CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH

EASY – BLACK QUESTIONS

1. The following are the types of descriptive research except
A. Ethnographic studies B. Case studies
C. Surveys D. Developmental study
2. This type of research seeks to quantify or reflect in numbers the observations on the characteristics of the
population being studied.
A. Qualitative Research B. Explanatory research
C. Quantitative research D. Exploratory research
3. This type of research describes a situation or a given state of affairs in terms of specified aspects or factors
–
A. Intervention research B. Extensive research
C. Correlation research D. Descriptive research
4. Who is a person that needs accurate information before selecting a course of action?
A. A manager B. A decision maker
C. An administrator D. Decision making
5. Which of the following is not part of the connection between research and the improvement of man’s
welfare?
A. Improved condition welfare B. New skills/practices/behavior
C. Better Outcome D. Research
6. What is a research that investigates relationships between factors or variables?
A. Intervention research B. Correlation research
C. Extensive research D. Explanatory research
7. What should be formulated in searching key words or phrases that is pertinent to the problem or question or
interest?
A. Indexes B. Search terms
C. References D. Glossary
8. It is the “blue print” of the study. It guides the collection, measurement and analysis of data –
A. Research outline B. Research framework
C. Research chart D. Research Design
9. One of the research methods approach to determine the growth and development of a group, organization
or institution.
A. Content Analysis B. Survey method
C. Experimental Method D. Historical Method
10. There are most common of them that are history, selection, testing, instruments, maturation, and morality –
A. Validity Threats B. Statistics
C. Reliability D. Variable
11. Which of the following steps that is not a part of Scientific Method –
A. Data collection B. Identification of a problem
C. Drawing of conclusion D. Information Dissemination
12. It maybe a question about the unknown characteristics of a population or about factors that explain the
presence or occurrence of a phenomenon.
A. Problem B. Analysis Problem
C. Research Problem D. Critical Problem
13. A variable that is “assumed caused” of a problem. It is an assumed reason for any “change” or variation in
a dependent variable –
A. Dependent Variable B. Independent Variable
C. Antecedent Variable D. Assumption Variable
14. In defining the research problem, what is the important thing for the researcher to present for the conduct
of the study?
A. Valid ID B. Certificate
C. Valid justification D. Present relevant data
15. This type of research attempts to explain possible factors related to problems which have been observed in
a descriptive study.
A. Explanatory research B. Intervention research
C. Descriptive research D. extensive Research
16. The most common types of sources of information for a research problem are, except:
A. General reference B. Primary sources
C. Secondary sources D. Glossary
17. A type of sources which shows where to locate other sources of information related to a certain topic.
A. Glossary B. General reference
C. Primary sources D. Secondary sources
18. One of the research methods that obtain data to determine specific characteristics of a group.
A. Content Analysis B. Survey method
C. Experimental Method D. Historical Method
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19. In listing a note or index card the bibliographical data of the pertinent sources selected it includes the
following, except:
A. Author of the source B. Its title
C. Released date D. Name of publication
20. This objectives relates directly to the research problem and states clearly what the researcher will do and
expects to find out –
A. Specific objective B. Special Objective
C. Important Objective D. Immediate/general objective
21. It examined the study that are identified in the specific objectives –
A. Special objective B. Specific Variables
C. Important Objective D. Immediate/general objective
22. What type of hypothesis might state that an independent variable is associated with a dependent variable?
A. Single Hypothesis B. Research Hypothesis
C. Hypothesis D. Unconstructive Hypothesis
23. What should the researcher used in searching for relevant primary and secondary sources guided by the
search terms?
A. Indexes B. Sources
C. References D. Glossary
24. It is usually used when the intention of the researcher is to ascertain the quality of message or information
found in a document or in mass media.
A. Content Analysis B. Survey method
C. Experimental Method D. Historical Method
25. Also called the research hypothesis, is the positive form of the form of the null hypothesis.
A. Alternative Hypothesis B. Null hypothesis
C. Research Hypothesis D. Hypothesis
26. It states whether the relationship between two variables is direct or inverse or positive or negative –
A. Alternative Hypothesis B. Directional Hypothesis
C. Hypothesis D. Non-directional Hypothesis
27. It is a theory that explains why a problem under study exists and explains the connection between certain
factors and the problem –
A. Conceptual Framework B. Research Framework
C. Special Framework D. Theoretical Framework
28. Whenever a pretest is given, it may make the examinees “test wise,” and this can therefore affect the
posttest results –
A. Selection B. History
C. Testing D. Maturation
29. Is a negative statement which indicates the absence of a relationship/ correlation between two variables–
A. Alternative Hypothesis B. Null hypothesis
C. Research Hypothesis D. Hypothesis
30. It is a concept that stands for a variation within a class of objectives or persons –
A. Concept B. Variables
C. Idea D. Theory
31. Variables can be classified as, except:
A. Dependent Variable B. Independent Variable
C. Antecedent Variable D. Assumption Variable
32. It is a factor or a characteristic which is found before (ante) the independent variable.
A. Dependent Variable B. Independent Variable
C. Antecedent Variable D. Intervening Variable
33. A kind of category which all the possible responses are included among the options of responses –
A. Exhaustive Categories B. Mutually Exclusive Categories
C. Exclusive Categories D. Mutual Categories
34. It is a set of concepts which explains the occurrence of a certain phenomenon –
A. Competing Theory B. Theory
C. Assumptions D. Dependent variables
35. It refers to the extent to which a measurement does what it is supposed to do, which is to measure what it
intends to measure –
A. Validity B. Validity Threats
C. Reliability D. Variable
36. People and things change over time and this change can threaten the validity of conclusions –
A. Selection B. Instrumentation
C. Testing D. Maturation
37. It is a written work of the page or near the front which displays its title –
A. Approval Sheet B. Abstract
C. Title Page D. Acknowledgment
 CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH
38. The act of officially saying that something was created for a particular purpose or to remember or honor a
particular person –
A. Dedication B. Abstract
C. Introduction D. Acknowledgment
39. A _____ does not specify the direction of the relationship between variables. It merely states the presence
or absence of a relationship between two variables or that one variable influences another –
A. Alternative Hypothesis B. Directional Hypothesis
C. Hypothesis D. Non-directional Hypothesis
40. Development of ________ is/are designed to improve the welfare of man.
A. Process B. Programs
C. Project D. Project/Programs
41. A ______ should be closely monitored to check progress and quality of implementation.
A. Project development B. Project proposal
C. Project implementation D. Project organization
42. A _____ are statements of what the researcher intends to do.
A. Alternative Hypothesis B. Research Objectives
C. Null hypothesis D. Research Hypothesis
43. A ______ which gives a person a feeling of discomfort. It could be a state of affairs that needs to be
changed or anything that is not working as expected.
A. Problem B. Analysis Problem
C. Research Problem D. Critical Problem
44. There are three general categories of research, the descriptive research, experimental intervention
research, and _____.
A. Intervention research B. Extensive research
C. Correlation research D. Explanatory research
45. A category that do not overlap. It is ______ when a respondent cannot be assigned to more than one
category.
A. Exhaustive Categories B. Mutually Exclusive Categories
C. Exclusive Categories D. Mutual Categories
46. _____ may also used to explain the possible confounding influence of other variables on the assumed
relationship between the major variables of the study –
A. Competing Theory B. Theory
C. Assumptions D. Dependent variables
47. This suggests the type of analysis to be done.
A. Special objective B. Specific Objective
C. Important Objective D. Immediate/general objective
48. This explains the existence of a problem. It serves as basis for examining and analyzing the connection
between or among the study variables.
A. Research outline B. Research framework
C. Research chart D. Statistics
49. These are expressed in measurable terms.
A. Special objective B. Specific Objective
C. Variables D. Immediate/general objective
50. This enables the researcher to learn how to conceptualize a research problem and properly identify and
operationally define study variables –
A. Literature B. Methodology
C. Related study D. Hypothesis

MODERATE - BLUE QUESTIONS

1. Focuses on the identity of the human subject, multiculturalism, feminism, and human relationships to deal
with the concepts of "difference" and "otherness" without essentialism or reductionism, but its contributions are
not always appreciated.
A. Post Modernist School B. Modernist School
C. Post Mortem School D. Classical School
2. In studies that take a long time to finish, say, one year or more, like cohort studies, where the subjects (the
same people) are followed up overtime, some cases may drop out, thus resulting in a loss of cases
A. Selection B. Instrumentation
C. Mortality D. Maturation
3. When several options are available, ______ is about the options that can help the decision-maker in
selecting the best or the better alternative that will yield a better outcome.
A. Making B. Processing
C. Data D. Developing
4. This type of research aims to see an immediate solution to a problem; it focuses on variables or factors
which can be changed by intervention in order to achieve a desired goal
A. Applied Research B. Explanatory research
 CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH
C. Keen research D. Intervention/Experimental research
5. An Interactionist theory of deviance. This theory centers on how individuals learn how to become criminals,
but does not concern itself with why they become criminals.
A. Theoretical Framework B. Differential Association Theory
C. Beccaria School of Thought D. Differential Identification Theory
6. A research that is to understand or explain a prevailing situation or explain a relationship between factors
which may have already been identified in explanatory studies, and why the relationship exists.
A. Exploratory Research B. Pure basic research
C. Explanatory research D. keen research
7. Sometimes there are events in the life of a research project, but which are not part of the project, that can
increase or decrease the expected project outcomes –
A. Selection B. History
C. Testing D. Maturation
8. It is used to determine the effectiveness of a treatment or an intervention or the “cause and effect”
relationship of certain phenomena under controlled condition.
A. Content Analysis B. Survey method
C. Experimental Method D. Historical Method
9. What is the ethical principle that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to
overall utility? This is also a form of consequentialism…
A. Utilitarian B. Ethics
C. Ethical Standard D. Utilitarianism
10. It involves a systematic way of gaining knowledge or the process of testing ideas (hunches, guesses, or
hypotheses) to se if an idea holds true in a given situation or under controlled conditions.
A. Historical method B. Survey method
C. Experimental Method D. Research Scientific Method
11. A type of sources which results of many research studies that are published in journals or monographs.
These articles or reports are generally written by those who actually conducted the study –
A. Glossary B. General reference
C. Primary sources D. Secondary sources
12. This refers to publications where authors cite the work of others. The most common secondary sources are
books, reviews, yearbooks and encyclopedias –
A. Secondary sources B. Glossary
C. General reference D. Primary sources
13. A variable that is “assumed effect” of another variable. It is the change that occurs in the study population
when one or more factors are changed or when an intervention is introduced –
A. Dependent Variable B. Independent Variable
C. Antecedent Variable D. Assumption Variable
14. It is one of the parts of literature reviews that briefly reports what experts think or what other researchers
have found about the research problem –
A. Summary/synthesis B. Introduction
C. Body D. Conclusion
15. It is one of the parts of literature reviews that “ties together” the major findings of the studies reviewed. It
represents a general picture of what has been known or thought of about the problem to date.
A. Summary/synthesis B. Introduction
C. Body D. Conclusion
16. It is one of the parts of literature reviews that describes briefly the nature of the research problem and
explains what led the researcher to investigate the question –
A. Summary/synthesis B. Introduction
C. Body D. Conclusion
17. This part presents the course of action suggested by the literature. Based on the state of knowledge
revealed by the literature, the researcher could further justify the need for his/study –
A. Summary/synthesis B. Introduction
C. Body D. Conclusion
18. It is a factor that works between the independent and dependent variables. It can weaken (decrease) or
strengthen (increase) the affect of the independent on the dependent variables –
A. Dependent Variable B. Independent Variable
C. Antecedent Variable D. Intervening Variable
19. Researchers make educated guesses to tentatively answer the research questions, from these they select
the more logical and theoretically sound guesses –
A. Alternative Hypothesis B. Research Hypothesis
C. Hypothesis D. Unconstructive Hypothesis
20. It refers to the consistency, stability and dependability of the data. A reliable measuring device is one
which, if used for the second time, will yield the same results as it did the first time –
A. Validity B. Statistics
C. Reliability D. Variable
 CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH
21. When a research instrument, such as a questionnaire or a measuring device, like a weighing scale or a
thermometer is changed during the study period between the pretest and the posttest –
A. Selection B. Instrumentation
C. Testing D. Maturation
22. This is the document that shows your panel has approved the content of your thesis or dissertation, and a
copy of it will remain in your official records –
A. Approval Sheet B. Abstract
C. Title Page D. Acknowledgment
23. It is a brief summary of a research article, thesis or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often
used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose –
A. Dedication B. Abstract
C. Introduction D. Acknowledgment
24. An author's statement recognized his use of the works of other authors or a declaration or avowal of one's
act or of a fact to give it legal validity –
A. Dedication B. Abstract
C. Introduction D. Acknowledgment
25. The following are the steps in making research except:
A Rigid Control of the research
B Statistical Analysis
C. The selection of the research topic
D. The decision on a hypothesis
E. The decision on how the variables can be used for data
26. When are we going to define a problem?
A. When the solution is already done
B. When the problem is partially solved
C. When the problem is already identified
D. When the solution is already discovered
27. In doing a research, what is the first thing a researcher does for the problem to be studied?
A. Enumerating first the problem
B. Determining the caused of the problem
C. Research the problem
D. Identify and clearly define the problem
28. A research problem can only be investigated if resources like time, money, and personnel are available.
A. A research problem must be feasible
B. A research problem must be clear
C. research problem must be ethical
D. A research problem must be appropriate
29. Major variables of the study should be measurable and should be specified in the problem statement. The
used of ambiguous terms must be avoided –
A. A research problem must be feasible
B. A research problem must be clear
C. research problem must be ethical
D. A research problem must be appropriate
30. When to start reviewing related literature?
A. When research problem is still being conceptualized
B. When research problem is still on data analysis
C. When research problem is being defined
D. When research problem is partially over
31. What is the first thing to remember in defining a research problem?
A. Examine current available data/statistics
B. Seeks educated opinions from persons concerned with the problem
C. Determine the probable reasons for the existence of the problem
D. Review relevant literature and previous studies on the problem
32. The conduct of the study should not pose any danger, embarrassment, hurt or any risk to the research
respondents or subjects or any one –
A. A research problem must be feasible
B. A research problem must be clear
C. A research problem must be ethical
D. A research problem must be appropriate
33. These are the list which is under the table of contents, except –
A. Title Page, Approval Sheet, Abstract Acknowledgment, Dedication, Table of Contents, List of
Figure, List of Tables
B. Title Page, Introduction, Abstract Acknowledgment, Dedication, Table of Contents, List of
Figure, Statement of the Problem
 CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH
C. Introduction, Title Page, Statement of the Problem, Dedication, Table of Contents, List of Figure, List
of Tables
D. Abstract Acknowledgment, Introduction, Approval Sheet, Dedication, Table of Contents, List of
Figure, List of Tables
34. What is the specific title of Chapter 1 in a thesis book?
A. Review of Related Literature
B. Methods and Procedure of Data
C. Presentation and Analysis of Data
D. The Introduction and Its Setting
35. What is the specific title of Chapter 2 in a thesis book?
A. Review of Related Literature
B. Procedures and Source of Data
C. Presentation and Analysis of Data
D. The Introduction and Its Setting
36. What is the specific title of Chapter 3 in a thesis book?
A. Review of Related Literature
B. Methods, Procedures and Source of Data
C. Methods and Source of Data
D. The Introduction and Its Setting
37. What is the specific title of Chapter 4 in a thesis book?
A. Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
B. Methods and Procedure of Data
C. Presentation and Analysis of Data
D. The Introduction and Its Setting
38. It means to investigate thoroughly, basically a systematic collection of data for the purpose of explaining,
describing or making predictions
A. Criminological Research B. Research
C. Basic Research D. Re-search
39. What is a way of looking at natural phenomena that encompasses a set of philosophical assumptions and
guide one’s approach to inquiry?
A. Paradigm B. Examples
C. Objective D. Model
40. Which among the following is not the step in the scientific method?
A. Determining B. Forming a hypothesis
C. Doing the library research D. Systematic Organization

DIFFICULT – RED QUESTIONS

1. What type of research which is conducted because a problem has not been properly defined? It is likewise
used to determine the best research design, data collection method and collection of subject and often
concludes that a perceived problems does not actually exist?
A. Exposition Research B. Qualitative Research
C. Quantitative Research D. Exploratory Research
2. It is a process of collecting selecting, and reading books, journal articles, reports, abstracts, and other
reference materials, including electronic sources (CD-ROM) and the World Wide Web (www/http) to get
relevant information about the problem under investigation –
A. Research Problem B. Collecting resources
C. Investigation D. Review of related literature
3. Some researchers cannot answer their research questions because they do not have clear measures of
their variables. A variable must be _____ according to how it is used in the study, so that it can be properly
measured –
A. Learned correctly B. Operationally defined
C. Precisely Observed D. Analyze
4. In an experimental study, a threat to validity occurs when the elements or subjects selected for the
experimental group is very different from those selected for the control group –
A. Selection B. History
C. Testing D. Maturation
5. A research that refers to single and multiple case studies, it may include quantitative evidence, relies on
multiple sources of evidence and benefits from the prior development of theoretical proposition?
A. Hypothesis B Case Study
C. Experimental Research D. Non- Experimental Research
6. The problem must be____ and ____. It must be of interest to the one investigating it. It should yield answers
that will contribute to knowledge and development –
A. Timely and relevant B. Appropriate and exact
 CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH
C. Clear and feasible D. Proper and precise
7. A research that is designed to describe an existing problem situation and examine the underlying factors
that contribute to the emergence of the problem, the nature of which is not yet well known.
A. Exploratory Research B. Pure basic research
C. Explanatory research D. keen research
8. What type of research that evaluates the effect or outcome of a particular intervention or treatment and its
studies the “cause and effect” relationship between certain phenomenon under controlled conditions?
A. Applied Research B. Explanatory research
C. Keen research D. Intervention/Experimental research
9. This type of research attempts to describe an existing situation and/or explanatory certain patterns of
behavior using either both qualitative and quantitative research techniques.
A. Pure basic Research B. Explanatory research
C. Qualitative research D. keen research
10. This type of research emphasizes verbal descriptions of human behavior and practices in an attempt to
understand how the units or members of the study population experience or explain their own world.
A. Qualitative Research B. Explanatory research
C. Quantitative research D. Exploratory research