2

Once the AM signal is amplified, it is fed to antenna with characteristic impedance that is ideally

inductive
A)

capacitive
B)

resistive
C)

infinite
D)
3
With AM which of the following conveys no information?

lower sideband
A)

upper sideband
B)

both sidebands
C)

carrier
D)
4
In amplitude modulation, how much of the transmitted power is in the carrier?

one-half
A)

three-quarters
B)

one-third
C)

two-thirds
D)
5
Double-sideband suppressed carrier signals are generated by a circuit called a

balanced demodulator
A)

balanced modulator
B)

beat frequency oscillator

C)

notch filter
D)
6
Which of the following is not a major benefit of SSB?

noise in the signal is reduced

A)

conserves spectrum space

B)

less transmitter circuitry is used

C)

more fading of an SSB signal over long distances

D)
7
What is the low-level carrier called that is sometimes transmitted along with the two sidebands in
DSB?
pilot carrier
 A)

suppressed carrier
B)

composite carrier
C)

sideband carrier
D)
8
A TV signal consists of an audio signal that is

amplitude modulated
A)

frequency modulated
B)

SSB
C)

DSB
D)
9
According to the International Telecommunications Union an amplitude-modulated analog TV
would be classified as

A3F
A)

J3E
B)

F2D
C)

G7E
D)
10
A sine wave carrier cannot be modified by the intelligence signal through which of the following?

amplitude modulation
A)

pulse modulation
B)

frequency modulation
C)

phase modulation
D)

Answers:)

2) C
3) D
4) D
5) B
6) D
7) A
8) B
9) A
10) B

Digital data refers to information that is

 A. Continuous
B. Discrete
C. Bits
D. Bytes

In data communications, no periodic is used for the

A. Analog data
B. Digital data
C. Analog Signals
D. Digital Signals

Completion of one full pattern is called a

A. period
B. Cycle
C. Frame
D. Segment

Term that refers to infinite no of values in range is

A. Digital data
B. Analog Data
C. Digital Signal
D. Analog Signal

Answers :)

1) B

2) D

3) B

4) D

ASK, PSK, FSK, and QAM are examples of _________ encoding.

• a. Digital-to-digital
• b. Digital-to-analog
 • c. Analog-to –analog
• d. Analog-to-digital

2. Unipolar, bipolar, and polar encoding are types of ___________ encoding.

• a. Digital-to-digital
• b. Digital-to-analog
• c. Analog-to-analog
• d. Analog-to-digital

3. PCM is an example of __________ encoding.

• a. Digital-to-digital
• b. Digital-to-analog
• c. Analog-to –analog
• d. Analog-to-digital

4. AM and FM are examples of ________ encoding.

• a. Digital-to-digital
• b. Digital-to-analog
• c. Analog-to –analog
• d. Analog-to-digital

5. In QAM, both phase and ________ of a carrier frequency are varied.

• a. Amplitude
• b. Frequency
• c. Bit rate
• d. Baud rate

6. Which of the following is most affected by noise?

• a. PSK
• b. ASK
• c. FSK
• d. QAM
7. If the frequency spectrum of a signal has a bandwidth of 500 Hz with the highest
frequency at 600 Hz, what should be the sampling rate according to the Nyquist
theorem?

• a. 200 samples/sec
• b. 500 samples/sec
• c. 1000 samples/sec
• d. 1200 samples/sec

8. If the baud rate is 400 for a 4-PSK, the bit rate is ______ bps.

• a. 100
• b. 400
• c. 800
• d. 1600

9. Determine the channel capacity of a 4 kHz channel with S/N = 10 dB.

• a. 8.02 kbps
• b. 4.17 kbps
• c. 13.74 kbps
• d. 26.58 kbps

10. If the bit rate for an ASK signal is 1200 bps, the baud rate is

• a. 300
• b. 400
• c. 600
• d. 1200

11. Which encoding method uses alternating positive and negative values for 1’s?

• a. NRZ-I
• b. RZ
• c. Manchester
• d. AMI

12. If the maximum value of a PCM signal is 31 and the minimum value is -31, how
many bits were used for coding?
 • a. 4
• b. 5
• c. 6
• d. 7

13. Deliberate violations of alternate mark inversion are used in which type of digital-
to-digital encoding?

• a. AMI
• b. B8ZS
• c. RZ
• d. Manchester

14. RZ encoding involves _______ levels of signal amplitude.

• a. 1
• b. 3
• c. 4
• d. 5

15. If the transmission rate of a digital communication system of 10 Mbps modulation

scheme used in 16-QAM, determined the bandwidth efficiency.

• a. 16 bits/cycle
• b. 4 bits/cycle
• c. 8 bits/cycle
• d. 2 bits/cycle

16. In _________ transmission, bits are transmitted simultaneously, each across its
own channel .

• a. Asynchronous serial
• b. Synchronous serial
• c. Parallel
• d. A and B

17. Data are sent over pin ________ of the EIA-RS-232 interface.

• a. 2
 • b. 3
• c. 4
• d. All of the above

18. In the EIA-RS-232 standard what does -12V on a data pin represent?

• a. 1
• b. 0
• c. Undefined
• d. Either 1 or 0 depending on the coding scheme

19. The majority of the pins f the EIA-RS-232 interface are used for _____ purpose.

• a. Control
• b. Timing
• c. Data
• d. Testing

20. X-21 uses a _____ connector.

• a. DB-15
• b. DB-25
• c. DB37
• d. DB-9

21. If you have two close, compatible DTEs that can communicate data that do not
need to be modulated. A good interface would be ________.

• a. A null modem
• b. An EIA-RS-232 modem
• c. A DB-45 connector
• d. A transceiver

22. What is the object of trellis coding??

• a. To narrow bandwidth
• b. To simplify encoding
• c. To increase data rate
 • d. To reduce the error rate

23. In trellis coding. The number of the data bits is _____ the number of transmitted
bits.

• a. Equal to
• b. Less than
• c. More than
• d. Double that of

24. Which ITU-T modem uses trellis coding?

• a. V.33
• b. V.34
• c. V.39
• d. V.37

25. The signal between two modems is always

• a. Digital
• b. Analog
• c. PSK
• d. QAM

26. For digital communications, determine the signal to noise ratio in dB which would
be required for an ideal channel with a bandwidth of 2500 Hz.

• a. 5
• b. 9.54 dB
• c. 4.77 dB
• d. 3.4

27. For a PCM system with a maximum decoded voltage at the receiver of ±2.55 V
and minimum dynamic range of 46 dB, determine the maximum quantization error.

• a. 5.0 V
• b. 0.5 V
• c. 0.005 V
• d. 0.05 V
28. Determine the bandwidth efficiency for QPSK modulation scheme at a
transmission rate of 10 Mbps.

• a. 2 bits/cycle
• b. 4 bits/cycle
• c. 8 bits/cycle
• d. 16 bits/cycle

29. A modulator converts a (an) ______ signal to a (an) __________ signal.

• a. Digital, analog
• b. Analog, digital
• c. PSK, FSK
• d. FSK, PSK

30. Which of the following modulation techniques are used by modems?

• a. 16-QAM
• b. FSK
• c. 8-PSK
• d. All of the above

31. A broadcast TV channel has a bandwidth of 6 MHz. Ignoring noise, calculate the
maximum data rate that could be carried in a TV channel using a 16-level code and
determine the minimum possible signal-to-noise ratio in dB for the calculated data
rate.

• a. 24 Mbps, 48 dB
• b. 48 Mbps, 24 dB
• c. 24 Mbps, 24 dB
• d. 48 Mbps, 48 dB

32. Which of the following modems uses FSK modulation?

• a. Bell 103
• b. Bell 201
• c. Bell 212
• d. All of the above
33. A maximum length of 50 feet is specified in standard __________.

• a. EIA-RS-449
• b. EIA-RS-232
• c. EIA-RS-423
• d. RS-422

34. A cable range of 40 to _____ feet is possible according to the EIA-RS-449

standard.

• a. 50
• b. 400
• c. 500
• d. 4000

35. What is the bandwidth required to transmit at a rate of 10Mbits/sec in the presence
of a 28 dB S/N ratio?

• a. 107.5 kHz
• b. 3.57 MHz
• c. 357.14 kHz
• d. 1.075 MHz

36. The maximum data rate for RS-442 is ________ times that of the maximum RS-
423 data rate.

• a. 0.1
• b. 10
• c. 100
• d. 500

37. For an Ethernet bus that is 500 meters in length using a cable with a velocity
factor of 0.66, and a communication rate of 10 Mb/s, calculate the total number of bits
that would be sent by each station before it detects a collision, if both stations begin to
transmit at the same time.

• a. 25 bits
• b. 30 bits
• c. 19 bits
• d. 41 bits
38. A ______ is a device that is a source of or a destination for binary digital data.

• a. Data terminal equipment

• b. Data transmission equipment
• c. Digital terminal encoder
• d. Data-circuit terminating equipment

39. An asynchronous communications system uses ASCII at 9600 bps with eight bits,
one start bit, one stop bit and no parity bit. Express the data rate in words per minute.
(Assume a word has five characters and one space).

• a. 9600 wpm
• b. 57600 wpm
• c. 160 wpm
• d. 11520 wpm

40. A telephone line has a bandwidth of 3.2 kHz and a signal-to-noise ratio of 34 dB.
A signal is transmitted down this line using a four-level code. What is the maximum
theoretical data rate ?

• a. 12.8 kbps
• b. 6.4 kbps
• c. 36.144 kbps
• d. 18.072 kbps

41. For a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation with a carrier frequency of 80
MHz and an input bit rate of 10 Mbps. Determine the minimum Nyquist bandwidth.

• a. 40 MHz
• b. 10 MHz
• c. 20 MHz
• d. 50 MHz

42. The EIA standard specified in the EIA-232 standard is ______ volts.

• a. Greater than -15

• b. Less than -15
• c. Between -3 and -15
• d. Between 3 and 15
43. For a quaternary phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation, data with a carrier
frequency of 70 MHz, and input bit rate of 10 Mbps, determine the minimum Nyquist
bandwidth.

• a. 10 MHz
• b. 5 MHz
• c. 20 MHz
• d. 40 MHz

44. 12 voice channels are sampled at 8000 sampling rate and encoded into 8-bit PCM
word. Determine the rate of the data stream.

• a. 768 kbps
• b. 12 kbps
• c. 12.8 kbps
• d. 46.08 kbps

45. The encoding method specified in the EIA-232 standard is _________.

• a. NRZ-I
• b. NRZ-L
• c. Manchester
• d. Differential Manchester

46. A binary digital signal is to be transmitted at 10 Kbits/s , what absolute minimum

bandwidth is required to pass the fastest information change undistorted?

• a. 5 kHz
• b. 10 kHz
• c. 20 kHz
• d. 2.5 kHz

497. A coherent binary phase shift keyed (BPSK) transmitter operates at a bit rate of
Mbps with a carrier to noise ratio C/N of 8.8 dB. Find Eb/No.

• a. 8.8 dB
• b. 16.16 dB
• c. 21.81 dB
• d. 18.8 dB
48. The EIA-RS-232 interface has _______ pins.

• a. 20
• b. 36
• c. 25
• d. 19

49. The EIA-RS-232 standard defines _________ characteristics of the DTE-DCE

interface.

• a. Mechanical
• b. Electrical
• c. Function
• d. All of the above

50. For sample rate of 30 kHz in a PCM system, determine the maximum analog input
frequency .

• a. 30 kHz
• b. 15 kHz
• c. 60 kHz
• d. 45 kHz.

Answers :)

1. Digital-to-analog

2. Digital-to-digital

3. Analog-to-digital

4. Analog-to –analog

5. Amplitude

6. ASK

7. 1200 samples/sec

8. 800
9. 13.74 kbps

10. 1200

11. AMI

12. 6

13. B8ZS

14. 3

15. 4 bits/cycle

16. Parallel

17. 2

18. 1

19. Control

20. DB-15

21. A null modem

22. To reduce the error rate

23. Less than

24. V.33

25. Analog

26. 4.77 dB

27. 0.005 V

28. 2 bits/cycle

29. Digital, analog

30. All of the above

31. 48 Mbps, 24 dB

32. Bell 103

33. EIA-RS-232

34. 4000

35. 1.075 MHz

36. 100

37. 25 bits

38. Data terminal equipment

39. 9600 wpm

40. 12.8 kbps

41. 10 MHz

42. Between 3 and 15

43. 5 MHz

44. 768 kbps

45. NRZ-L

46. 5 kHz

47. 8.8 dB

48. 25

49. All of the above

50. 15 kHz

51. Two-state (binary) communications systems are better because

 • a. They can interface directly with the analog telephone network
• b. The components are simpler, less costly, and more reliable
• c. People think better in binary
• d. Interstate calls are less costly

52. Codes are always

• a. Eight bits per character

• b. Either seven or eight bits per character
• c. Agreed upon in advance between sender receiver
• d. The same in all modern computers

53. DCE and DTE

• a. Means “digital communications equipment” and “digital termination

equipment”
• b. Are connected by either two or four wires
• c. Refer to the modem and the computer or terminal, respectively
• d. Any one of the above

54. The correctness and the accuracy of the transmitted message content is

• a. Verified by the modem

• b. Determined by the sender and receiver, not by the communications
system
• c. Ensured by use of digital techniques
• d. None of the above

55. Serial printers

• a. Are used to transmit grain prices

• b. Are faster than CRT terminals, and offer more flexibility
• c. Print one character at a time
• d. Usually use serial interfaces

56. Ergonomics

• a. Involves the interface between people and machines, such as terminals

• b. Is the application of ergo-economics to communications
 • c. Utilizes three-level ergo-coding for transmission over certain channels
• d. All of the above

57. Serial and parallel transmission

• a. Differ in how many bits are transferred per character

• b. Are used in synchronous and asynchronous systems, respectively
• c. Both a and b
• d. Differ in whether the bits are on separate wires or on one

58. Asynchronous transmission

• a. Is less efficient than synchronous, but simpler

• b. Is much faster than synchronous transmission
• c. Is another name for isochronous transmission

59. The amount of uncertainty in a system of symbols is also called

• a. Bandwidth
• b. Loss
• c. Entropy
• d. Quantum

60. Redundancy measures

• a. Transmission rate of a system

• b. How likely symbols are to be repeated
• c. Time between failures
• d. System cost

61. Loading refers to the addition of

• a. Resistors
• b. Capacitors
• c. Bullets
• d. Inductance

62. Transmission of binary signals requires

 • a. Less bandwidth than analog
• b. More bandwidth than analog
• c. The same bandwidth as analog
• d. Cannot be compared with the transmission of analog signals

63. RS-232, RS-449, RS-530, V.24, and X.21 are examples of

• a. Standard for various types of transmission channels

• b. Standard for interfaces between terminal and modems
• c. Standards for between modems and transmission facilities
• d. Standards for end-to-end performance of data communications system

64. What is one principal difference between synchronous and asynchronous

transmission?

• a. The bandwidth required is different

• b. The pulse heights are different
• c. The clocking is mixed with the data in asynchronous
• d. The clocking is derived from the data in synchronous transmission

65. Synchronous modems cost more than asynchronous modems because

• a. They are larger

• b. They must contain clock recovery circuits
• c. The production volume is larger
• d. They must operate on a larger bandwidth

66. The scrambler in a synchronous modem is in the

• a. Control section
• b. Receiver section
• c. Transmitter section
• d. Terminal section

67. Binary codes are sometimes transformed in modems into

• a. Hexadecimal
• b. Huffman codes
 • c. Gray code
• d. Complementary codes

68. The digital-to-analog converter in a synchronous modem sends signals to the

• a. Modulator
• b. Transmission line
• c. Terminal
• d. Equalizer

69. The transmission signal coding method for T1 carrier is called

• a. Binary
• b. NRZ
• c. Bipolar
• d. Manchester

70. The receiver equalizer in a synchronous modem is called

• a. A compromise equalizer
• b. A statistical equalizer
• c. An adaptive equalizer
• d. An impairment equalizer

71. Communications protocols always have a

• a. Set of symbols
• b. Start of header
• c. Special flag symbol
• d. BCC

72. The Baudot code uses how many bits per symbol?

• a. 9
• b. 7
• c. 5
• d. 8
73. How many messages may be acknowledged on a BiSync link?

• a. 1
• b. 2
• c. 4
• d. 8

74. Which code set is used to BiSync when using VRC/LRC but not operating in
transparency mode

• a. EBCDIC
• b. ASCII
• c. SBT
• d. Fieldata

75. One primary difference between Digital Data Communications Message Protocol
(DDCMP) and Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) is

• a. DDCMP does not have a transparent mode

• b. SDLC does not use a CRC
• c. DDCMP has a message header
• d. DDCMP does not require special hardware to find the beginning of a
message

76. Which of the following transmission systems provides the highest data rate to an
individual device?

• a. Voiceband modem
• b. Local area network
• c. Computer bus
• d. Digital PBX

77. Which of the following systems provides the longest digital transmission
distances?

• a. Voiceband modem
• b. Local area network
• c. Computer bus
• d. Digital PBX
78. Which of the following is a characteristic of a LAN?

• a. Parallel transmission
• b. Unlimited expansion
• c. Low cost access for low bandwidth channels
• d. Application independent interfaces

79. Which of the following transmission media is not readily suitable to CSMA
operation?

• a. Radio
• b. Optical fibers
• c. Coaxial cable
• d. Twisted pair

80. Which of the following functions is not provided as part of the basic Ethernet
design?

• a. Access control
• b. Addressing
• c. Automatic retransmission of a message
• d. Multiple virtual networks

81. Which of the following is not a useful property of a Manchester line code for an
Ethernet?

• a. Continuous energy
• b. Continuous clock transmissions
• c. No dc component
• d. No signal change at a 1 to 0 transition

82. Which of the following data communications functions is generally provided for
in a LAN?

• a. Data link control

• b. Applications processing
• c. Flow control
• d. Routing
83. The purpose of a preamble in an Ethernet is

• a. Clock synchronization
• b. Error checking
• c. Collision avoidance
• d. Broadcast

84. Which of the following is possible in a token-passing bus network?

• a. Unlimited number of stations

• b. Unlimited distances
• c. Multiple time division channels
• d. In-service expansion

85. Which of the following is not possible in a token-passing loop network?

• a. Unlimited number of stations

• b. Unlimited distances
• c. Multiple time division channels
• d. In-service expansion

86. Which of the following LAN architectures can be expanded to the greatest total
system bandwidth?

• a. Digital PBX
• b. CSMA/CD baseband system
• c. Token-passing network
• d. Broadband cable system

87. Which of the following systems is the most capable of servicing a wide range of
applications?

• a. Digital PBX
• b. CSMA/CD baseband system
• c. Token-passing network
• d. Broadband cable system

88. Which of the following cannot be provided in a broadband LAN?

 • a. Frequency agile modems
• b. Closed-circuit TV
• c. Voice circuits
• d. Fiber optics transmission

89. Which of the following is not possible in a digital PBX using twisted pair
transmission?

• a. Computer port concentration

• b. 64-kbps data circuits
• c. High-speed file transfers
• d. Transmission up to several thousand feet

90. Which of the following is not a motivation in digitizing a voice signal in the
telephones of a digital PBX?

• a. Simplified control signalling

• b. Lower cost telephones
• c. Fewer wire pairs
• d. Multiplexed voice and data channels

91. The electrical state of the control leads in a serial interface is a concern of

• a. The physical layer protocol

• b. The data link-layer protocol
• c. The network-layer protocol
• d. None of the above

92. The X.25 standard specifies a

• a. Technique for dial access

• b. Technique for start-stop data
• c. Data bit rate
• d. DTE/DCE interface

93. The X.25 standard is

• a. Required for all packet switching networks

• b. A recommendation of the CCITT
 • c. A complete description of a public data network
• d. Used by all packet terminals

94. A protocol is a set of rules governing a time sequence of events that must take
place

• a. Between peers
• b. Between nonpeers
• c. Across an interface
• d. None of the above

95. The X.25 standard for packet networks is analogous to

• a. PBX standards for a telephone network

• b. Handset standards for a telephone
• c. Local loop standards for a telephone network
• d. Switching standards for a telephone network

96. The OSI reference model defines the functions for seven layers of protocols

• a. Including the user and communications medium

• b. Not including the user or communications medium
• c. Including the communications medium but not the user
• d. Including the user but not the communications medium

97. The X.25 standard covers how many OSI layers?

• a. Three
• b. Four
• c. Seven
• d. None

98. A data packet is a packet header together with

• a. A network layer
• b. An administrative layer
• c. User data
• d. A packet switch
99. The X.25 standard specifies how many separate protocol layers at the serial
interface gateway?

• a. 8
• b. 2
• c. 4
• d. 3

100. In X.25 network layer protocol, the data packets normally contain

• a. One octet of header plus data

• b. Two octets of header plus data
• c. Three octets of header plus data
• d. Four octets of header plus data

Answers:)

51. The components are simpler, less costly, and more reliable

52. Agreed upon in advance between sender receiver

53. Refer to the modem and the computer or terminal, respectively

54. Determined by the sender and receiver, not by the communications system

55. Print one character at a time

56. Involves the interface between people and machines, such as terminals

57. Differ in whether the bits are on separate wires or on one

58. Is less efficient than synchronous, but simpler

59. Entropy

60. How likely symbols are to be repeated

61. Inductance

62. More bandwidth than analog

63. Standard for interfaces between terminal and modems

64. The clocking is derived from the data in synchronous transmission

65. They must contain clock recovery circuits

66. Transmitter section

67. Gray code

68. Equalizer

69. Bipolar

70. An adaptive equalizer

71. Set of symbols

72. 5

73. 1

74. ASCII

75. DDCMP does not require special hardware to find the beginning of a message

76. Computer bus

77. Voiceband modem

78. Application independent interfaces

79. Optical fibers

80. Automatic retransmission of a message

81. No signal change at a 1 to 0 transition

82. Data link control

83. Broadcast

84. In-service expansion

85. Unlimited number of stations

86. Digital PBX

87. Digital PBX

88. Fiber optics transmission

89. High-speed file transfers

90. Lower cost telephones

91. The physical layer protocol

92. DTE/DCE interface

93. A recommendation of the CCITT

94. Between peers

95. Local loop standards for a telephone network

96. Not including the user or communications medium

97. Three

98. User data

99. 3

100. Three octets of header plus data