LESSON 5

A. GRAMMAR: PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS AND PAST PERFECT

Exercise 1. Write a question for each situation.

1. You meet Kate as she is leaving the swimming pool. You say:
Hi, Kate. (you / swim?) Have you been swimming?
2. You have arrived a little late to meet Ben who is waiting for you. You say:
I’m sorry I’m late, Ben. (you / wait / long?)
........................................................................................................................................................
3. Jane’s little boy comes into the house with a very dirty face and dirty hands. His mother says:
Why are you so dirty? (what / you / do?)
...............................................................................................................................................................
4. You are in a shop and see Anna. You didn’t know she worked there. You say:
Hi, Anna. (how long / you / work / here?)
.............................................................................................................................................................
5. A friend tells you about his job – he sells phones. You say:
You sell phones? (how long / you / do / that?)
...................................................................................................................................................

Exercise 2. Put the verb into the present continuous (am/is/are + -ing) or present perfect continuous
(have/has been + -ing).

1. Maria has been learning (Maria / learn) English for two years.
2. Hi, Tom. I .............................................................. (look) for you. I need to ask you something.
3. Why .................................................................................. (you / look) at me like that? Stop it!
4. Rachel is a teacher. She ................................................................. (teach) for ten years.
5. I ............................................................. (think) about what you said and I’ve decided to take your advice.
6. ‘Is Paul on holiday this week?’ ‘No, he .................................................................... (work).’
7. Sarah is very tired. She ..................................................................................... (work) very hard recently.

Exercise 3. Read the situation and complete the sentences. Use the verbs in brackets.

2. Rachel is from Australia. She is travelling round Europe. She began her trip three months ago.
She ............................................................................................ for three months. (travel)
She ............................................................................................ six countries so far. (visit)
3. Patrick is a tennis player. He began playing tennis when he was 10 years old. This year he won the
national
championship again – for the fourth time.
Patrick ............................................................................................ the national championship four times. (win)
Patrick ............................................................................................ since he was ten. (play)
4. When they left college, Lisa and Sue started making films together. They still make films.
They ............................................................................................ films since they left college. (make)
They ............................................................................................ five films since they left college. (make)

Exercise 4. Put the verb into the present perfect or present perfect continuous.

1 Where have you been? Have you been playing (you / play) tennis?
2 Look! Somebody ............................................................................................ (break) that window.
3 You look tired. You ............................................................................................ (work) hard?
4 ‘ You ............................................................................................ (ever / work) in a factory?’ ‘No, never.’
5 Where’s Lisa? Where she ............................................................................................ (go)?
6 This is a very old book. I .......................................................................................... (have) it since I was a child.
7 ‘Have you been busy?’ ‘No, I ............................................................................................ (watch) TV.’
8 My brother is an actor. He ............................................................................................ (appear) in several films.
9 ‘Sorry I’m late.’ ‘That’s all right. I ............................................................................................ (not wait) long.’
10 Are you OK? You look as if you ............................................................................................ (cry).

Exercise 5. Read the situations and write sentences using the words in brackets.

3 You went back to your home town recently after many years. It wasn’t the same as before.
(It / change / a lot) It ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 Somebody sang a song. You didn’t know it.
(I / not / hear / it / before) I
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 I invited Rachel to the party, but she couldn’t come.
(She / arrange / to do something else) ..........................................................................................................................................................................
6 You went to the cinema last night. You got to the cinema late.
(The film / already / start)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
7 Last year we went to Mexico. It was our first time there.
(We / not / be / there / before) We
...................................................................................................................................................................................
8 I met Daniel last week. It was good to see him again after such a long time.
(I / not / see / him for five years)
........................................................................................................................................................................................
9 I offered my friends something to eat, but they weren’t hungry.
(They / just / have / lunch)
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................

Exercise 6. Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done) or past simple (I did).

1 Paul wasn’t at the party when I arrived. He’d gone (He / go) home.
2 I felt very tired when I got home, so I ......................................................................................... (go) straight to bed.
3 The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody ......................................................................................... (go) to bed.
4 Mark travels a lot. When I first met him, he ......................................................................................... (already / travel) round
the world.
5 Sorry I’m late. The car ......................................................................................... (break) down on my way here.
6 We were driving along the road when we ................................................................................. (see) a car which
...................................................................................... (break) down, so we ....................................................................................... (stop) to help.

B. PRACTICE
Exercise 7. Choose the correct answers in A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.

1. Bob hasn’t ………..… his mind yet.

A. made B. gone C. used to D. found
2. Everyone has to follow this way to get into the fair, ………..…?
A. do they B. don’t they C. doesn’t she D. doesn’t he
3. We spent half a year ………..… this hotel.
A. to build B. built C. with building D. building
4. She is bored ………..… getting up early.
A. with B. in C. of D. to
5. Would you like me to get you something to drink? - ………..…
A. That would be nice B. No, I’m sorry
C. That’s too bad D. My pleasure
6. English is the ………..… language on one- fifth of the land area of the world.
A. office B. official C. officer D. officially
7. It's an hour since he ………..…, so he must be at the office now.
A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. is leaving
8. I usually go to work by bus, but ………..… and then I use my motorbike.
A. again B. once C. now D. ever
9. Of my parents, my father is ………..…
A. the stricter B. the strictest C. stricter D. strict
10. If you’re not happy with how much you earn, you can ask for a pay ………..…
A. bonus B. higher C. wages D. pension

Exercise 8. Read the text about night shift work and answer the questions that follow.

Night Shift Work

Many people have jobs that are not very interesting, but a lot of people have to work at night, and this is
very difficult. When everybody else is getting ready to go out, they have to go to work, and this puts a lot of
psychological stress on them. It is also not very healthy because the human body is designed to be active in
the day and to rest in the dark. If this cycle is reversed it can have a bad effect on a person's health. So, why
do people do the night shift? Nowadays many businesses have to offer a 24-hour service, like hotels,
delivery companies, some supermarkets are open all night and all day, call centres and hospitals. It is true
that some people only need a few hours of sleep at night but the majority need eight hours. Humans are most
active in the middle of the day, and the time when they are least able to concentrate and be efficient is
between 2 am and 4 am. This is the worst time to drive or to do anything that needs concentration. The body
finds it very difficult to adapt to the opposite cycle. Things are not likely to get better in the future because
more and more businesses are working 24-hour cycles to keep in step with our 24-hour society.
1. What is the writer's main aim in writing the text?
A to describe the importance of work. B to help people change their way of life.
C to say how working at night can be harmful. D to suggest how to become a night shift worker.
2. What does the writer say about night jobs?
A You get better working conditions. B There is a variety of them.
C It is easier than working during the day. D Many people refuse to work at night.
3. What would a reader learn about sleep from the text?
A Everybody needs the same amount. B It's difficult to change your sleeping needs.
C People sleep better in the early morning. D It's easy to change your sleeping habits.
4. What does the writer say about the future?
A Fewer people will work during the day. B Many people will stop working during the day.
C Some jobs will always be done at night. D Nobody will work at night.
5. Which of the following could also be a title for this text?
A SOCIETY IS CHANGING BUT OUR BODIES ARE NOT!
B A GOOD NIGHT'S SLEEP CAN CHANGE YOUR LIFE!
C A WORKER THAT SLEEPS MORE, WORKS MORE!
D IT'S TIME TO END THE NIGHT SHIFT!
Exercise 9. Fill the blanks with the right form of the CAPITAL words provided in the right column

1. Their children have quite ................................................................... characters. DIFFERENCE

2. What is the correct ................................................................... of this word? PRONOUNCE
3. He didn’t win the championship, so he felt very .................................................................... HOPE
4. She is one of the greatest ................................................................... to appear in this theater. PERFORM
5. My house is on the top of a hill. It’s very ................................................................... there in the fall. WIND
6. It is ................................................................... to eat too much sugar and fatty food. HEALTH
7. Many rural areas in Viet Nam have been ................................................................... in the last few years. URBAN
8. Bell ................................................................... demonstrated his invention. SUCCESS
9. Every day, there are two ................................................................... from Da Nang to Ho Chi Minh city. FLY
10. There are a lot of ................................................................... in the competition. CONTEST
KEY
EX1
2 ’s been watching TV / has been watching TV or … watching television
3 ’ve been playing tennis / have been playing tennis
4 ’s been running / has been running
EX2
2 I’ve been looking / I have been looking
3 are you looking
4 She’s been teaching / She has been teaching
5 I’ve been thinking / I have been thinking
6 he’s working / he is working
7 She’s been working / She has been working
8 you’re driving / you are driving
9 has been travelling
EX3
2 She’s been travelling / She has beenBtravelling …
She’s visited / She has visited …
3 He’s won / He has won …
He’s been playing tennis / He has been playing …
4 They’ve been making / Theyhave been making …
They’ve made / They have made …
EX4
2 Somebody’s broken /
Somebody has broken
3 Have you been working
4 Have you ever worked
5 has she gone
6 I’ve had / I have had
7 I’ve been watching / I have been
watching
8 He’s appeared / He has appeared
9 I haven’t been waiting
10 you’ve been crying / you have
been crying
11 it’s stopped / it has stopped
12 They’ve been playing / They
have been playing
13 I’ve lost / I have lost … Have
you seen
14 I’ve been reading / I have been
reading … I haven’t finished
15 I’ve read / I have read
EX5
3 It had changed a lot.
4 I hadn’t heard it before.
5 She’d arranged to do something else. /
She had arranged …
6 The film had already started.
7 We hadn’t been there before.
8 I hadn’t seen him for five years.
9 They’d just had lunch. / They had
just had …
10 He’d never played before. / He had
never played …
EX6
2 I went
3 had gone
4 he’d already travelled / he had
already travelled
5 broke
6 we saw … had broken … we
Stopped

EX9
1. different 7.pronunciation 2. fÝhing 8.orphanage 3. successfully 9.comfortable 4. entertainment 10.performers 5.voluntary 6.interesting