Lecture 1
Lecture 1
Fall 2022
Rajeev Balasubramonian
1
CS/EE 6810: Computer Architecture
• Topics
Measuring performance/cost/power
Instruction level parallelism, dynamic and static
Memory hierarchy
Multiprocessors
Accelerators, security
Storage systems and networks 2
Lectures and Office Hours
• Class format:
Most lectures pre-recorded and posted on YouTube
Regular lectures every Mon/Wed
Allocate time every week to do video review, perhaps as
you’re working on that week’s assignment
Masks, vaccines strongly encouraged; inform me in case
of a positive covid test; stay home if you’re unwell
Office hours mentioned on class webpage; also
available for a few minutes right after every lecture;
email me to set up any other meetings
TA office hours – TBA – Tues, Wed, Thurs
3
Organizational Issues
4
Grading
5
Lecture 1: Computing Trends, Metrics
• Topics:
Technology trends
Metrics (performance, energy, reliability)
6
Historical Microprocessor Performance
7
Source: H&P textbook
Microprocessor Performance
Source: karlrupp.net
8
Processor Technology Trends
• Wire delays do not scale down at the same rate as logic delays
9
What Helps Performance?
10
Points to Note
11
Power Impact
12
Performance Stagnation
13
Clock Speed Increases
14
Source: H&P textbook
Recent Microprocessor Trends
Performance: 1.15x
Frequency: 1.05x
Power: 1.04x
2004 2010
15
Source: Micron University Symp.
More Diverse Platforms
16
Image credits: uber, extremetech, anandtech
New Design Concerns
17
Image credits: gizmodo
Where Are We Headed?
Modern trends:
Clock speed improvements are slowing (power constraints)
Difficult to further optimize a single core for performance
Multi-cores: each new processor generation will
accommodate more cores
Need better programming models and efficient
execution for multi-threaded applications
Need better memory hierarchies
Need greater energy efficiency
Dark silicon, accelerators
Reduced data movement
Emergence of new metrics: security, reliability
Emergence of new workloads: ML, graphs, genomics
18