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1 Statistics

This document discusses statistics and sampling methods in data science. It defines statistics as tools for deriving insights from data through mathematical computations. A population is defined as all individuals relevant to a statistical question, while a sample is a smaller subset of a population. Probability sampling methods covered include simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, systematic sampling, and multi-stage sampling. Simple random sampling involves randomly selecting units from a population with equal probability, while stratified sampling divides a population into subgroups and randomly samples from each.

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Vishal Shivhare
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9 views24 pages

1 Statistics

This document discusses statistics and sampling methods in data science. It defines statistics as tools for deriving insights from data through mathematical computations. A population is defined as all individuals relevant to a statistical question, while a sample is a smaller subset of a population. Probability sampling methods covered include simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, systematic sampling, and multi-stage sampling. Simple random sampling involves randomly selecting units from a population with equal probability, while stratified sampling divides a population into subgroups and randomly samples from each.

Uploaded by

Vishal Shivhare
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Science

Sta*s*cs
Sta*s*cs
• Statistics is a collection of tools and methods that you can use to derive
meaningful insights from data by performing mathematical computations on it.
Sta*s*cs in Data Science
• “Data Scientist is a person who is better at statistics than any programmer and
better at programming than any statistician.”
Popula*on & Sample
Popula*on & Sample
• A set of all individuals relevant to a particular statistical question is called a
population.
• A smaller group selected from a population is called a sample.
Parameter & Sta*s*c
• Parameter is descriptive measure of population and statistic is descrptive
measure of sample.
Sampling
Sampling Methods
• Probability sampling or Random Sampling
• Non-probability sampling
Probability sampling
• Simple Random Sampling
• Stratified sampling
• Cluster Sampling
• Systematic sampling
• Multi stage Sampling
Simple Random Sampling
Simple Random Sampling
• Every unit of the population has an equal chance of being selected
Simple Random Sampling
• Sampling without replacement
• Sampling with replacement
Simple Random Sampling
• Sampling Error
Stra*fied Sampling
Stra*fied Sampling

Image Source - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratified_sampling


Stra*fied Sampling
• Subsets of the data sets or population are created based on a common factor,
and samples are randomly collected from each subgroup.
• Should be used when we want some members from every group
Examples - Stra*fied Sampling
• Music taste of students
• Average Salary
• Average package offered
Cluster Sampling
Cluster Sampling

Image Source - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_sampling


Cluster Sampling
• Single Stage Cluster Sampling
• Two Stage Cluster Sampling
Systema*c Sampling
Systema*c Sampling

Image Source - https://stepupanalytics.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/5-3-300x190.jpg


Probability sampling
• Simple Random Sampling
• Stratified sampling
• Cluster Sampling
• Systematic sampling
• Multi stage Sampling

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