CLASS XI DYNAMICS UNIT #03 Physics DYNAMICS MOTION UNIT#03 Prepared & Composed By Sir Faisal Arif Qureshi 2] Prepared & Composed by sir: Faisal Arif QuershiCLASS XI DYNAMICS UNIT #03 6. 10. McQ The Rate of change of linear momentum is called—— (a) Linear Force (b) Angular Force (©) Power (d) Impulse ‘The term mass refers to the same physical concepts as (a) Weight (b) Inertia (0) Base (d) Acceleration Which one of the following Force is also called as Self Adjusting Force? (a) Erictional Force (b) Tension (©) Weight (4) Trust ‘The Laws of motion shows the relationship between (a) Velocity and Acceleration (b) Mass and velocity (©) Mass and Acceleration (@) Force and Acceleration ‘The motion of rocket in the space is according to the law conservation of (a) Energy (b) Linear Momentum (©) Mass (d) Angular Momentum A bomb of mass 12kg initially at rest explodes into two pieces of 4kg and 8kg. ‘The speed of kg mass is 6mis. the kinetic energy of 4kg mass is (a) 32J (by 48 J (114 (d) 288.5 If momentum is increased by 20% them K.E increase by (a) 44% (b) 55% (©) 66% (077% ‘The Kinetic energy of body mass 2kg and momentum of 2Ns is @1s (23 ()3d (4s For the same kinetic energy, the momentum is maximum for (a) An electron (b) A proton (©) A deuteron (d) Alpha particle A 3kg bowling ball experiences a net force of 15N. (a) 35 mis* (b) 7 mis? (c) Smis*, (d) 30 mis? 2| Prepared & Composed by sir: Faisal Arif QuershiCLASS XI DYNAMICS UNIT #03 Dynamics: It is branch of physical s of material objects with reference of force ‘ience and subdivision of mechanics that is concerned with the motion, Force Force is an external se in the form of push or pull, which produces or tries to produce motion in a body at rest, or stops/tries to stop a moving body or changes/tries to change the direction of motion of the body. It is denoted by F, itis vector and derived quantity The net force can be calculated using Newton's second law, which states that F=ma, Where: is the net force. is the mass of the object. a= is acceleration. The S.1 unit of Force is Newton = 1Kg m/s’. Dimension of force is [LMT] 3.1 NEWTON’S LAW OF MOTI OR NEWTON’S MECHANICS LAWS In 1687, Newton’s laws of motion were first published by Isaac Newton in his book “Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy”, which is the basis of classical mechanics. Newton's laws of motion are fundamental principles that describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting upon it. Newton's 1 Law of Motion Newton's FirstLaw of Motion, also known as the Law of Inertia, rst worwonon states that an object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in °. = motion tends to stay in motion with the same speed and in the . oS same direction unless acted upon by an extemal force. i In other words, objects will not change their state of motion unless > @ an unbalanced force is applied to them. Example of Newton’s First Law of Motion a football that is placed on the ground it will not move until a net extemal force is applied to it, and the football move in the direction of applied force Conditions on which the Ist law of motion is dependent: Objects at rest: When an object is at rest, velocity (v = 0) and acceleration (a = 0) are zero Therefore, the object continues to be at rest 3] Prepared & Composed by sir: Faisal Arif QuershiCLASS XI DYNAMICS UNIT #03 Objects in motion: When an object is in motion, velocity is not equal to zero (v #0), while acceleration (a = 0) is equal to zero, Therefore, the object will continue to be in motion with constant velocity and in the same direction. It is the fundamental & inherent property of any object. The natural tendency of an object to resist a change in its state of rest or in its state of uniform motion is called Inertia Newton’s First Law of Motion Example in Daily Life ‘© When the brakes of a vehicle are applied quickly, the passenger will be thrown forward due to the presence of inertia, Inertia tries to keep the passenger moving, This is the reason why it is recommended to wear seat belts while traveling by vehicle. ‘+ Artoller coaster uses the principle of inertia. It continues to move in the same direction at a constant speed until the tracks act as an external force that changes its direction. + Ifyou slide a hockey puck on ice, eventually it will stop. This is because of friction on the ice or if it hits something, like a player's stick or a goalpost. ‘+A book lying on the table remains at rest as long as no net force acts om it ‘¢ A marathon runner continues to run several meters beyond the finish line due to inertia. Newton's 2nd Law of Motion ERQs#01: Explain Newton’s second law of motion and how it relates force, mass and acceleration; provide an example to illustrate the concept? The second law of motion, itis simply a relationship between the force and acceleration of any object in the universe Statement This law states that “the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass.” In other words, if you apply a gteater force to an object, it will accelerate more, and if the mass of the object is greater, it will accelerate less for the same force. By Mathematically, aaF It is defined as 1Netwon of force is produces acceleration of m/s? on the mass of IKg. a= (=Kx4) F=ma Prepared & Composed by sir: Faisal Arif QuershiCLASS XI DYNAMICS UNIT #03 Worked Example 3. A.SON force applied on a box of mass 8.16kg to move to right across a ho1 What the acceleration is of produced in the box. Data Force = F= SON Mass= m= 8.16kg Acceleration = a=? Solution By using the Newton’s second law formula ma a= Fim = 50/8.16= 6.13m/s’, Self-Assessment Question Q#01: Suppose that the acceleration of objects forces action on zero. (Page #60) Ifthe acceleration of an object is zero, it means that the net force acting on the object is also zero. zero. Does this means that there are no The body is moving with uniform velocity, this doesn't necessarily mean that there are no forces acting on the object; rather, It means that the sum of all the forces acting on the object results in a balanced force system with no net force. In other words, the forces are canceling each other out, leading to zero acceleration. #02: Can objects with different masses experience the same magnitude forces when they interact? Why or why not. (Page #60) Yes, it must be the same, and the reason is Newton's 3rd law. Any two objects that are exerting, forces on each other form a reaction pair, so have force some that are equal in magnitude (same size) but opposite in direction, 3.2 MOMENTUM AND IMPULSE Momentum is defined as the quantity of motion in mass is called momentum, It is the product of an object's mass, m, and its velocity v. Linear momentum is denoted by the letter,P. Linear momentum is a vector quantity. Note that a body's momentum is always in the same direction as its velocity vector. The formula for linear momentum is given as, Momentum = mass * velocity B=mxv¥ The S.1 unit of linear momentum is Newton * Second (NS). The C.G.S unit of momentum is gram-centimeters per second (g-cm/S) The F.P.S unit is the slug-foot per second (slug-fYs). 5] Prepared & Composed by sir: Faisal Arif QuershiCLASS XI DYNAMICS UNIT #03 Dimension of linear momentum is [LMT"], Prove that Newton x Second = 1 Kg m/s 1 Kg »mis. Multiply and divide by second Momentum depends Linear momentum depends on mass and velocity, when mass of body changes then momentum of the body will be change. Similarly velocity of the moving body increases then momentum of body will be increase. Newton's 2nd Law of Motion and Linear Momentum (Momentum in term of Force) Or Relation between Newton's 2nd Law of Motion and Linear Momentum Newton's Second Law of Motion states that the rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional to the applied force Therefore By mathematically Method | EP=ma=mx= am) ap = Se up=% Since AaB _ change inmomentum _p ae time interval _ change in momentum ‘ime intervat Method 2 Force 2 Pf=Pl_ mvf~mvi F= Fem 22 ma Prepared & Composed by sir: Faisal Arif QuershiCLASS XI DYNAMICS UNIT #03 ERQs#03: Explain the concept of impulse is related to change in momentum of an object, provide an example of an everyday life where impulse plays significant role? Impulse The term "impulse" is also used to refer to a fast-acting force or impact. The momentum of body changes when force acts on the body for a short period of time. It is Product of applied force and interval of time, It is denoted by J. it is also vector quantity Formula of impulse is Impulse = Force * interval of time J=F x At=AP The S.I unit of impulse is NS According to Newton's second law of motion, F = ma, where "a" is the acceleration of the object. Therefore, impulse can also be expressed as: J=max At This equation shows that the impulse experienced by an object is directly proportional to the product of its mass, the change in its velocity (which is represented by acceleration times time), and the direction of the force applied. In other words, the greater the force or the longer it acts, the greater the change in momentum (impulse) experienced by the object. This relationship shows the fundamental connection between impulse and the change in momentum of objects. Work example 3. A hockey puck with a mass of 0.2kg is sliding on the ice at velocity of 10 mvs/ it collides with a wall and bounces back with a velocity of 8m/s. The collision lasts for 0/1 seconds. Calculate the impulse experienced by hockey puck and the change in its momentum, Data Mass of body =m= 0.2kg, Initial velocity =Vi= 10m/s Final velocity = Vf=-8m/s Find Initial momentum = Final Momentum =P£=? Impulse = j =AP=? Solution Initial momentum=Pi = m = Vi= 0.210 =2Kgm/s Final momentum= Pf = mx Vi= 0.2% -8 = -1.6kgm/s Impulse is define as change in momentum J=AP=Pf-Pi=-1.6 6 Kgmis I= -3.6 Kumis Prepared & Composed by sir: Faisal Arif QuershiCLASS XI DYNAMICS UNIT #03 Self-Assessment Questions Q#01: How is impulse related to the change in momentum of objects? (As mentioned above topic) Q#02: An object with an initial momentum of 50 Kg.m/s experience an impulse of 100 Ns. Calculate its final momentum To calculate the final momentum of the object= P=? Impulse J= AP= 100 Ns. the initial momentum Pi = 50 kg-m/s, J=AP=Pi-Pi By putting the values of 100 Ns = Pr- 50 ke-mis Pr= 100 Ns +50 kg-mis Py= 150 kg-m/s Q#02: A golf club exerts an average force of 800N on golf for 0.02seconds. If the initial velocity of the ball is 40m/s and its final velocity is 60 m/s. What is the impulse experienced by the ball? We can calculate the impulse experienced by the golf ball using the formula for impulse: Impulse (J) = Average Force (F) Time (At) Data Average Force (F) = 800 N ‘Time (At) = 0.02 seconds ‘Now, you want to find the impulse (0) J= 800 N x 0.02 seconds J=16Ns Given: Initial Velocity (Vi) = 40 mis Final Velocity (Vf) = 60 m/s Mass of the golf ball (m) is not provided, but we can calculate it using the initial ‘momentum formula Pi=mvi Rearrange the formula to solve for mass (m): m=Pi/vi Now, plug in the values: m= (16 Ns) / (40 m/s) m=04kg Now that we have the mass, calculate the initial momentum AP = mVf— mVi = (0.4) 60 - (0.4) 40 = 8 Ns Prepared & Composed by sir: Faisal Arif QuershiCLASS XI DYNAMICS UNIT #03 ERQs#02: How does the conservation of momentum apply in each type of collision? Give real life examples of both types of collision? Law Conservation of Linear Momentum Statement In isolate system, total momentum before and after collision will remain same or conserved is called law conservation of momentum” Explanation Let us consider two bodies A and B with initial velocities uy and uz respectively. After some time, they undergo collision. After the collision, the velocities of A and B will become v; and vz Let the time t of contact between two bodies and m, and mz be the masses of bodies A and B respectively. * Let’s calculate the change in momentum for body A and it is represented by P, and is given by, - _ « Pq=mi(vi-w) Let's calculate the change in momentum for body B and it is mie represented by Py and is given by. P= m2 (v2~ Uw) Now, from Newton’s Third Law of Motion it can be written'as, Fan=-Faa os Where Fy is the force acting on A due to B and Fy is the force acting on B due to A. Now, from Newton’s Second Law of Motion it can be written as, Fan =my aj seme (1) Fra = m2 a ~ ~ (2) Where ay and a; are the acceleration of bodies A and B Therefore, substitute equation (2) and (3) in equation (1) as, ma, =- maz Therefore, this implies that, im (Wp— uy) /t=-m2 (v2—u2)/t my (vy ~ uy) == m2 (v2 ua) my a +m: ty Where L.HLS represents the total momentum of bodies A and B before the collision and R.H.S represents the total momentum of bodies A and B after the collision. Thus, from this it is concluded that momentum is conserved. my vi +m) v2 3.3. INELASTIC AND ELASTIC COLLISION Inelastic Collision in One Dimension An inelastic collision is a collision in which the kinetic energy of the colliding objects is not conserved. In other words, the total kinetic energy before the collision is not equal to the total Kinetic energy after the collision. It is converted into dissipative energy like body damaging, sound, heat, or friction. F {| Prepared & Composed by sir: Faisal Arif QuershiCLASS XI DYNAMICS UNIT #03 Now, we shall apply the laws of conservation of momentum and energy here, Say m, and m3 are the two masses whose initial velocities are u and ur But they move along with the same velocity say ‘v’. The Law of conservation of momentum gives us, smjuy + matt = (my +m) v Therefore the equation of v is given by, V = (myuy+mguz)/ (my+m2) By the law of conservation of energy, along with the kinetic energy after the collision, there isa release of heat energy. E='% mv; +1/2 myvz" + (damage or Heat) Characteristics and Properties of In an inelastic collision: ‘© Total momentum remains the same before and after the collision © Total kinetic energy does not remain the same before and after collision © Kinetic energy is lost due to dissipative factors like body damaging, sound, heat ‘© Objects may deform or dent or even stick together Elastic Collision in one Dimension Ifthe kinetic energy and momentum of the system is conserved during a collision, elastic collision. The total kinetic energy before collision and after collision remains unchanged. The collision between subatomic particles is generally elastic, The collision between two steel or glass balls is nearly elastic. In elastic collision, the linear momentum and kinetic energy of the Gy system are conserved. If the two bodies after collision move in a straight line, the collision 5 ©: is said to be of one dimension. mweimemme OD wee athe mn, and, Consider two bodies A and B of masses m; and m moving along the same straight line in the same direction with velocities uy and uz respectively as shown in Figure. Letus assume that uy is greater than uz. The body A hits to Body B then after the collision their velocities changes from u; to vy similarly from u; to v2 respectively. From the law of conservation of linear momentum, Total momentum before collision = Total momentum after collision mju + mau; = myv; + m2V2 my = myvs= my (ui = v1 Since the kinetic energy of the bodies is also conserved during the collision Total kinetic energy before collision = Total kinetic energy after collision aa pmiuy? + Fm QB) mu? + mus 120 | Prepared & Composed by sir: Faisal Arif QuershiCLASS XI DYNAMICS UNIT #03 my (uy ~ Vi) (ui + vi) = mp (Va Ua) (Vatu) (4) ‘Now divide Eqs (4) from Eq (2) fiw) maw 2= Wa) (uy + vi) = (V2 + U2) From the equation (5) vi and v2 will be Vie Vp + ty - Uy ver uy ty - Uy By putting the Eq (a) in equation (1) we get V2, my [ur (vz + Uz -uy)] = m2 (¥2- wo) sm; [ur— Vp ~ Up 04g] = ms (Vv3- un) sm; [2 uy~ Vp ~ Up] = ma (v>- ws) 2 my wy myV2 — mMyUy = Me V2~ Mav mv ma v2=mauy~ my +2 my ay va (myy-ma)=(m2 =m) uz 2M, uh (0%, =m) Wg #2 My (my + m2) By putting the Eq (b) in equation (1) we get V2, my (t= Vz) = mp [uy + Vg up - 2] my (uy Vz) = ma [uy +b vs- 2u3] rmpuy my Vy= mal tm, Vy- 2maue m V+ mV; 1 Uy ~ mgly+ 2mus vj (ms ma) =(m ~ mz) wy +2 m2 ue ous —ma) uy +2ma Ue (it ma) Characteristics and Properties of an elastic collision: °, ° Two objects, A and B are i Total kinetic energy before and after the collision remains unchanged ‘Total momentum before and after the collision remains unchanged Energy is not dissipated through heat or friction Colliding objects do not deform Worked example 3.3 tially at rest on a frictionless surface. Object A has a mass of 0.5kg, and object B has mass 0.8kg, object A collide with object B. after the collision. Object A moves to right at a velocity of 4m/s, and object B moves to the left at a velocity of 2m/s. (Paget 65) Data Mass A= mA =0.5kg Mass B= mB = 0.8kg a] Prepared & Composed by sir: Faisal Arif QuershiCLASS XI DYNAMICS UNIT #03 Velocity of mass A = Va =4m/s Velocity of mass B = Vb = 2m/s Find Kinetic energy before the collision =K.E( a) =? Kinetic energy after the collision =K.E( b) =? Solution As we know that momentum before the collision Pa=mA xVa=0.5 x 4=2kgm/s (to the right) As we know that momentum after the collision Pb = mB *Vb = 0.8 x -2=-1.6kgm/s (to the right) Similarly Kinetic energy before the collision K Eq = mA * Va" = 4 x0.5%(4)° = 0.5 *0.5 «16 =4 joules Kinetic energy after the collision K.Eqy = 4 mB Vb? = 4 *0.8%(2) = 0.5 x0.8 x4 =1.6 joules Total Kinetic energy will be K.E= KE); KE =4 +1.6 = 5.6 joules Self-Assessment Questions Q#O1: How does kinetic energy change in an elastic collision why? An elastic collision is a collision in which there is no net loss in kinetic energy in the system as a result of the collision. Both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved quantities in elastic collisions. Q#02: What happens to the objects involved in inelastic collisi An elastic collision is a collision in which kinetic energy is not conserved due to the action of internal friction. 3.4 FRICTION Its also called self-ftiction force. Friction is the force that resists relative motion of solid surfaces, when the surface of one object comes in contact with the surface of another. Frictional force is the force generated by two surfaces that contact and slide against each other The frictional force is non-conservative, When an object moves from one position to another against friction, energy is not conserved as some of it is lost through heat. Friction is directly proportional to normal reaction faN fauN Where 11 is co-efficient of friction 12 | Prepared & Composed by sir: Faisal Arif QuershiCLASS XI DYNAMICS UNIT #03 Het Factors affecting the frictional force: © On the nature of the two surfaces that are in contact. Frjtional ‘© Friction is dependent on the smoothness or roughness of the two. ce surfaces that are in contact with each other. nine © When the surface is smooth, the friction between the two a reduces and there is not much interlocking of irregularities. co While the surface is rough, friction increases. erat Fcton © Onthe force that is acting on these surfaces. © Friction increases when the force is applied along with the irregularities. Types of friction There are main two main types of friction Statie friction: it is defined as the frictional force that acts between the surfaces when they are at rest with respect to each other. The magnitude of the static force is equal in the opposite direction when a small amount of force is applied. When the force increases, at some point maximum static friction is reached Kinetic, friction, The static friction formula is defined as: f =Hg N Applications of Static Friction ‘A car parked on a road, Block placed on a bench, a book Lying on a table, Hook hanged to the wall, A photo frame on the wall Limiting Friction: The maximum friction force that comes into play when the body just starts moving is the limiting condition of static friction. It is also called limiting friction. I is the product of the Normal force and coefficient of limiting friction. Kinetic friction: It is a kind of friction which opposes the motion of moving objects. If an object starts moving due to the applied force on it, then there is a frictional force which opposes the applied force of the object. The Kinetic friction formula is defined as: fig =jty N Kinetic friction is also dividing into kinds as mentioned ing friction: It is also known as dynamic friction, is a force that opposes the relative motion or attempted motion between two surfaces in contact. It occurs when one object slides or moves across another. The Sliding friction formula is defined as: f =Hs N Sliding friction is caused by the interactions between the microscopic irregularities on the surfaces of the objects in contact. These irregularities create resistance to motion, which shows as a force opposing the direction of movement. 113 | Prepared & Composed by sir: Faisal Arif QuershiCLASS XI DYNAMICS UNIT #03 Rolling friction: Rolling friction, also known as rolling resistance, is a type of friction that occurs when one object rolls or moves over another surface. Moving bicycles, cars, roller skates, and ball bearings experience rolling friction. It is also slightly weaker in magnitude than sliding friction, which is why most machines use rolling. motion for more effortless movement. Laws of f ‘© The maximum static frictional force (limiting friction) is directly proportional to the normal force. Friction acts oppositely to the direction of motion ‘The frictional force is independent of the area of contact surfaces, Frictional force depends on the nature of the surfaces in contact. Kinetic friction is independent of the sliding velocity. e000 Angle of friction Angle made by the resultant of normal reaction and limiting friction with the normal reaction is called the angle of friction. 8 Denoted by a P The coefficient of static friction is equal to the tangent of the angle of friction TES From diagram tangent will be Renei Tana = 2 yp Tana = (a) Angle of Repose The maximum angle of the inclined plane at which object can slide when the object and surface are in contact The angle whose tangent is the coefficient of friction between the two bodies From diagram we have two equations mgsind mgcos0 = Divide equation (1) from (2), we get rgsing _ ‘mgcosd sind ‘cos6 Tand Equating eq (a) and (b), we get Tand = tana =. mg sind fe (b) 14 | Prepared & Composed by sir: Faisal Arif QuershiCLASS XI DYNAMICS UNIT #03 0=a Therefore, angle of friction is equal to angle of repose. Advantages of Friction (©. Friction is responsible for many types of motion It helps us walk on the ground Brakes in a car make use of friction to stop the car Asteroids are burnt in the atmosphere before reaching Earth due to friction. Ithelps in the generation of heat when we rub our hands. 2ax50= 07-117 100 a= 123.43 a= 123.43/100 a=1.234m/s* By Newton s second law of motion formula 1000%1.234= 1234N 115 | Prepared & Composed by sir: Faisal Arif QuershiCLASS XI DYNAMICS UNIT #03 #02: A helicopter weighs 3920N, Calculate the force on it if it is ascending up at rate of OF 2m/s". What will be the force on helicopter if it is moving up with a constant speed Of 4m/s? Data Weight of Helicopter =W= 3920N Acceleration Velocity=v=4m/s, mis? Find Mass of object ==" Upward force =R=? Solution By using weight formula to find mass ig =3920/9.8= 400kg By using formula R-W R=FAW R= mat+W= 400%2 +3920 R=4720N The helicopter is moving with constant speed therefore there is zero acceleration R=W=3920N Q#03: A 100gram bullets s fired form a 10kg gun with a speed of 100m/s. what is the speed of recoils of the gun? Data Mass of bullet =m)=100gram =100/1000= 0.1kg Mass of gun =m2=10kg Initial velocity of bullet = U)=0 Initial velocity of Gun=U2=0 Final Velocity of bullets ~V.=100m/s Find Final Velocity of recoil gun=V2=? Solution By using Equation for law conservation of momentum my uy + mau =m, vi + ma v2 0.1 x0 + 10 x0 = 0.1 «100 + 10 v2 10+10V2=0 10V2=-10 Im/s Q#04: A machine gun fires 10bullets per second into a target. Each bullet weighs 20 gram and had speed of 1500m/s. find the necessary Force to hold the gun in position? 126 | Prepared & Composed by sir: Faisal Arif QuershiCLASS XI DYNAMICS UNIT #03 Data Numbers of bullets fired =n= 10 ‘Mass of each bullet =m=20gram = 20/1000= 0.02kg Total mass of 10 bullets =M =n m=10 «0.02 =0.2kg Speed of bullet=V=1500m/s ‘Time= t=Isecond for each bullets Find Find the holding force of gun = F =? Solution As we know that rate of change of momentum is called force “APIt MVf—Mviy't (0.2 «1500 0.2 xOY/1 300N Q#05: A 50 grams Bullet is fired into a 10 kg block that is suspended by a long cord so that it can swing as a pendulum. If the block is displaced so that its center of gravity rises by 10cm, what was the speed of bullets? Data Mass of bull Ogram= 50/10000.05kg Mass of Block=my-10kg, Height of block=h=10cm=10/100-0.1m Initial velocity of block U0 Gravity =g-9.8m/? Find Speed of bullet=U.=? Solution By using law conservation of energy formula to find Velocity 12mv2= mgh Cancelling m on both sides 1/2V7=gh Vi=2gh v= y2gh v= (@X9BX0.1) V=V1.96= 1.4m/s By using Equation for law conservation of momentum my uy + m3 um; v+ mv Vi=V2=V 0.05% uy + 10 «0 = (0.05+10)«1.4 U1 = 14.07/0.05 17 | Prepared & Composed by sir: Faisal Arif QuershiCLASS XI DYNAMICS UNIT #03 Us=281.4mis, #06: A 70 grams ball collides with another ball of mass 140gram. The initial velocity of the first ball is 9m/s to right while the second bail is at rest. If the collision were perfectly clastic, what would be the velocity of two balls after the collision? Data Mass of first ball m1=70 gram = 70/1000= 0.07kg Mass of 2" ball m2=140gram =140/1000-0.14kg, Initial velocity of 1" ball= U1=9m/s before collision Initial velocity of 2" ball=U2=0 Find Final velocity of 1* bal Final velocity of 2™ ball Solution By using elastic collision formula to find V; and V2 ‘Vie (my-m) Uy! (my+m;) ‘Vie (0.07-0.14) *9/ (0.07+0.14) = -3m/s Similarly Vz v. 2m,Uv/(my+ms) (0.07%9/ (0.07+0.14)-om/s Qi st A truck weighing 2500Kg and moving with velocity of 21m/s collides with a ary car weight 1000kg. Truck and car move together after the impact. Calculate their common velocity. Data Mass of truck (m;) =2500 kg, and Velocity (u1) = 21 m/s Mass of car (mz) = 1000 kg and (us) = 0 mis Find Final velocity Solution mu + Muy = (mM) + m2) Vv 2500 « 21 + 1000 * 0 = (2500 + 1000) v 52,500 +0 = 3500 v v= 15 mis 18 | Prepared & Composed by sir: Faisal Arif QuershiCLASS XI DYNAMICS UNIT #03 Structured Ques! CRQs#O1: State Newton’s second Law of Motion. The second law of motion, itis simply a relationship between the force and acceleration of any object in the universe. Statement This law states that “the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass.” CRQs#02: How does mass affect an object ‘acceleration? As we know that acceleration is inversely proportional to mass. aax As mass increases and force rate is slow then acceleration of body will decrease, CRQsH03: What are the different types of forces that can act on an object? Types of Forces Contact Forces Non-contact Forces Frictional Force Gravitational Force Tension Force Electrical Force Normal Force Magnetic Force Air Resistance Force Applied Force Spring Force CRQs#04; How do you calculate net force? The net force can be calculated using Newton's second law, which states that F=ma, Where: F=is the net force, ‘m= is the mass of the object. ‘Aa=is acceleration. CROQs#05: State the law conservation of momentum According to the law of conservation of linear momentum, the total momentum of a system remains conserved in the absence of an external force. 119 | Prepared & Composed by sir: Faisal Arif QuershiCLASS XI DYNAMICS UNIT #03 CRQs#06: What is difference between elastic and inelastic collision? Elastic collisions A state where there is no net loss in kinetic energy in the system as the result of the collision is called an elastic collision Inelastic collisions A type of collision where this is a loss of kinetic energy is called an inelastic collision. The lost kinetic energy is transformed into thermal energy, sound energy, and material deformation. CROQs#07: How does impulse related to force and time? When a force acts on an object for a short amount of time, impulse is the measure of how much the force changes the momentum of an object. Denoted by J= PA CRQs#08: How does fr jon influence the motion of an object? Friction is a fundamental force that affects the motion of objects int various ways, from resisting motion and slowing down objects to enabling controlled movement and providing essential traction in various applications. Thus, friction is crucial in engineering, physics, and everyday life 20 | Prepared _& Composed by sir: Faisal Arif Quershi