Logarithms

Logarithms

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S. No. TOPICS
S. No. TOPICS
11. Probability
1. Logarithms
12. Binomial Theorem
2. Inequalities - Wavy Curve
13. Integration
3. Trigonometry
14. Sequence & Series
4. Functions: Domain & Range
15. Vectors

5. Modulus & Greatest Integer Functions 16. 3D Geometry

6. Complex Numbers 17. Graphs & Transformation

7. Differentiation 18. Straight Lines & Circles

8. Limits 19. Sets & Relations

9. Quadratic Equations 20. Conic Sections

10. Permutations & Combinations 21. Matrices and Determinants

 Logarithms
LOGARITHMS
● Real Life Application of Logarithms
● Logarithm Definition
● Exponents to Logarithms
● Types of Logarithms
● Logarithm Conditions
● Logarithms Properties
● Basic Properties
● Product rule
● Quotient rule
● Power rule
● Change of base rule
● Log expansion series
● Problems on Logarithm
 Logarithms
Why Study Logarithms?

Real Life Application of Logarithms

1. Log Table: Logarithms are used to read values from log table.

1. Finance: Logarithms are used to calculate compound interest and investment

growth rates.
2. Earthquakes: The Richter scale measures earthquake magnitudes using
logarithms.
3. pH Scale: Logarithms are employed to measure acidity and alkalinity on the
pH scale.
4. Sound and Music: Logarithmic scales are used to measure sound intensity
and musical pitch.(decibels)
5. Signal Processing: Logarithms aid in data compression and efficient storage
in signal processing applications.
 Logarithms
JEE(MAIN) PYQs Using LOGARITHMS
 Logarithms
LOGARITHMS DEFINITION

WHAT ARE LOGARITHMS ?

● A logarithm is the power to which a number must be
raised in order to get some other number.
For example,
● i.e., log 10100 = 2, because 102 = 100.
Logarithms

Find ‘x’, if 40 = 10x

x = log1040
 Logarithms
EXPONENTS to LOGARITHMS

In general,
CONDITIONS

if ax = N ⇔ ● N>0
logaN = x ● a>0
● a≠1

Base

Hence, logarithm of N to base ‘a’ is ‘x’

 Logarithms
EXPONENTS to LOGARITHMS

1) 103 = 1000 ⇔
2) 34 = 81 ⇔
3) 70 = 1 ⇔
4) 811/4 = 3 ⇔
 Logarithms
EXPONENTS to LOGARITHMS

1) 103 = 1000 ⇔ log101000 = 3

2) 34 = 81 ⇔ log381 = 4
3) 70 = 1 ⇔ log71 = 0
4) 811/4 = 3 ⇔ log813 = ¼
Logarithms

Q. Find k if log264=k
 Logarithms
Solution:

Given,
log264=k
⇒ 64 = 2k
⇒ 26 = 2 k
⇒k=6
Logarithms

Q. Find x if log5(x-7)=1
 Logarithms
Solution:
 Logarithms
TYPES OF LOGARITHMS

1. Common Logarithms:
Logarithms with base ‘10’. In all science
application the base is taken as ‘10’.

1. Natural Logarithms:
The logarithms with base ‘e’ (e = 2.718)
which is also an irrational number like ‘π’.
● logex = lnx
 Logarithms

LOGARITHM
PROPERTIES
Logarithms
Property 1

loga1 = 0 (a ≠ 1, a > 0)
Logarithms
Logarithms

Log51 + Log21 = ?
Logarithms

Log51 + Log21 = ?

Answer: 0
Logarithms
Property 2

logaa = 1 (a ≠ 1, a > 0)
Logarithms
Logarithms

Log5050 =?
Logarithms

Log5050 =?

Answer: 1
 Logarithms
Property 3
Product rule
loga x1 + loga x2 = loga(x1x2)
Logarithms
Logarithms

Log15 5 + Log15 3 =?
Logarithms

Log15 5 + Log15 3 =?

Answer: Log15 15 = 1
 Logarithms
Property 4
Quotient rule
logax1 – logax2 = loga(x1/x2)
Logarithms
Logarithms

Log7 35 – Log7 5 =?
Logarithms

Log7 35 – Log7 5 =?

Answer: Log77 = 1
 Logarithms
Power rule Property 5

loga(xn) = nlogax (x > 0, a > 0, a ≠ 1)

Logarithms
Logarithms

Log10 1005 =?
Logarithms

Log10 1005 =?

Answer: 10
Logarithms

Q. Find the value of

Logarithms
 Logarithms
Property 6
Change of base rule
Logarithms
Logarithms
Property 7
Logarithms
Logarithms

Q. Find the value of log0.011000.

Logarithms
Logarithms
Property 8

log x + log(1/x) = 0
Logarithms

Q.
 Logarithms
Solution:
Logarithms
Property 9

alog b = blog a
Logarithms
 Logarithms

PROBLEMS ON
LOGARITHMS
Logarithms

Q. Which of the following statements is not

correct?

A log10 10 = 1

B log(2+3)=log(2×3)

C log10 1 = 0

D log(1+2+3)=log 1+log 2+log 3

 Logarithms
Solution:
Logarithms

Q. Which of the following statements is not

correct?

A log10 10 = 1

B log(2+3)=log(2×3)

C log10 1 = 0

D log(1+2+3)=log 1+log 2+log 3

Logarithms

Q. If logx y=100 and log2 x=10, then the

value of y is:

A 210

B 2100

C 21000

D 210000
 Logarithms
Solution:
Logarithms

Q. If logx y=100 and log2 x=10, then the

value of y is:

A 210

B 2100

C 21000

D 210000
Logarithms

Q. If log5(log5(log2 x))=0, then the value of x is

A 32

B 125

C 625

D 125
 Logarithms
Solution:
Logarithms

Q. If log5(log5(log2 x))=0, then the value of x is

A 32

B 125

C 625

D 125
Logarithms

Q. If then

A a+b=1

B a-b=1

C a=b

D a2-b2=1
 Logarithms
Solution:
Logarithms

Q. If then

A a+b=1

B a-b=1

C a=b

D a2-b2=1
Logarithms

Q. If log42 + log44 + log 416 + log 4x=6, then x =

A 4

B 64

C 32

D 8
 Logarithms
Solution:
Logarithms

Q. If log4 2 + log4 4+ log 4 16+ log 4 x=6, then x=

A 4

B 64

C 32

D 8
Logarithms

Q. The value of is:

A 0

B 1

C 5

D 60
 Logarithms
Solution:
Logarithms

Q. The value of is:

A 0

B 1

C 5

D 60
Logarithms

Q. The value of is

A 1

B -1

C 2

D None of these
 Logarithms
Solution:
Logarithms

Q. If is

A 1

B -1

C 2

D None of these
Logarithms

Q. Solve for x if log(x-1) + log(x+1)=log21

 Logarithms
Solution:
Logarithms

Q. The equation loge x + loge (1+x)=0

can be written as

A x2+x-1=0

B x2+x+1=0

C x2+x-e=0

D x2+x+e=0
 Logarithms
Solution:
Logarithms

Q. The equation loge x+ loge (1+x)=0 can be

written as

A x2+x-1=0

B x2+x+1=0

C x2+x-e=0

D x2+x+e=0
Logarithms

Q.
Logarithms
 Logarithms
SUMMARY: LOGARITHMS

PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMS

Product rule loga(xy)=loga x+logb y

Quotient rule

Power rule
Change of base rule

Equality rule If loga x= loga y, then x=y

 Logarithms
SUMMARY: LOGARITHMS
Logarithms

Q. If log105+log10 (5x+1)= log10 (x+5)+1, then x

is equal to

A 1

B 3

C 5

D 10
 Logarithms
Solution:
Logarithms

Q. If log105+log10 (5x+1)= log10 (x+5)+1, then x

is equal to

A 1

B 3

C 5

D 10
Logarithms

Q. The number of real solutions of the

equation log(-x)=2 log(x+1), is

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 4
 Logarithms
Solution:
Logarithms

Q. The number of real solutions of the equation

log(-x)=2 log(x+1), is

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 4
S. No.
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TOPICS
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S. No. TOPICS
1. Logarithms 11. Probability

2. Inequalities - Wavy Curve 12. Binomial Theorem

3. Trigonometry 13. Integration

4. Functions: Domain & Range 14. Sequence & Series

15. Vectors
5. Modulus & Greatest Integer Functions
16. 3D Geometry
6. Complex Numbers

7. Differentiation 17. Graphs & Transformation

8. Limits 18. Straight Lines & Circles

9. Quadratic Equations 19. Sets & Relations

10. Permutations & Combinations 20. Conic Sections