Sukkur IBA University

Department of Computer Systems Engineering

Applied Physics, Fall 2023

Lab-12: To perform Full Wave Rectification using NI Elvis

Kit and Multisim

Instructor: Engr. Asif Ali

Submission Profile

Name: Jai Kumar Submission date (10/12/2023):

Enrollment ID: 133-23-0027 Receiving authority name and signature:

Comments: __________________________________________________________________________

Instructor Signature

Note: Submit this lab hand-out in the next lab with attached solved activities and exercises.

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Lab Learning Objectives:
After completing this session, students will be able:

 To Understand the operation of Full wave rectification

 To Design center tape and bridge Full wave rectification circuit
 To Simulate the circuit on Multisim

Lab Hardware and Software Required:

1. NI ELVIS II
2. NI Elvis Instrument Launcher
3. Multisim
4. Resistors
5. Diodes (IN4001)
6. Voltage supply (AC)
7. Voltmeter
8. Oscilloscope

Background Theory:

Alternating current (AC) is generally used throughout the world for powering electrical
equipment. As its name implies, an alternating voltage is a voltage which is periodically
reversing its polarity and is continually changing its value from instant to instant, as shown in
Fig: 3.1(a). Direct current (DC) is commonly used for powering electronic equipment.
Reversely, a direct voltage is a voltage which is constant in its value
and polarity as shown in
Fig: 3.1(b)

Figure: 3.1(a) AC voltage waveform Figure: 3.1(b) DC voltage waveform

Since most of electronic equipment, such as radio and TV, are powered by the direct voltage,
it is necessary to convert an AC line voltage delivered from a power plant to a dc voltage.
The device or circuit which converts the ac voltage to a useful dc voltage is called a rectifier.
The functional diagram of a rectifier is shown in Fig: 3.2.

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 Figure: 3.2 Diagram of a rectifier

There are three types of rectifier circuit commonly used in electronic circuits. They are called
a half-wave, full-wave, and bridge rectifier. A half-wave rectifier circuit is the simplest
rectifier for which only half of ac voltage wave is present in the load circuit.

For many applications it is needed to have a rectifier which supplies current during both half-
cycles of the ac power voltage and, thus provides a more continuous current to the load. A
full- wave
rectifier
is shown
in Fig:
3.3. This
circuit
is essentially two half-wave rectifiers in parallel with inputs that have a phase difference of
180° and usually comes from a center-tapped transformer.

Figure: 3.3 Center tape Full wave rectifier circuit

A way to obtain full-wave rectification which does not require a center-tapped transformer is
shown in Fig: 3.4. This circuit is called the bridge rectifier. On the positive half-cycle, D4 and
D5 conduct. On the negative half-cycle, D6 and D7 conduct. In each case, the direction of
current flow through the load is the same.

Figure: 3.4 Full wave bridge rectifier

Operation:

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The ac voltage is applied across the secondary windings. During the positive half cycle of ac
input voltage point 5 is positive with respect to point 8. This makes the diode D1 forward
biased and hence it conducts the current as shown in the upper half cycle of fig.3.1.

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 3.5: Full Wave rectifier

During the negative half

cycle, point 5 is negative with
respect to point 8. Under this
condition, the diode D1 is
reverse biased and no current
conducts but diode D2 is
forward biased and conducts current. Therefore the current flows during full cycle. In this
way, the current flows through the load resistor R L always. Hence dc output is obtained
across the RL. The complete output waveform of full wave rectifier of three cycles will look
like as shown in figure 3.2.

Figure 3.6: Full wave rectifications up to three

cycles

BRIDGE RECTIFIER:

During the positive half cycle of A.C input voltage diodes D4 and D5 are forward biased and
conduct current .At this time a voltage is developed across Rl which looks like the positive
half of the input cycle. When input cycle is negative, the diodes D6 and D7 are forward
biased and conduct current in same direction through Rl as during positive half cycle. During
the negative half cycle diodes D4 and D5 are reverse biased. When we combine the output of
positive and negative half cycle, the resulting wave looks like as shown in fig. 3.6

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 Figure 3.6: Full wave bridge rectifications up to two cycles

OBSERVATION TABLE:

FULL WAVE CENTRED TAPED RECTIFIER

S.NO Vin(p-p) Vout(p-p) Vavg=2Vp/π Vrms=Vp/1.41 Ripple Factor

FULL WAVE BRIDGE RECTIFIER

S.NO Vin(p-p) Vout(p-p) Vavg=2Vp/π Vrms=Vp/1.41 Ripple Factor
1 5 160mV 0.1019 0.011347 0.7091875

2 8 220mV 0.1401 0.1560 0.709

3 10 242mV 0.1541 0.171 0.706

Lab Activities:

 Perform the full wave rectification by using center tape circuit on Multisim and NI-
Elvis Kit.

Lab Exercises:
 Implement the full wave rectification by using center tape circuit on Multisim and
attach simulation results with lab report.

Review Questions:
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1. How full wave rectifier works?
Full-wave rectification rectifies the negative component of the input voltage to a
positive voltage, then converts it into DC (pulse current) utilizing a diode bridge
configuration. In contrast, half-wave rectification removes just the negative voltage
component using a single diode before converting to DC.

2. Compare the two center tapped and bridge full wave rectifier circuits.
Center tapped rectifier uses only two diodes in its circuit. Bridge rectifier uses four
diodes in its circuit. The peak inverse voltage (PIV) of the diode in the center tapped
full wave rectifier is twice the transformer secondary terminal voltage.

3. What are the applications of full wave rectification?

Full Wave Bridge Rectifiers are mostly used for the low cost of diodes because of
being lightweight and highly efficient. The important uses of the full-wave bridge
rectifier are given below. Mobile phones, laptops, charger circuits. Uninterruptible
Power Supply (UPS) circuits to convert AC to DC.

4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each type of rectifier?

Switched-mode rectifiers can offer high efficiency, low power loss, low ripple and
harmonics, and variable output voltage and current. However, they also have some
disadvantages, such as high cost, high complexity, high noise, and high switching
losses.

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