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Tutorial 8

The document discusses potential flows including a vortex and source/sink combination representing flows like in a kitchen sink or tornado. It also examines the spiral vortex model for stationary tornadoes or hurricanes, detailing the potential function and velocities for the core and outer regions. Further, it provides an example to calculate velocities and pressure for a typical stationary tornado given inlet conditions. Finally, it considers the superposition of a free stream and vortex pair, finding stagnation points and plotting streamlines to represent flow around a closed body like a Kelvin oval where velocity is higher than around a cylinder.

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Aaritva Roy
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14 views

Tutorial 8

The document discusses potential flows including a vortex and source/sink combination representing flows like in a kitchen sink or tornado. It also examines the spiral vortex model for stationary tornadoes or hurricanes, detailing the potential function and velocities for the core and outer regions. Further, it provides an example to calculate velocities and pressure for a typical stationary tornado given inlet conditions. Finally, it considers the superposition of a free stream and vortex pair, finding stagnation points and plotting streamlines to represent flow around a closed body like a Kelvin oval where velocity is higher than around a cylinder.

Uploaded by

Aaritva Roy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial-8 (12-10-2023)

1. Consider the potential function 𝜙 = 𝑘1 ln(𝑟) + 𝑘2 𝜃 with k1 and k2 constants. Determine


the stream function and sketch some streamlines. This flow is the superposition of a
vortex and a source/sink and represents such a diverse flows as that in a kitchen sink,
tornado(see problem-3 & 4 below) and a centrifugal pump. Obtain the vortex strength
and source/sink strength in terms of k1 and k2.

2. The spiral vortex is a better model for the flow around the core of a stationary tornado
or hurricane. For such flows, k1 is negative, represents a sink. The flow inside the core
radius of R has radial, axial, and swirl components but the swirl component usually
dominates and the flow within the core is often idealized as a forced vortex with fluid
undergoing a solid body-type rotation. Obtain
a. The potential function of the outer flow in terms of circulation  and q, the
influx per unit height
b. Vr and V for the outer flow region r > R
c. The variation of pressure for the outer region
d. V for the core region, r < R
e. The pressure variation for the core region, if Vr and Vz there are much smaller
than V.

3. In a typical stationary tornado the pressure is found to be 720 Pa below atmospheric at


a radial distance of 220 m from its centre, and the influx of air is 25 x103 m2/s per meter
height. Compute
a. The sink and the vortex strengths
b. Vr at 220m from the centre
c. The velocity at that point, and
d. The pressure at 300m from the centre.

4. Consider the superposition of a free stream (Vo ex)and a vortex pair at (0,+a) and (0,-a)
of circulations - and +, respectively (Note: circulation is defined as  = 2K where
K is the strength of vortex as discussed in lecture). Obtain the stream function for this
combination. Determine the location of stagnation points along the x-axis and thus
determine the condition when this combination may represent the flow about a closed
Γ
body. Plot the streamline for =0 for = 1. This represents a Kelvin Oval. Find
2𝜋𝑉𝑜 𝑎
the velocity at the topmost point on the surface of this oval, and note that this is larger
than that at a similar point on a circular cylinder.

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