data, information, database and DBMS ................................................ 7
2.1 Data ....................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Information .......................................................................................................... 8
2.3 Database................................................................................................................ 8
2.4 Need and applicability of Database ...................................................................... 9
2.5 Database Management System (DBMS) ............................................................... 9
2.6 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 10
3 Designing a database................................................................................................. 10
Scenario of the organization ...................................................................................... 10
Entities and their description ...................................................................................... 11
Attributes and its description ...................................................................................... 12
List of primary key ...................................................................................................... 13
Relationship between Entities .................................................................................... 13
4. Entity Relationship Diagram ...................................................................................... 14
5. Personal reflection of learning ................................................................................... 15

AAROHAN SUBEDI
CC4057NI INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 (Information system data processing model)..................................................... 6

AAROHAN SUBEDI
CC4057NI INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 (Table of Entities and its description) ............................................................... 11

Table 2 (table of attribute and its descriptions).............................................................. 12
Table 3(relationship between Entities) .......................................................................... 13

AAROHAN SUBEDI
CC4057NI INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

1. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEM

“Information system is the united set of various components which collects, analyze,
retrieve, process, keeps records of the information organize the information to brace
decision making and supervision of the organization (Anurodh, 2003).”

The motive why IS are required in the day to day functioning of the firm is that with
the benefit of information system, a firm can have better decision taking,
recommended planning which leads to better results.

Hence, when properly implemented IS will help a firm operate more efficiently and
effectively.

1.1 Benefits of Information Systems (IS)

 It helps in management of a firm by properly organizing and managing the raw
data and records.
 It helps in making decision, building models, background.
 Quality of a product is vital issue so the IS gives certain specification in order to
decide the quality of the information.
 The various components of IS helps to perform input, processing, output, storage
and control activities that convert raw data into information products.
 It helps to grow the communication abilities and its methods.
 Customize data in order to make the functioning of a firm easy.

1.2 Data processing

The process of conversion of raw unorganized data into well managed organized form
is known as Data processing. Data processing can be explained with a help of data
processing model as shown below.

AAROHAN SUBEDI
CC4057NI INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Figure 1 (Information system data processing model)

Input, processing and output are the main three enterprise in an information system
that gives the information a firm require. The input function to collect the raw
unorganized data from the firm or from its exterior surrounding. Processing reshapes
this raw input into a meaningful form. Output conveys the shaped information to the
user or clients who will use it. Information system also require critique which is
output resent to suitable members of the firm to help their evaluation and correct the
input stage.

AAROHAN SUBEDI
CC4057NI INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

1.3 Components of Information System (IS)

Information System consists of four main components and they are listed below

 Data: It may be the raw static facts, information, quantities, or symbol operated
by the computer which may be stored and transferred in the form of electric
signals.
 Processes: In this stage the data are processed by the system software. Here
steps are taken to pull off the desired output or outcome.
 People: People are the non-negotiable components of the IS. From the front line
worker to the chief information officer all are the essential assets for IS.
 Technology: Application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes can be
described as a technology. It consists of components like hardware and software.

Each component is blended with each other to help decision making, coordination,
management of a firm for achieving business objective.

1.4 Conclusion
Hence Information system is the set of various components (data, processes, people,
technology) which records, analyze, maintain, record, store information to help a firm
run smoothly .It works under a model of feeding data i.e. input, processing the input
and performing various operations to achieve the outcome as output and feedback of
output is given and changes are made accordingly.

2. Description of data, information, database and DBMS

2.1 Data
Data is the information stored and processed by a computer. They are transferred in the
form of electric signals. This information may be in the form of text, images, audios,
videos or may be other types of data. At the rudimental level data are in the form of
bunch of zero and ones knows as binary data (fernendez, 2008).

In other words data can be called as observation and measurement collected by the
means of report. Data that is stored as numbers is known as quantitative data whereas
the data that is recorded as text is known as qualitative data.

AAROHAN SUBEDI
CC4057NI INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Example: Let us consider a black cat (he) with some white patches in some body parts.

QUALITATIVE DATA

 He is all black except for his paws, chest, chin and some parts of his tummy are
white.
 Hair is short in length.

QUANTITATIVE DATA

 He is 40 cm tall.
 He weighs 7 kg.

2.2 Information
When the data is processed, structured, organized and presented in a given
circumstances to make it useful then the processed data is called information.

In other words it can be defined as the converted electrical signal which is transmitted
forward in order to gain output or outcome.

Example

 Student average grade for each class.

 List of search result that contains variety of dog videos.

2.3 Database
A database is a well assembled collection of data that are interrelated in a meaningful
way which can be acquired in different logical forms but are stored just once. The data
in a database is hence integrated, structured and shared

The chief property of data in a database:

 It is well organized.
 It is interrelated

AAROHAN SUBEDI
CC4057NI INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

 It is affable in various orders without huge difficulty.

 Data is stored just once.

2.4 Need and applicability of Database

 There are various different methods to store and analyze data in database
Example: data in the form of documents, spreadsheet, text files, images etc.
 It have diverse views of the data for different uses.
 It make sure data is consistent and error free.
 Without any effort it select subsets of the data as required for a specific purpose.
 It understands and sees relationship between data.
 It avoids data duplication.
 Helps to develop reports, keep record of staff and clients of a firm, perform
research and also helps in longitudinal tracking.

Example: Facebook have a user database from which it verifies users when they log
into Facebook account.

2.5 Database Management System (DBMS)

A database management system is a package of software designed to explain,
manipulate, retrieve, and organize data in a database. A DBMS manages data,
database engine, provide data security, data integrity and uniform data administration
mechanisms.

DBMS grows the organization of data by maintaining a database scheme design

method known as normalization, which separate a large table into many smaller tables
when any of its features have degradation in values. DBMS offer multiple benefits over
old gone file systems, indulging flexibility and a more complex backup system.

TYPES OF DBMS

 Object oriented database.

 Network database.
 Hierarchical database.

AAROHAN SUBEDI
CC4057NI INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

 Relational database: A relational database management system is a system

where data is arranged in dual-dimensional table using columns and rows.
This is one of the widely popular data models which is used in IT field. It is based
on SQL. Every table in database has a unique key field called primary key.
RDBMS software is easily accessible for workstation, pc and large mainframe
systems.
Example: Oracle Database, My SQL

2.6 Conclusion
Here we knew that data and information are the main aspects of a database. They give
the base of formation of database. Database is organized set of information which helps
to makes the execution of a firm simple. Relational database management system is a
type of DBMS which organizes data in dual-dimensional table in form of row and
columns. This software works in every pc and is accessible easily so it is widely used
world wise.

3 Designing a database
Scenario of the organization
A company has many departments. Each departments has a supervisor and at least
one employee. Employees must be assigned to at least a single but possibly more
departments. At least a single employee is assigned to a work or a project, but an
employee may be on leave and not assigned to any projects. The important data
columns are the names of the departments, projects, supervisors and employees, as
well as supervisor and employee number and a unique project number.

AAROHAN SUBEDI
CC4057NI INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Entities and their description

ENTITY NAME DESCRIPTION
1. Department A functional or a territorial division which
take care of the aspects falling under the
given division.
2. Supervisor A person who supervises or controls the
department and its work falling under his
responsibility or territory.
3. Employee Department A division which takes care of employee
their performances as well as every
aspects of an employee.
4. Employee A person who belongs to employee
department who works for the company in
order to achieve the goals.
5. Project Project can be defined as the work which
need to be completed within given
deadline.
Table 1 (Table of Entities and its description)

AAROHAN SUBEDI
CC4057NI INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Attributes and its description

Attributes Data Type Description
Department Name Varchar(30) It is the name of the
divisions of the company in
various sectors
Department ID (PK) INT The unique number given
to a division in order to
make it different from the
other division.
Employee Name Varchar(30) Identity of an employee
which may be same for
more than one people.
Location Varchar(30) It gives the place where
employee stay.
Supervisor ID INT Uniquely identifies the
supervisor of each division.
Salary Decimal It gives the value for work
of the employee in
measurable form
Employee ID INT Uniquely identifies each
employee
Project Name Varchar(30) Name of the work to be
done
Deadline Date It gives the info about the
time of completion of
project
Project Number INT Uniquely identifies each
project.

Table 2 (table of attribute and its descriptions)

AAROHAN SUBEDI
CC4057NI INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

List of primary key

 Department ID
 Employee ID
 Project Number
 Supervisor ID
They are listed as primary keys because they uniquely defines each information.
Here two department employee and supervisors don’t have same ID. Each one
of them is provided with a unique number given to them in order make the
recognition easy and simple. By using these primary keys as reference we can
establish link between different tables and their information.

Relationship between Entities

The foreign keys are

 Employee Name
 Department Name
 Location
 Salary

Entities Relationship
1 Supervisor and department One to one
2 Department and employee department One to one or one to many
3 Employee department and employee One to one or one to many
4 Employee and project One to one. One employee works on one
project at a time
Table 3(relationship between Entities)

AAROHAN SUBEDI
CC4057NI INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

4. Entity Relationship Diagram

Fig: Entity Relationship Diagram of a company

A company has many departments. Each departments has a supervisor and employee.
Employees must be given at least one, may be more departments. At least one
employee is assigned to a project, employee may be on leave and may not be assigned
any project. The important data columns are the names, the departments, projects
supervisor and employees as well as the supervisor and employee number and a
unique project number.

AAROHAN SUBEDI
CC4057NI INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

5. Personal reflection of learning

 This is my first time I am trying doing a coursework in my pc. It was very difficult
for me in the beginning of the coursework but on the way up I asked help from
my friends and teachers and now I am able to submit this work. I attended my
class from week 2 and studied about the course content for the first time. After
we got the coursework I went through the different websites and researched
about the content and learned a lot of things myself. I also took the revision
classes and asked about the content I was confused and unaware about. I
learned about the outer layer of coursework and plagiarism check Harvard
referencing
 I except to learn about the Data, information, processes, resources, database,
and their types. I look forward to design a table with a primary key and foreign
key. I am keen to draw ERDs which is important aspect for formation of any type
of database. I also expect to learn the process of coursework and all the
plagiarism and originality check.
 Yes I was able to meet my expectations. By researching about the content I
knew about data processing model, its functioning process. I was able to make
my own data processing model and explain its functioning. I await my teacher to
provide me chance to learn and seize the topic in this course in a way that I can
acknowledge and provide enough critique depending on my potential so that I
can use what I have learn practically and achieve my goal. This module made
me do research helped me enhance my ability to more in a more practical way
rather than focusing hard via theoretical manner. I am able to provide a good
output via my own research and references.

AAROHAN SUBEDI
CC4057NI INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

 From this module I learned to formulate my goals and targets. I am able to

generate the scenarios by my research. I am able to learn basic and primary
knowledge and skills that will lead me in a basic coursework and practical skills,
drawing conventions and necessary tools needed to complete the work. I also
learned to check plagiarism and am able to conduct originality check. I learned to
formulate tables and was able to establish link between them. I am able to create
primary key and am able to connect it with foreign keys. I knew before starting
my studies that I needed a lot of motivation in order to complete my work but I
don’t think I was prepared for how much was needed. I have a great tutor and my
friends who are always prepared to help but almost every of my learning is done
independently and no one is there to hound me to do my work, it’s something I
have to take myself through to do and I have learned the best method of making
it happened in this last month.
 Difficulties are usually an unassured but important part of the learning process. I
was unaware about the software, system and many other fundamental tools. It
was difficult for me at the beginning but on the way forward I researched asked
help from friends and mentors. Most of the topic and new terms related to course
were sent to us by our teachers so it was not that difficult to learn about the
coursework format and all. I first went through all the questions and started my
research. I was unaware about Microsoft office and its applications. It was more
than 3 to 4 years I was away from the computer.so it was very difficult for me to
get used to the applications. At first I even don’t knew how to create a table of
contents. My friends are very helpful they taught me from very basic about the
MS word and its working. I also had some technical issues in my pc and I asked
help from Students services, they sent me to the IT department in order to help
fix technical issues.

AAROHAN SUBEDI
CC4057NI INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

 I think that personal research helped me a lot. I was able to grasp the knowledge
about the course content and was able to learn in brief about different aspects of
database its functions, benefits and applications. I was little confused about
primary key and foreign key and now I can link the tables take references for the
foreign key. So I think that personal research and positive mentality towards
learning will get the most out of the module.

AAROHAN SUBEDI
CC4057NI INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Bibliography
Anurodh, J. (2003, 06 12). Information System. Retrieved from
http://www.informationsystem.com

fernendez, j. (2008). Data processing model. Retrieved from

http://www.dataprocessingmodel.com

AAROHAN SUBEDI
CC4057NI INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Originality Test Report

AAROHAN SUBEDI