Absolute Value
Absolute Value
Theorem2.3.1
( i ) |ab | = |a |·| b|
( ii ) |a |2 = a 2
( iv ) − |a |≤ a ≤| a |
Proof. Statements (i) and (ii) are trivial. To prove (iii), first suppose
that |a| ≤ c. If a > 0 then a ≤ c. Hence, −a ≥ −c and since a > 0 then
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To prove part (iv), notice that |a| ≤ |a| and thus applying (iii) we
Example 2.3.3. From Theorem2 2.3.12 part (i), we have that2 |a2| = |a ·
|x + y |≤| x | + |y |.
Proof. Wehavethat
and thus
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2.3. THE ABSOLUTE VALUE
|x + y| ≤ |x| + |y|.
( i ) |x − y |≤| x | + |y |
Proof. Forpart(i),wehave
|x − y| = |x + (−y)|
≤ |x| + | − y|
= |x| + |y|.
|x| = |x − y + y| ≤ |x − y| + |y|
2.3. THE ABSOLUTE VALUE
and therefore |x| − |y| ≤ |x − y|. Switching the role of x and y we obtain
|f(x)| = |2x2 − 3x + 7|
= 2|x|2 + 3|x| + 7 ≤
2(2)2 + 3(2) + 7 =
21.
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2.3. THE ABSOLUTE VALUE
numerator:
28 28
|f(x)| ≤ |1 − 2x| ≤ 3 .
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2.3. THE ABSOLUTE VALUE
Definition2.3.11:Neighborhoods
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2.3. THE ABSOLUTE VALUE
for every n ≥ N.
. That is,
This inequality does not hold for all n, but it will eventually hold for
some N ∈ N and for all n ≥ N. For example, 8 and
7
<ε
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2.3. THE ABSOLUTE VALUE
2(2n + 3)
which after re-arranging can be written as
.
n > 17,498.5.
Example 2.3.13. Let ε1 > 0 and ε2 > 0, and let a ∈ R. Show that Bε1(a) ∩
appropriate value of ε.
Exercises
Exercise 2.3.1. Prove that if a < x < b and a < y < b then |x − y| < b−a.
Draw a number line with points a,b,x,y satisfying the inequalities and
Prove that
|f(x)| ≤ f(|x|) 2 3
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2.3. THE ABSOLUTE VALUE
for all x ∈ R. Hint: For example, if say f(x) = 2 + 3x + 7x then you are asked to prove
that
However, prove the claim for a general polynomial f(x) = a0+a1x+a2x2+···+anxn with
ai > 0.
a number M > 0 such that |f(x)| ≤ M for all x ∈ [−4,2]. Do not use
calculus to find M.
number M > 0 such that |f(x)| ≤ M for all x ∈ [0,10]. Do not use
calculus to find M.
Exercise 2.3.5. Let 2]. Find
Exercise 2.3.6. Let a,b ∈ R be distinct points. Show that there exists
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