1

2. NRTIs for the treatment of HIV/AIDS are most likely to cause pancreatitis, except

Stavudine

Didanosine

Zidovudine

Abacavir

Lamuvidine

3 : A 23 yr old 7months pregnant female presented to OPD and tells the physician that She had chills and
rigors in the last evening. Peripheral smear reveals gametocytes of P. Vivax . After explaining the risks
and benefits of the treatment which among the following is best prescribed..? 1) Quinine 2)
primaquine 3) Mepacrine 4) Chloroquine 5) Artmimsin

4. HAART therapy involves drug combination from among the different categories of drug available for
HIV/AIDS complex...

Patient after using this therapy develops severe abdominal pain distension and shock..

Serum amylase level are 2500IU/dl..likely agent is.

a.Ziduvudine

b.Indinavir

c.Didanosin

d.Saquinavir

e.Lopivavir

5. An antiviral drug has greater than 90% of its excretion in urine in intact form. Because this drug has
low urine stability it can result in decreased bioavailability and increased chances of nephrotoxicity. Such
patients should therefore be hydrated well to prevent nephrotoxicity. The highly prescribed drug is

A. Acyclovir

B. Amphotericin B

C. Zidovidine

D. Indinavir

E. Amantadine

6 Development of resistance to conventional therapies has made who to make use of combination
therapies.Which of the following combination therapy is not used?

A)artemether and lumifantrine

B) artesunate and quinine

C) artesunate and mefloquine

D) artesunate and chloroquine

E) artesunate and sulphamethoxazole

Q7) 18yrs old boy has history of fever for last 2 months. He repeatedly gets antimalarial as blood film
show P.vivax suspecting a case of hypnozotal relapse with P.vivax. you plan to start him at radical care.
The prescribed drug should be started after which of the tests turn out to be normal?

A) osmotic fragility test

B) G6PD time

C) sickling test

D) reticulocyte count

E) Hb electrophoresis

8 : A patient is having a HIV/AIDS infection.The physician is concerned about his chances of getting CMV
retinit .He prscribed him a drug as prophylaxisfor suppressing the susCeptible infection:

a) derfovir

b)acyclovir

c)indinavir

d)sobrsosfovir

e)Entelavir

9 Pseudomembranous collitis is caused by

1)prolonged use of narrow spectrum antibiotics

2) prolonged use of extended spectrum antibiotics

3)prolonged and frequent use of broad spectrum antibiotics

4) use of combination antibiotics

5) discontinued use of antibiotics

10

11 A person presented to OPD with wheezing you decide to use Theophylline with pharmacokinetics
vd=35 cl=48l/min t1/2= 8 h at infusion rate=0.48ml/min what is time required to reach 93.75% of final
steady state concentration
A.48min

B. 8h

C.24 h

D.32h

12. An advertisement in a local newspaper seeks to enroll 2100 patients with arthritis in medical studiy.
This study would be the first time that a new drug would be tested in persons with the disease. Based on
described nomenclature the study would therefore be classified as

A: Phase 1 clinical trial

B: Phase 2 clinical trial

C: Phase 3 clinical trial

D: Phase 4 clinical trial

E: Phase 0 clinical trial

13 Tell us about the timings of attainment of NDA application, before which phase of clinical trials?

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Phase 4

Phase 0

14. Experimental trials on animals preceeds human trials. Which one of following categories is not
included in experimental studies on animals

1.acute toxicity studies

2.subacute and chronic toxicity studies

3.teratogenic studies

3.safety and efficacy

15. Which of the folowing is true about G protien?

A. G protien binds to ligand on cell surface receptor

B. G protiens acts as excitatory and inhibitory because of differences in alpha subunit.

C. All the three Alpha , Beta and Gamma subunit bind for GTP to act.

D. G protien is bind to GTP in resting state

E. G protien is only excitatory

16. Single transduction is an important step for responce of a drug. Which of the following when binds
to receptor produce no responce.

A. Agonist when binds to receptor

B. Partial agonist produce no responce

C. Antagonist binds to receptor, produce no responce

D. Inverse agonist bind to receptor and produce no responce

17 .Despite your careful adherence to basic pharmacokinetic principles, your patient on digoxin therapy
has developed digitalis toxicity. The plasma digoxin level is now 4ng/mL. Renal function is normal and
plasma t1/2 for digoxin in this patient is 1.6 days. How long should you withhold digoxin in order to
reach a safer yet probably therapeutic level of 1ng/mL. a) 1.6 days b)2.4 days
c) 3.2 days d) 4.8 days e) 6.4days

18:- various study task are applied during experiment of pharma which of the following provide
information about in response to drug when applying to study of population A ) drug
potency. B) graded dose response curve. C ) Max efficicacy.
D) quantal dose response curve. E) therapeutic index.

19 ……..A patient is asthamatic weehing cough he was given theophylline .. the does was vd 35l Cl 48 half
life was 8 hrs the rate was 0.48 time required to reach 93.75 % of concentration

A 48 min

B 7.4 hr

C 8 hr

D 24 hr

E 32 hr

20 Which of the following are used in combination for streptogramins

A) dalfopristin+linzolid

B) daptomycin+linzolid

C) dalfopristin+quinopristin

D) dalfopristin+daptomycin

21 The antibiotic which inhibit the very first step in cell wall synthesis is

a. Methicilin

B.penicillin G

C.penicillin V

D. Ampicillin
E.fosfomycin

22 . Gray baby syndrome is the adverse effect of which of the following drug a)chloramphenicol
(b)gentamicin (c) fluroquinolone (d)tetracycline

23. Animal studies are done to determine various pharmacological parameters before clinical trials in
human. A drug injected IV into animal. It have high serum protein binding. Which of the following will
be increased in clinical application of this drug in humans?

a) drug interaction with other drugs

b)distribtion of drug in plasma

c)renal excretion d)liver metabolism e)drug toxicity

24) which anti viral causes prolonged QT interval?

a)itraconazole(✓)

b)ketokonazole

c)amphotiricin B

d)flucocytosineC

25. A 23 years old male having testiculat carcinoma undergoes chemotherapy. After 6 hours he has
vomiting. Which drug is used for this vomiting

Odensetron

Preomethazine

Hydroxyzine

26 It binds the ligand on surface of membrane

It has Gtp in it's resting state

It lead to activation or inhibition on the base of type of alpha unit attached alpha beta gamma bind
together in active state

27: which of the following has most bioavailability.

a. intramuscular

b.intravascular

c.oral

d.intrathecal

e.topical

28 Drug administration follow which reliable factor that reflects total amount of drug in blood when
administered orally.
1)AUC

2)Peak maximum blood concentration

3)Product of Vd and first order rate constant

4)vd

5)time to reach peak conc

29 Which drug causes sedation???

Hydroxyzine

Laratadine

Desloratadine

Fexofenadine

30. . A 4 years old boy presented with pruiritic rash over the trunk and limbs for last 1 week . On
examination scabies was diagnosed. Which medicine would you prescrib to him. A.
Ivermectin B. Benzyl benzoate C. Permethrin D. Lindane
E. Clatarodin

31 . Which of the following is not metabolized by acetylation.

a. INH

b. Rifampin

c. Dapsone

d. Hydralazine

e.procainamide

32 a patient came to opd with hypertension dr prescribed him antihypertensive drug which is actually a
prodrug a) enalapril b) linsinopril 3) captopril 4)acetazolamide 5)metoprolol

33 A pt presents to ccu with ccf and atrial fibrillation. He was given 1mg digoxin as a loading dose. The
loading dose of drug primarily depends on

A) clearance

B) volume of distribution

C) rate of elimination

D) half life

E) absorption
34.A pateint presented to pulmonary OPD with desiminated pulmonary Tb,he was cachectic and had
right leg swelling which on doppler showed sluggish blood flow in deep vein labelling as DVT. He was
put on ATT and warfarin after two weeks he developed left leg swelling due to DVt,in this case Warfarin
don't work because of....

a.Enzyme induction

b.Enzyme inhibition

c.Slow absorption of warfarin

d.Quick clearance of warfarin

Long plasma half life of warfarin

35 Which of the following is not a phase 1 reaction?

Oxidation

Reduction

Hydrolysis

Acetylation

Deamination

36 .Drug acting through G protein coupled reception attaches to receptor on membrane surface. G
protein is composed of 3 sub units alpha, beta, gamma.Action of alpha is

A. Binding of agonist

B. Conversion of GDP to GTP

C. Breakdown of GTP to GDP

D. Internalization of receptor

E. Degradation of receptor..

37) a patient with G6pD defficiency suffer from baccilus anthrax the drug of choice for treatment is

Ceftriaxone

Nilidixic acid

Cotrimazole

Nitrofosfamide

38 Deferent drug manifest characteristics pharma logical characteristics in their excretion and metabolic
pathway .the characteristics of elimation of ethanol and high doses phenytoin and aspirin called ...A)
distribution.B) excretion..C)first pass effect D) first order kinetics E) zero order kinetics
39)A 30 year old male diagnosed of klebsiella pneumoniae.his condition got worsened instead of
improving with a drug prescribed by a physician.He was hospitalized and tazobactum was added to
previous prescribed drug .what was previous drug that led to miraculous improvement within 48 hours

a)ticarcillin

B) piperacillin

C) ampicillin

D) oxacillin

Correct Option is B

40. A 40 years old male patient with mitral valve stenosis needs root canal treatment for his left
premolar. The dentist before prescribtion is prophylactically informed by the patient that he was
severely allergic to penicillin. What do you think should be the best choice in prophylaxis?

A. Meropenem

B. Amoxicillin

C. Penicillin

D. Cefexime

E. Clarithomycin

41. A baby presented with a hearing loss by birth.the mother gave a history that she had a urinary
infection in her early second trimester for which she took some antibiotics injections .which drugs could
have caused these teratogenic effects : a)Ampicillin b)ticarcillin c)pipercillin d)gentamycin e)cefexime

42

43. the process of leukocyte accumulation at the peripheral vessels

A .adhesion

B .rolling

C.migration

D.margination

E.tumbling

44 Diapedisis in systemic vasculature occurs in .........artereole veneule capillaries metarterole

45 host proteins that coat microbes and target them for phagocytosis are:

A) selectins

B) caderins

C) opsonins
D) integrins

E) kinins

46 )Endothelial cells contraction leading to cellular gaps in post capillary venules is the most common
cause of

1) increase capillary permeablity

2) stasis

3) margination

4) immigration

5) rolling

47. Which of the following is not an outcome of inflammation

Resolution

Angiogenesis

Abcess formation

Chronic inflammation

Fibrosis

48:-Nitrous oxide is

a.potent vasodilator

b.opsonin

c.chemotactic agent

d.vasoconstriction

49 .Sarcoidosis is

1. Acute inflammation

2. Chronic inflammation

3. Granulomatous inflammation

4. Type 1 hypersensitivity

5. Host vs graft reaction..

50.After leaving vasculatue and migration in tissue which of the following is chemotactic to recruit the
leukocytes toward infection or injured tissue.

A braydikinin
B chemokines

C histamines

D prostaglandins

E nitrous oxide

51 While shaving in morning 23yrs old male nicks his upper lip with razor within second after blood loss
from a small dermal arterioles reduced through

a.active C protein

b.vasoconstriction

c.platelet aggregation

d.neutrophil chemotaxis

e.fibrin polymerase

52 ) Acute inflammation occurs in all of the following except

a)streptococcus pneumonae

b)mycoplasma pneumonae

c)mycobacterium leprae

d)borellia vincenti

53 . Which of the following is feature of acute inflammation?

A. Angiogenesis

B. Fibrosis

C. Neutrophils infiltration

D. Tissue destruction

E. Increased conc. Of lymphocytes

54 which of the following is not a cell of chronic inflammation .

a.histiocytes

b.neutrophills

c.lymphocytes

d.plasma cells

e.macrophages

55 : Important step in activation of complement systems is:

a: formation of c5 convertase

b: formation of membrane attack complex

c: activation of c3 component

d: formation of c3b component

e: formation of c5 component

56

57) which one is the feature of inflammation?

A) Hypertrophy

B) Phagocytosis

C) Hyperplasia

D) Dysplasia

E) Metaplasia

58 58.acute phase reaction is the result of production of..

a.IL1

b.TNF

c.complement proteins

d.lL1, TNF and lL6

e.protaglindins

59 arachidonic acid by Lox pathway produces

A)prostaglandin

B)prostacyclin

C)thrombaxane A2

D)interleukin and leukotriene

E)Cytokine

60 dystrophic calcification occurs

Due to hypercalcemia

Due to vit d imbalance

In normal tissue

In necrotic tissue
61- A 40 year old women had leproscopic surgery 4 month ago ,now she has small nodule beneath skin
at incised site that was sutured which cell type is most likely the characteristic of inflammatory respone

a.mast cell

b.eisinophil

c.giant cell

d.plasma cell

62

63A preformed mediator of inflammation is

Prostaglandins

Histamine

Leukotriens

No

PAF

64:which of the following is not true about acute inflamation (a) endothelial cell contract (b) migration
of monocytes (c)adhesion of leukocytes to endithelial cell (d)production of arachidonic acid (e)acute
phase reaction is due to cytokines

65

66 Is most likely the gross appearance of the mass

#anaplasia

#metaplasia

#desmoplasia

#hyperplasia

#aplasia

67

68

69) presence of pancreatic tissue in gastric muscosa

a) metaplasia

b) neoplasia

c) dysplasia

d) chondrioma
d) hamartoma

70. Hemartoma is

1.Benign tumor

2.Malignant tumor

3.Sarcoma

4.Angiosarcoma

71 .Patient use smokeless tobacco and develop submucosal fibrosis

A pre malignant

B neoplastic

C hyperplasia

D metaplasia

E hypertrophy

.72.

73.. A 40 year old woman had sudden severe onset of abdominal pain. On physical examination, she had
diffuse tenderness in all abdominal quadrants along with marked guarding and muscular rigidity. The
laboratory findings include AST 43 U/L ALT 40U/L LDS 630U/L lipase 415 U/L. On CT examination there
was peritoneal fluid collection with decreased attenuation along with enlargement of pancreas. Which
of the following cellular events will accompany the findings.

a. Coagulative necrosis

b. Fat necrosis

c. Apoptosis

d. Liquefactive necrosis

e. Dry gangrene.

74

75 Chronic alcoholic has an no known illness and has AST ALT levels are normal so what will be the
condition of the liver A hemorrhage B shock C
smooth muscle hyperplasia

76 . Mutation of codon leading to substitution of one aminoacid by anotheris called

a.nonsense mutation

b.missense mutation

C.point mutation
d.frame shift mutation

77. Endotoxin by gram -ve bacteria is present in

1. Peptidoglycan

2. Lipopolysachharide

3. Teichoic acid

4. Inner membrane

5. Outer membrane

78 Difference b/w gram negative and gram positive bacteria is on the basis of

A. Cell wall
B. cell membrane
C. Mesosomes
D. Nuclear membrane
E. Nucleus

79 Blood agar is

a) enrichment media

b) enriched media

c) differential media

d) selective media

e) maconkey

80

81 ....Causing of death of person in pursuance order of the law Court is example of:

A) culpable homicide

B) excusable homicide

C) justifiable homicide

D) Qatl bis sabab

E) Qatl I amd

82 . Causing a woman with a child whose organs have been partially formed to be aborted is called

A. Isqat e hamlet
B. Iqat e Janin

C. criminal abortion

D. Infanticide

83

84. Type of hurt classified on the basis of manner

Homicide

Jurh

Negligent act

Shajjah

Suicide

85 ..varicarious responsiblity pertains to

a. hosp contribution to patients damage

b. pt's contribution to negligence

c. responsibility for action of college

d. responsibility for action of anesthesiast

e. responsibility of seniors for actions of juniors

86. What is that called when a senior is responsible for the negligent acts of his subordinates?

Options1)contributory neg

2)compensatory neg

3) civil neg

4)vicarious liability

87 In which of the following police inquest is required?

A) anaesthetic death

B) death dua to criminal abortion

C) death in police custody

D) death of convict in jail

E)Exhumation cases
 88. When poison are classified according to mode of action. Phosphorus is an example of...... a .
Mechanical irritant ....b .. metallic irritant.... C. Non. Metallic irritant.... D. Organic acid ... E. Organic
irritant

89

90 in case of daed poisoning victim in hospital, the duty of doctor is :a) arrange dying declaration. b)
communicate the fact with police officer. c) give opinion about the nature of poison. d) send the
dead body to medicolegal autopsy.

91: for dna finger printing somedelay to transmission to laboratory blood or some tissue or swab in
sterile tube should be and frozen at

-10

20

-4

92: The data analyzed by investigation agency to isolate an individual specific identity character for
personal identity

1: completely identification

2:objective identification

3: partial identification

4:subjective identification

5: standardized identification

93. The medullary index of a human hair is

A) Less than 0.3

B) Less than 0.5

C) More than 0.3

D) More than 0.4

E) More than 0.5

94 Superimposition techniques is used for

a identification

b time since death

c age estimation
d cause of death

95 superimposition technique is useful for …

age estimation

Time since death

Identification

Manner of death

Cause of death

96

97. Low dose aspirin given to a hypertensive patient daily to prevent further H.attacks or strokes. Its
a type of;

1. Primordial infection

2. Primary prevention

3. Secondary prevention

4.specific protection

5. Tertiary infection

98 In a town of 10000 population 70 people got infected with hepatitis B and 8 of them died.

What is case of fatality rate of hepatitis B

1: 1%

2: 2%

3: 0.5%

4: 20%

5: 11.4%

99. Measles virus is transmitted through air borne droplets and is one of the leading causes of
respiratory infections, mostly seen in children of developing countries. Which of the following
statement about measles is correct?

a. Humans and bats are the only reservoir

b. Infection confers lifelong immunity

c. More than one serotype of the virus have been identified

d. The virus cannot be transmitted from infected mother to fetus

e. The virus can cause severe birth defects

100. Malaria is endemic in pakistan. The main causative parasite is plasmodium .Which specie is
commonly involved?

A. falciparum, ovale

B. Vivax and ovale

C. Malarie and falciparum

D. Vivax and malarie.

101. Who is at highest risk of developing corona virus disease

A. 15 to 25 yrs old

B. 35 to 45 yrs old

C. 55 to 65 yrs old

D. 65 to 75 yrs old

E. 25 to 35 yrs old

102

103. Burden of disease is given by:

Incidence

Crude death rate

Cause specific death rate

Proportional immortality rate

Hospital admission rate

104 : a study was conducted to determine the prevelance of stress among medical students to
observe an association BW the level of stress and thier academic performence all medical students
from year 1-5 were enrolled in study. What study design should u select ;

A case study

B case control study

C cohort study

D cross sectional study

E expermintal study

105.A student wanted to conduct a qualitative research on devastating experience and

consequences of pandemic recorded over last few centuries. Which design study is this?

A)Case study
B)Ethnography

C)Historical study

D)Groundes theory

E)Fenominology

106) a student is writing research abstract.Which one of the following is not a part of the abstract

A) Discussion

B) Conclusion

C) Result

D) Method

E)introduction

107. A patient complains of toothache for past 7 days and now neck swelling and now of swelling of
submandibular and submaxillary areas. The diagnosis is

Vincent angina

Quinsy

Ludwig angina

Ranula

Mumps

108

109) A 50 year old pt presents to OPD with nasal obstruction, discharge. He had already done some
investigation which included positive cANCA. His most likely diagnosis is.

A) lupus pernio

B) sarcoidosis

C) wegner’s granulomatosis

D) eosinophilic granuloma

110.A 20 year old female presented to opd right ear ache for 2 days after having high pricking for
ear rings.on examination she has red swollen and tender pinna with sparing of ear lobule .the most
likely diagnosis is

A)acute otitis media

B)otitis external
C)perichondritis

D)mastiditis

E)furuncolosis

111 A 3 years old girl with fever fatigue and joint pain from 25 days. O/E fever 103F. No cause on
physical examination. What is most probable diagnosis?

A.fever of unknown source

B.fever of unknown origin

C.typhoid

D.Malaria

E.jevunile RA

112)A 60 years old female presented with sudden painful loss of vision in her right eye for last 5 days
she underwent cataract surgery 7 days back she is non.diabetic and non hypertension .on
examination vision is hand movements in right eye there is hypopion in right anterior chamber what
is best initial treatment step

A.pars plans vitrectomy

B.intravitreal antibiotics

C.systemic antibiotics

D.topical antibiotics

E.topical steroids

113 : A 24 yrs old lady present with dull pain and redness in her right eye ,on examination she has
diffuse congestion on nasal side deep to conjunctiva .Which drops you will instill to differentiate
between superficial ànd deep episcleritis

1: steroids

2: antibiotics

3: epiderine

4: NSAIDS

5: tropicamide

114. Which human source is best in term of input to brain from environment

Sight

Smell
 Touch

Taste

Hearing

115

116

117 A 30 year old man was admitted to hospital with complaints of low grade fever for last 3 weeks,
He was treated with antibiotics but his fever was not setting,, consultant found left side pleural
effusion, Most useful investigation??

a. Full blood count

b. Chest X ray

c. Blood culture

d. Pleural fluid analysis and culture

e. Erythrocytes sedimentation rate

118. A 30 year old postnatal woman has presented to labor room with complain of lower abdominal
pain and foul smelling discharge. On inquiry she is 3 days postnatal and had induction of rupture of
membranes at term. BP is 100/70. Pulse 116bpm. Temperature 102F. The most likely diagnosis. A.
Breast abscess B. Mastitis C. Endometriosis D. Wound infection E. Deep vein thrombosis

119) Sharp glass injury on forearm a week before now complaints of mild pain and itching over there.
What cells are found at this stage of inflammation.

a. Macrophages

b. Neutrophils

c. Fibriblasts

d. Platelets

e. Mast cells

120. 25 year old presented with fatigue, wheezing, night sweats and chronic cough for last 3 surgical
removal of lymph node from neck histopathology of... Tb

a. Neoplastic cells

b. Caseating granuloma

c. Hyperplasia

d. Metaplasia

e. Granuloma