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Chemistry
UNIT ONE: QUESTION AND ANSWER

1. Where the words of science come from?

The word science come from Latin word Sciatica that means Knowledge.

2. Explain branches of science?

Social science: Focuses primarily on the study of people, culture and societies
Formal science: concerned with formal system such as mathematics and logic.
Natural science: is the science of physical word. Sub branch

3. Explain sub branches of natural science?

a) Life science: which science of living organism. Sub branch

• Biology
• Ecology
b) Earth science which is the science of earth. Its atmosphere and space. sub branch.
• Geology
• Meteorology
• Astronomy
c) Physical science: which is the science that studies matter and energy and the. Physical

• Physics
• Chemistry
4. Explain what scientific consist of?

a) Making observation: the act of carefully and systematic examing of a scientific problem
b) Formulating hypothesis: making an educated guess based on a few know facts which
has not yet been proved.
c) Designing experiments: a procedure that test hypothesis by the process of collecting
information under controlled conditions.
d) Making conclusions.

5. Define theory?

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A well test hypothesis that explains natural phenomena

6. Define scientific law?

Scientific law is statement that summarizes experimental results.

7. Define chemistry?
Chemistry is a branch of physical science that studies the composition, structure, properties and
reaction of matter.

8. Describe matter?

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space (volume).

9. What is called chemist?

The person who studies chemistry is known as chemist.

10. Why we study chemistry?

Chemistry is studied to understand what the natural world is made up and it works.

11. Why chemistry is called central science?

Because it is crucial to all other science.

12. What are the main branches of chemistry?

a) Organic chemistry
b) Inorganic chemistry
c) Biochemistry
d) Physical chemistry
e) Analytical chemistry
13. Define
a) Organic chemistry; is the study of hydrocarbons (compound of carbon and hydrogen)
and their derivatives
b) Inorganic chemistry: is the study elements and their compounds excluding
hydrocarbons and their derivatives
c) Biochemistry: is the study of chemical processes that occur in living things.

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d) Physical chemistry: is the study of properties and changes of matter and their relation
to energy.
e) Analytical chemistry: is the study of qualitative identification and quantitative
determination of the composition of matter.

14. Define laboratory?

Laboratory is specifically designed rooms where chemicals are stored and experiments are conduct.

15. Describe apparatus?

Apparatus are various tools and equipment used by scientist working in the laboratory.

16. Define safety tools and give example?

Safety tools are materials that are used to keep the lab setting safe.
Example lab coat and eye wash station.

17. Define measuring tools and give example?

Measuring tools are materials used to measure different measurements.
Example thermometer and beaker.
18. Describe observing tools?
Observing tools are materials that allow you to have a look at substance and different materials.
Example: microscope and Petridis

19. Define heating tools and give example.

Heating tools are materials used in the process of heating.
Example: Bunsen burner and spirit lamp.

20. Define cutting tools and give example?

Cutting tools are materials that have sharp edge which can be penetrate or divide things.
Example: dissecting scissors and scalped
.
21. Define holding and grapping tools and give example?
Holding tools are materials that are used to keep things in the right position.
Grapping tools are materials used to transfer substance from one place to another.
Example: test tubes and test tube rock

22. Define filtering tools and give example?

Filtering tools are materials through which a fluid passes to separate out matter in suspensions.
Example: separating funnel and filter paper.

23. Define hazard signs?

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Hazard signs are recognizable symbols designed to worm about hazardous or dangerous materials.

24. Define hazardous material?

Hazardous material any substance that can cause risk to public safety or environment

25. Define chemistry laboratory?

Chemistry laboratory: a laboratory for research in chemistry.

26. Define laboratory equipment?

Laboratory equipment is various tools and equipment used by scientist working in the laboratory.

CHAPTER TWO: QUESTION AND ANSWER.

1. Define matter?
Matter is defined as anything that has mass and occupies space.

2. Define mass?
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object.

3. What is measured by mass?

Mass is usually measured in grams (g) or kilogram (kg).

4. What is different between mass and weight?

Mass is the amount of matter in an object, while
Weight is the measure of force acts upon that mass.

5. Define weight?
Weight is the measures of the amount of force acting on amass due to gravity.
6. What is measured by weight?
Weight is denoted by W and its measured in NEWTON (N).

7. Classify mass and weight?

Mass Weight
1. mass of an object can never be zero 1. Weight of an object can be zero.
2. SI unit of mass is kg 2. SI unit of weight is Newton (N)
3. Its value is same every where 3. weight of an object changes from place to place.

8. Define properties?
The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.

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9. Tell types of properties?

 Physical properties
 Chemical properties.

10. Define physical properties?

Physical property is a characteristic of matter that is not associated with a change in its chemical
composition.

11. What physical properties used for?

Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter.

12. List some examples of physical properties?

 Appearance
 Color
 Texture
 Adour
 Melting point
 Boiling point
 Density
 Solubility and many others.
13. What are the two kinds of physical properties?
a. Intensive properties
b. Extensive properties
14. What is an intensive property?

Intensive properties: these are physical properties which do not depend on the amount of substance
present

15. What is extensive property?

Extensive properties: these are physical properties that depend on the amount of substance present

16. Tell some examples of extensive properties?

 Mass
 Volume
 Length
 Heat capacity etc.

17. What is physical change?

Physical change is a change in state or properties of matter without changing its chemical composition.

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18. Tell examples of physical change?

Examples of physical change are melting, freezing or changing size or shape.

19. When physical change occurs?

A physical change occurs when the appearance of substance changes, but chemically the substance is
the same.

20. What is a chemical property?

Chemical properties are properties that related to the reactions of substances that change its identity
and new substance formed. Example; flammability, acidity and reactively.

21. When chemical properties can be observed?

Chemical properties can only be observed when chemical change occurs.

22. What is chemical change?

Chemical change is the change in which the identity and composition of the substance change and
produces new substances.

23. Tell examples of chemical change?

Examples of chemical change are

 Burning woods
 Souring milk
 Digesting food
 Cooking an egg
 Heating sugar to form caramel.
 Baking a cake and resting of iron.

24. Define states of matter?

Te physical state of the substance is called state of matter.

25. List states of matter?

 Solid state
 Liquid state
 Gaseous state
 Plasma state
 Einstein Bose Condensate (EBC).

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States Gas Liquid Solid

1. Assumes the shape and volume Assumes the shape of its Retains a fixed volume
of its container container and shape
2. Compressible Not easily compressible Not easily compressible
3 Lots of free space between Little free space between No free space between
Particles particles particles
4. Randomly move Flows easily Does not flow easily
 Fermonic Condensate.

26. Compare gas, liquid and solid?

27. Define solid state?

Solid state have a definite volume and shape, the intermolecular force of attraction in solid matter is
very strong.

28. Define liquid state?

Liquid state have a definite volume but not fixed shape, the intermolecular force of attraction in liquid is
weaker than solid

29. Define gaseous state?

Gaseous state have neither definite volume nor shape, the intermolecular force of attraction for
gaseous matter is negligible.

30. Define plasma state?

Plasma state is a state of matter that consists of super energetic and super exited particles in the form of
ionized gases

31. Define Einstein Bose Condensate (EBC)?

Einstein Bose Condensate (EBC) is a theoretical state of matter, the intermolecular force of attraction for
EBC is so strong that the molecules cannot move whatsoever.

32. Define Fermonic condensate?

Fermonic condensate is a super fluid phase formed by Fermonic particles at low temperature.

33. The volume of a gas can change but the volume of a solid cannot. Why?
Because solid particles are packed closely together the force between the particles are strong.

34. In which state (S) of matter are a toms when

a. Closest together
b. Farthest apart
c. Filling the container
d. Fixed in passion relative to one another.
e. Moving past one another
f. Taking on the shape of the container.

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35. Define change of state?

The conversion of matter from one physical change to another is called change of state.

36. Define melting?

Melting is the process of changing a solid into liquid.

37. Describe melting point?

The temperature at which this change from solid to liquid accurse is called the melting point

Substance Melting point (°C) Boling point (°C)

Water 0 100
Table salt 804 1413
Iron 1535 2750
Aluminum 660 1800
Oxygen -218 -183
Nitrogen -210 -196

38. Define freezing?

Freezing is the process in which a liquid changes to solid.

39. Describe freezing point?

The temperature at which a specific liquid becomes a solid is called the freezing point.

At the temperature below the freezing or melting point the substance is a solid.
At the temperatures above the freezing or melting point the substance is a liquid.

40. Define evaporation?

Evaporation is the process by which a liquid changes into gas.

41. Define condensation?

Condensation is the process by which a gas changes its state to become a liquid.

42. Define sublimation?

The process by which a solid changes directly to a gas is called sublimation.

43. Define deposition?

The process by which a gas changes directly to solid is called deposition.

44. What change of state of matter and what energy changes occur when water freezes?
The change state of matter occurs when water freezes is freezing.

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The energy changes occur when water freezes is energy out.

45. What happens if energy is added or removed from a glass of ice water?
If energy is added from glass of ice water will be happens evaporation.
If energy is removed from glass of ice water will be happens freezing

46. Explain how water can exist as both a solid and a liquid at 0 °C?
At 0°C, water can exist as both solid and liquid. NOTE: At 0 °C temperature, after getting the
heat equal to the latent heat of fusion, the solid form of water i.e., ice starts changing into its
liquid form i.e., water.

47.fill in the blank spaces

a. The temperature at which a substance changes from solid to a liquid is the melting point
at the substance.
b. The change of state of matter from a gas to a liquid is called condensation
c. The condensation point for a substance is the same as it temperature
d. For a substance to change from a gas to a liquid the particles must energy out
e. The change of sate of matter from solid to a gas is called sublimation
f. What two state of matter are found during “melting” solid and liquid
g. What two states of matter are found during evaporation? gas And liquid

Choose the letter of the best answer

1. Which of the following is an example of a physical property?

a) Color
b) Ability to rust
c) Flammability
d) Ability to combust
2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a compound?
a) Has different properties from the elements that formed it.
b) Pure substance made of two or more elements
c) Different samples with different properties
d) Can be presented by a chemical formula
3. Is an example of a homogenous mixture that is very evenly mixed?

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a) Sand
b) Chocolate chip cookies
c) Salad
d) Sugary water
4. The parts of a mixture
a) Cannot be separated
b) Can be separated
c) Have new properties after they are mixed
d) Form a chemical combination of two or more atoms.
5. Anything that has mass and take up space is an example of
a) Energy
b) Chemical change
c) Matter
d) Temperature
6. Which of the following is not true for atoms?
a) They are composed of molecules
b) They can combine with other atoms
c) They make up elements
d) They are extremely small.

7. A (n) of a pure substance can be observed without changing the substance.

a) Chemical property
b) Atom
c) Element
d) Physical property
8. A compound
a) Is the same as a mixture
b) Has the same properties as the elements it is made of
c) Has a different property from the elements it is made of.
9. If you describe methane as a gas that easily catches fire, you are describing a
a) Chemical formula
b) Chemical property
c) Physical property
d) State of matter
10. New substances are always formed when matter undergoes a .

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a) Change in shape
b) Physical change
c) Change in temperature
d) Chemical change.
11. Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
a) Melting butter
b) Mixing milk and chocolate syrup
c) Breaking a pencil
d) Burning a marsh wallow
12. Which of the following is an example of heterogeneous mixture?
a) Salt water
b) Brass
c) Tomato soup
13. Substances that cannot be broken down chemically into other substance are
a) Elements
b) Compounds
c) Mixtures
d) Solutions
Answer the following questions
1. What is the difference between mass and weight? Is the mass of an object on earth the same as in
Jupiter? Why or why not?
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object.
Weight is the measure of the amount of force acting on mass due to gravity.

• Yes, because mass of an object is constant in all circumstances.

2. Is it accurate to say that a substance with a mass of 1kg weight 2.2lb? Why or why not?
Yes, if the object was eight at the same location in space
3. What factor must be considered when reporting the weight of an object as opposed to its mass?
When reporting the weight of an object it is important to note where this measurement was taken.
4. Classify the following substance as homogeneous or homogeneous and explain your answer
a) A carbonated beverage= is homogeneous mixture
b) Muddy water = is heterogeneous mixture

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5. Classify each substance as a pure substance or a mixture and explain your answer?
a) Seawater = is a mixture
b) Coffee = is a mixture
c) Blood= is a mixture milk= is a mixture
d) Distilled water= is a pure substance.
6. Read the statement below and identify whether a chemical or physical change is?

a) Eating and digesting bread= is a chemical change

b) Crumbling piece of paper= is a physical change
c) Melting of ice= is a physical change
d) A solid is crushed into powder= is a physical change.

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