Chapter Two Interior Lifting Design

Unified Glare Rating (UGR)

[ ∑ ]

Where:
Lb: background luminance (cd/m2),
L: luminance of the luminous parts of each luminaire in the direction of the
observer’s eye (cd/m2),
: solid angle of the luminous parts of each luminaire at the observer’s eye
(steradian),
p: position index for each individual luminaire which relates to its
displacement from the line of sight

2-4 Recommendation for Electrical Lighting:-

Type of interior, task Illuminance UGR Color Remarks
or activity (Lux) Guide %
1- General Building Areas
Entrance Halls 100 22 60
Lounges 200 22 80
Circulation areas and 100 28 40 At exits and
corridors entrances provide a
transition zone and
avoid sudden
change
Stairs, escalators, 150 25 40
travelators
Loading ramps/bays 150 25 40
Canteens 200 22 80
Rest rooms 100 22 80
Rooms for physical exercise 300 22 80
Cloakrooms, washrooms, 200 25 80
bathrooms, toilets
Sick bay 500 19 80
Rooms for medical 500 16 90 correlated color
attention temperature (Tcp)
at least 4000K
Plant rooms, switch-gear 200 25 60
rooms
Post room, switchboard 500 19 80

27 Lecturer:
Dr. Habeeb J. Nekad
Chapter Two Interior Lifting Design

Type of interior, task Illuminance UGR Color Remarks

or activity (Lux) Guide %
Store, stockrooms, cold 100 25 60 200 lux if
store continuously
occupied
Dispatch packing handling 300 25 60
areas
Control station 150 22 60 200 lux if
continuously
occupied
2- Agriculture Building
Loading and operating of 200 25 80
goods handling equipment
and machinery
Building for livestock 50 28 40
Sick animal pens, calving 200 25 80
stalls
Feed preparation, dairy, 200 25 80
utensil, washing
3- Bakeries
Preparation and baking 300 22 80
Finishing, glazing, 500 22 80
decorating
4- Cement, Concrete, & Bricks Industry
Drying 50 28 20 Safety colors shall
be recognizable
Preparation of materials, 200 28 40
work on kilns and mixers
General machine work 300 25 80
Rough forms 300 25 80
5- Ceramics and glass industry
Drying 50 28 20
Preparation, general 300 25 80
machine work
Enameling, rolling, 300 25 80
pressing, shaping simple
parts, glazing, glass
blowing
Grinding, engraving, glass 750 19 80
polishing, shaping precision
parts, manufacture of glass
instruments
Decorative work 500 19 80
Grinding of optical glass, 750 16 80
crystal hand grinding and
engraving, work on average
goods

28 Lecturer:
Dr. Habeeb J. Nekad
Chapter Two Interior Lifting Design

Type of interior, task Illuminance UGR Color Remarks

or activity (Lux) Guide %
Precision work e.g 1000 16 90 Tcp at least 4000K
decorative grinding, hand
painting
Manufacture of synthetic 1500 16 90 Tcp at least 4000K
precious stones
6- Chemicals, plastics and rubber industry
Remote operated processing 50 20 Safety colors shall
installations be recognizable
Processing installations 150 28 40
with limited manual
intervention
Constantly manned work 300 25 80
places in processing
installations
Precision measuring rooms, 500 19 80
laboratories
Pharmaceutical production 500 22 80
Tire production 500 22 80
Color inspection 1000 16 90 Tcp at least 6500K
Cutting, finishing, 750 19 80
inspection
7- Electrical industry
Cable and wire manufacture 300 25 80
Winding:
- large coils 300 25 80
- medium-sized coils 500 22 80
- small coils 750 19 80
Coil impregnating 300 25 80
Galvanizing 300 25 80
Assembly work:
- rough e.g. large 300 25 80
transformers
- medium e.g. switchboards 500 22 80
- fine e.g telephones 750 19 80
- precision e.g. measuring 1000 16 80
equipment
Electronic workshops, 1500 16 80
testing, adjusting
8- Food industry
Workplaces and zones in 200 25 80
breweries, malting floor, for
washing, barrel filling,
cleaning, sieving, peeling,
cooking in preserve and
chocolate factories, work
places and zones in sugar
factories, for drying and
29 Lecturer:
Dr. Habeeb J. Nekad
Chapter Two Interior Lifting Design

Type of interior, task Illuminance UGR Color Remarks

or activity (Lux) Guide %
fermenting raw tobacco,
fermentation cellar
Sorting and washing of 300 25 80
products, milling, mixing,
packing
Work places and zones in 500 25 80
slaughter houses, butchers,
dairies mills, on filtering
floor, in sugar refineries
Cutting and sorting of fruit 300 25 80
and vegetables
Manufacture of delicatessen 500 22 80
foods, kitchen
Manufacture work of cigars 500 22 80
and cigarettes
Inspection of glasses and 500 22 80
bottles, product control,
trimming, sorting
decoration
Laboratories 500 19 80
Color inspection 1000 16 90 Tcp at least 4000K
9- Foundries and metal casting plants
Man size under floor 50 28 20 Safety colors shall
tunnels, cellars etc. be recognizable.
Platforms 100 25 40
Sand preparation 200 25 80
Dressing room 200 25 80
Workplaces at cupola and 200 25 80
mixer
Casting bay 200 25 80
Shake out areas 200 25 80
Machine molding 200 25 80
Hand and core molding 300 25 80
Die casting 300 25 80
Model building 500 22 80
10- Hairdressers
Hairdressing 500 19 90
11- Jewelry manufacturing
Working with precious 1500 16 90 Tcp at least 4000K
stones
Manufacture of jewelry 1000 16 90
Watch making (manual) 1500 16 80
Watch making (automatic) 500 19 80
12- Laundries and dry cleaning
Goods in, marking and 300 25 80
sorting
Washing and dry cleaning 300 25 80
30 Lecturer:
Dr. Habeeb J. Nekad
Chapter Two Interior Lifting Design

Type of interior, task Illuminance UGR Color Remarks

or activity (Lux) Guide %
Ironing, pressing 300 25 80
Inspection and repairs 750 19 80
13- Leather industry
Work on vats, barrels, pits 200 25 40
Fleshing, skiving, rubbing, 300 25 80
tumbling of skins
Saddles work, shoe 500 22 80
manufacture stitching,
sewing, polishing, shaping,
cutting, punching
Sorting 500 22 90 Tcp at least 4000K
Leather dyeing (machine) 500 22 80
Quality control 1000 19 80
Color inspection 1000 16 90 Tcp at least 4000K
Shoe making 500 22 80
Glove making 500 22 80
14- Metal working and processing
Open die forging 200 25 60
Drop forging, welding, cold 300 25 60
forming
Rough and average 300 22 60
machining:
tolerances > 0.1 mm
Precision machining: 500 19 60
grinding:
tolerances < 0.1 mm
Scribing; inspection 750 19 60
Wire & pipe drawing 300 25 60
shapes
Plate machining >5mm 200 25 60
Sheet metalwork <5mm 300 22 60
Tool making; cutting 750 19 60
equipment manufacture
Assembly:
- rough 200 25 80
- medium 300 25 80
- fine 500 22 80
- precision 750 19 80
Galvanizing 300 25 80
Surface preparation and 750 25 80
painting
Tool, template and jig 1000 19 80
making, precision
mechanics, micro-
mechanics
15- Paper industry
Pulp mills, edge runners 200 25 80
31 Lecturer:
Dr. Habeeb J. Nekad
Chapter Two Interior Lifting Design

Type of interior, task Illuminance UGR Color Remarks

or activity (Lux) Guide %
Paper manufacture and 300 25 80
processing, paper and
corrugating machines,
cardboard manufacture
Standard book binding 500 22 60
work, e.g. folding, sorting,
gluing, cutting, embossing,
sewing
16- Power stations
Fuel supply plant 50 28 20 Safety colors shall
be recognizable.
Boiler house 100 28 40
Machine halls 200 25 80
Auxiliary rooms, e.g pump 200 25 60
rooms, condenser rooms,
switchboard, etc.
Control rooms 500 16 80 Control panels are
often vertical.
Dimming may be
required.
17- Printers
Cutting, gilding, embossing, 500 19 80
block engraving, work on
stones and platens, printing
machines, matrix making
Paper sorting and hand 500 19 80
printing
Type setting, retouching, 1000 19 80
lithography
Color inspection in multi- 1500 16 90 Tcp 5000 K
colored printing
Steel and copper engraving 2000 16 80
18- Iron and steel works
Production plants without 50 28 20 Safety colors shall
manual Intervention be recognizable.
Production plants with 150 28 40
occasional manual
operation
Production plants with 200 25 80
continuous manual
operation
Slab store 50 28 20 Safety colors shall
be recognizable.
Furnaces 200 25 20 Safety colors shall
be recognizable.
Mill train, coiler, shear line 300 25 40

32 Lecturer:
Dr. Habeeb J. Nekad
Chapter Two Interior Lifting Design

Type of interior, task Illuminance UGR Color Remarks

or activity (Lux) Guide %
Control platforms, control 300 22 80
panels
Test, measurement and 500 22 80
inspection
Under floor man sized 50 28 20 Safety colors shall
tunnels belt sections, cellars be recognizable.
etc.
19- Textile industry
Workplace and zones in 200 25 60
baths, bale opening
Carding, washing, ironing, 300 22 80
drawing, combing, sizing,
card cutting, pre- spinning,
jute and hemp spinning
Spinning, plying, reeling, 500 22 80 Prevent
winding warping, weaving, stroboscopic
braiding, knitting effects.
Sewing, fine knitting, 750 22 90
taking up stitches
Manual design, drawing 750 22 90 Tcp at least 4000K
patterns
Finishing, dyeing 500 22 80
Drying room 100 28 60
Automatic fabric printing 500 25 80
Burling, picking, trimming 1000 19 80
Color inspection, fabric 1000 16 90 Tcp at least 4000K
control
Invisible mending 1500 19 90 Tcp at least 4000K
Hat manufacturing 500 22 80
20- Vehicle construction
Body work and assembly 500 22 80
Painting, spraying chamber, 750 22 80
polishing chamber
Painting: touch-up, 1000 16 90 Tcp at least 4000K
inspection
Upholstery manufacture 1000 19 80
(manned)
Final inspection 1000 19 80
21- Wood working & furniture industry
Automatic processing e.g. 50 28 40
drying plywood
manufacturing
Steam pits 150 28 40
Saw frame 300 25 60 Prevent
stroboscopic
effects.

33 Lecturer:
Dr. Habeeb J. Nekad
Chapter Two Interior Lifting Design

Type of interior, task Illuminance UGR Color Remarks

or activity (Lux) Guide %
Work at joiner’s bench, 300 25 80
gluing, assembly
Polishing, painting, fancy 750 22 80
joinery
Work on wood working 500 19 80 Prevent
machines stroboscopic
e.g. turning, fluting, effects.
dressing, rebating,
grooving, cutting, sawing,
sinking
Selection of veneer woods, 750 22 90 Tcp at least 4000K
marquetry, inlay work
Quality control 1000 19 90 Tcp at least 4000K
22- Offices
Filing, copying, circulation, 300 19 80
etc.
Writing, typing, reading, 500 19 80
data processing
Technical drawing 750 16 80
CAD workstation 500 19 80
Conference and meeting 500 19 80 Lighting should be
rooms controllable.
Reception desk 300 22 80
Archives 200 25 80
23- Retailing
Sales area small 300 22 80
Sales area large 500 22 80
Till area 500 19 80
Wrapper table 500 19 80
24- Restaurants and hotels
Reception/cashier desk, 300 22 80
porters desk
Kitchen 500 22 80
Restaurant, dining room, 200 22 80 The lighting
function room should be designed
to create intimate
atmosphere.
Self-service restaurant 200 22 80
Buffet 300 22 80
Conference rooms 500 19 80 Lighting should be
controllable.
Corridors 100 25 80 During night time
lower levels are
acceptable.
25- Places of entertainment
Theatres & concert halls 200 22 80
Multi-purpose halls 300 22 80
34 Lecturer:
Dr. Habeeb J. Nekad
Chapter Two Interior Lifting Design

Type of interior, task Illuminance UGR Color Remarks

or activity (Lux) Guide %
Practice rooms, dressing 300 22 80 Glare free mirror
rooms lighting for make-
up required.
Museums (general) 300 19 80 Lighting to suit the
display
requirements,
protect against
radiation effects.
26- Libraries
Bookshelves 200 19 80
Reading area 500 19 80
Counters 500 19 80
27- Public car parks (indoor)
In/out ramps (during the 300 25 40 Safety colors shall
day) be recognizable.
In/out ramps (at night) 75 25 40 Safety colors shall
be recognizable.
Traffic lanes 75 25 40 Safety colors shall
be recognizable.
Parking areas 75 28 40 A high vertical
illuminance
increases
recognition of
people's faces and
therefore the
feeling of safety.
Ticket office 300 19 80 Avoid reflections
in the windows.
Prevent glare from
outside.
28- Educational buildings
Play school room 300 19 80
Nursery class 300 19 80
Nursery craft room 300 19 80
Classrooms, tutorial rooms 300 19 80 Lighting should be
controllable.
Classroom for evening 500 19 80
classes and adults education
Lecture hall 500 19 80 Lighting should be
controllable.
Black board 500 19 80 Prevent specular
reflections.
Demonstration table 500 19 80 In lecture halls 750
lux
Art and craft rooms 500 19 80
Art rooms in art schools 750 19 90 Tcp > 5000K
Technical drawing rooms 750 16 80

35 Lecturer:
Dr. Habeeb J. Nekad
Chapter Two Interior Lifting Design

Type of interior, task Illuminance UGR Color Remarks

or activity (Lux) Guide %
Practical rooms and 500 19 80
laboratories
Teaching workshop 500 19 80
Music practice rooms 300 19 80
Computer practice rooms 500 19 80
Language laboratory 300 19 80
Preparation rooms and 500 22 80
workshops
Student common rooms and 200 22 80
assembly halls
Teachers rooms 300 22 80
Sports halls, gymnasiums 300 22 80
and swimming pools
29- Health care premises
Waiting rooms 200 22 80 Illuminance at
floor level
Corridors: during the day 200 22 80 Illuminance at
floor level
Corridors: during the night 50 22 80 Illuminance at
floor level
Day rooms 200 22 80 Illuminance at
floor level
Staff office 500 19 80
Staff rooms 300 19 80
Wards
- General lighting 100 19 80 Illuminance at
floor level
- Reading lighting 300 19 80
- Simple examination 300 19 80
Examination and treatment 1000 19 90
Night lighting, observation 5 19 80
lighting
Bathrooms and toilets for 200 22 80
patients
Examination room general 500 19 90
Ear and eye examination 1000 90 Local examination
luminaire
Reading and color vision 500 16 90
test with vision charts
Scanners with image 50 19 80
enhancers and television
systems
Dialysis rooms 500 19 80
Dermatology rooms 500 19 90
Endoscopy rooms 300 19 80
Plaster rooms 500 19 80
Medical baths 300 19 80
36 Lecturer:
Dr. Habeeb J. Nekad
Chapter Two Interior Lifting Design

Type of interior, task Illuminance UGR Color Remarks

or activity (Lux) Guide %
Massage and radiotherapy 300 19 80
Pre-op and recovery rooms 500 19 90
Operating theatre 1000 19 90
Operating cavity Special E=10000 lux –
100000 lux
Intensive care
- General lighting 100 19 90 At floor level
- Simple examinations 300 19 90 At bed level
- Examination and 1000 19 90 At bed level
treatment
- Night watch 20 19 90
Dentists
- General lighting 500 19 90 Lighting should be
glare free for the
patient.
- At the patient 1000 90 Local examination
luminaire
- Operating cavity 5000 90 Values higher than
5000 lux may be
required.
- White teeth matching 5000 90 Tcp > 6000 K
color inspection 1000 19 90 Tcp > 5000 K
(laboratories)
Sterilization rooms 300 22 80
Disinfection rooms 300 22 80
Autopsy rooms and 500 19 90
mortuaries
Autopsy table and 5000 90 Values higher than
dissecting table 5000 lux may be
required.
30- Airports
Arrival and departure halls, 200 22 80
baggage claim areas
Connecting areas, 150 22 80
escalators, travelators
Information desks, check-in 500 19 80
desks
Customs and passport 500 19 80 Vertical
control desks illuminance is
important.
Waiting areas 200 22 80
Luggage store rooms 200 28 60
Security check areas 300 19 80
Air traffic control tower 500 16 80 Lighting should be
dimmable.Glare
from daylight
should be avoided.
37 Lecturer:
Dr. Habeeb J. Nekad
Chapter Two Interior Lifting Design

Type of interior, task Illuminance UGR Color Remarks

or activity (Lux) Guide %
Air traffic rooms 500 16 80 Lighting should be
dimmable.

Testing and repair hangars 500 22 80

Engine test areas 500 22 80
Measuring areas in hangars 500 22 80
Platforms and passenger 50 28 40
subways (underpasses)
Ticket hall and concourse 200 28 40
Ticket and luggage offices 300 19 80
and counters
Waiting rooms 200 22 80
31- Churches, mosques, synagogues and temples
Body of church 100 25 80
Chair, altar, pulpit 300 22 80

2-5 Design and Calculation Methods for Interior Lighting:-

2-5-1 Lighting Calculation Methods:-
The internal lighting in buildings is calculated according to one of the
following two systems:
 General lighting for all the place or horizontal
 General lighting in the place in addition to focused (spot) lighting on
the workplace
The first system is generally used if the required level of illumination is
appropriate, that is, not too high. As the lighting of the place at this level will
be prohibitively expensive, and in this case the second system is used where
the place is illuminated at a certain (specified) level and the workplaces are
illuminated with central lighting at a high level suitable for the work
performed in these places.
The level of illumination in either of the two systems is selected
according to the following table:

38 Lecturer:
Dr. Habeeb J. Nekad
Chapter Two Interior Lifting Design

Illumination General General Lighting & Focused

Level Lighting only Lighting (lux)
(lux) General Focused
Very poor 30 ----- -----
Poor 60 ----- -----
Medium 120 250 20
High 250 500 40
Very high 600 1000 80
Super high ----- 4000 300

2-5-2 Average Illuminance on Horizontal Plane:-

The practical illumination that is provided to a horizontal plane located
in an indoor place by means of rows of lighting structures installed above that
level depends on each of the following:
 Number of lamps
 Luminous flux of those lamps
 Lighting installations characteristics
 Dimensions of the place located in the horizontal plane
 The reflections from the surfaces of that place
 Maintenance Level
2-5-3 Factors affecting interior lighting design:
 The level of illumination required according to the type of use of the
place
 The lighting systems used according to the type of use of the place
 The nature of the site, the colors of the walls and ceilings, the area and
proportions of the surface to be illuminated, and the finishing materials
 Choosing the types of lamps and the level of installation of lighting
structures
 Distribution of lighting installations
 Glare levels
 Levels of color discrimination of objects inside the place

39 Lecturer:
Dr. Habeeb J. Nekad
Chapter Two Interior Lifting Design

2-5-4 Interior Lighting Design Steps:

a) Taking into account the nature of the use of the place, the following
shall be determined:
 Required level of illuminance
 lighting distribution systems
 Types of lamps and lighting fixtures
b) The room index (RI) is determined according to the dimensions of the
place and the level of suspension of lighting structures, as well as
according to the systems used in the distribution of lighting, based on
the tables of standard specifications.
c) The utilization factor (UF) for lighting installation is determined
according to the type of installation, the room index, and the light
reflection factor on the ceiling and walls, based on the standard
specification tables.
d) The maintenance factor (MF) for lighting installation is determined
according to the nature of the site. Its value ranges from 0.76 to 1 in the
case of regular periodic maintenance, while its value ranges from 0.66
to 0.75 In case of irregular maintenance.
e) The number of lighting fixtures (N) required is calculated from the
following equation:

2-6 Conditions and Criterions of Efficient Interior Lighting:-

 Power and time
 Energy saving devices
 Electrical energy goals for lighting
 Energy management

40 Lecturer:
Dr. Habeeb J. Nekad
Chapter Two Interior Lifting Design

 Selection of control equipment

 Connection to natural lighting
 Fixed Illumination (Standard)
 Works
 Automatic control
 Maintenance control
 Human factors
 costs and energy consumption
 Energy and demand
 Control methods
 Turn off
 Dimming / Regulation
 Dimming for light effects

41 Lecturer:
Dr. Habeeb J. Nekad