Example: Response Spectrum Analysis of a Three Storey Structure

Building size = 15 30 ft² = 450 ft²

Seismic Zone = 4
No. of Stories (r ) = 3
Ground storey height = 12.50 ft Beam Beam
Storey height (h ) = 10.50 ft Column Column
Live Load (Floor) = 83.5 psf
Live Load (Roof) = 31.5 psf Beam Beam
Roof finish = 42 psf Beam
Floor finish = 21 psf
Column Column
No. of Colmns/floor = 6 Beam Beam
No. of beams/floor = 7
Column (G floor) = 10 18 in² Direction of Seismic Force
Column (1st floor) = 10 14 in²
Column (2nd floor) = 10 10 in²
m3
Beams = 10 14 in²
Infill wall = 10 in k3
m2
Slab th. = 6 in
papet wall height = 6.5 ft
Soil condition = medium stiff
m1 k2
Materials:
fc' = 4 ksi k1
fy = 60 ksi
Unit wt. (concrete) = 150 pcf
Unit wt. (masonry) = 125 pcf

1st floor 2nd floor Roof

Beam wt. / floor = 15.3 15.3 15.3 kip
Slab wt. / floor = 33.8 33.8 33.8 kip
Columns wt. / floor = 14.1 9.2 6.6 kip
Imp. DL /floor = 9.5 9.5 18.9 kip
LL / floor = 37.6 37.6 14.2 kip
Wall wt. /floor = 136.7 114.8 60.9
Total / floor = 247 220.2 149.7 kip

Let m = 4.649 kips/g, & k= 1291 kip/ft

m1 = 247 kip m1 = 1.65 m

m2 = 220.2 kip m2 = 1.47 m
m3 = 149.7 kip m3 = 1 m
 1m
G floor 1st floor 2nd floor
4
Col. I = 0.234 0.110 0.040 ft 1k
Col. E = 519120 519120 519120 ksf 1.47 m

k1 = 4478 kip/ft k1 = 3.47 k 2.75 k

k2 = 3552 kip/ft k2 = 2.75 k 1.65 m
k3 = 1291 kip/ft k3 = 1 k 3.47 k

Mass_matrix = m 1.65 0 0
0 1.47 0
0 0 1

Stiffness_matrix = k 6.22 -2.75 0

-2.75 3.75 -1
0 -1 1

k 6.22 -2.75 0 - m ω² 1.65 0 0 = 0

-2.75 3.75 -1 0 1.47 0
0 -1 1 0 0 1

6.22 -2.75 0 - m ωn² 1.65 0 0 = 0

-2.75 3.75 -1 k 0 1.47 0
0 -1 1 0 0 1

Let λn = m ωn² / k , ωn = √(λn k/m)

Using Goal Seek function find value of λn

Value of λn = 0.4282 λ1 = 0.4282 , ω1 = 10.9049 rad/sec , T1 = 0.58 sec

det.|[k]-λ[m]| = -0.0003 λ2 = 1.8064 , ω2 = 22.3973 rad/sec , T2 = 0.28 sec
λ3 = 5.0861 , ω3 = 37.5815 rad/sec , T3 = 0.17 sec

Mode shape coeffecients φjn:

(φjn) = mode shape coeffecient at floor 'j' and mode 'n'

For mode n, the shape vector and corresponding value of λn are:

φ11
φjn = φ21 and λn = λ1 , λ 2 , λ 3
φ31
The charestic Equation is given as:

6.22-1.65 λn -2.75 0 φ1n 0

-2.75 3.75-1.47 λn -1 φ2n = 0
0 -1 1- λn φ3n 0

Let φ31 = 1, by solving the above matrix we get:

for λ1 = 0.428 , 5.513 -2.75 0 φ11 0 φ31 = 1

-2.75 3.121 -1 φ21 = 0 φ21 = 0.572
0 -1 0.572 φ31 0 φ11 = 0.285
Similarly:
for λ2 = 1.806 , 3.239 -2.75 0 φ12 0 φ32 = 1
-2.75 1.095 -1 φ22 = 0 φ22 = -0.806
0 -1 -0.806 φ32 0 φ12 = -0.684
and
for λ3 = 5.086 , -2.172 -2.75 0 φ13 0 φ33 = 1
-2.75 -3.727 -1 φ23 = 0 φ23 = -4.086
0 -1 -4.086 φ33 0 φ13 = 5.173

Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3

40.00 40.00 40.00

35.00 35.00 35.00

30.00 30.00 30.00

25.00 25.00 25.00

20.00 20.00 20.00

15.00 15.00 15.00

10.00 10.00 10.00

5.00 5.00 5.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

𝑟 2
𝑗 =1 𝑊𝑗 ∅𝑗𝑛
Modal mass: 𝑀𝑛 = 2
See Chopra, Eq: 8.3.14, Eq: 8.4.12a, and Eq: 8.4.15
𝑟
𝑔 𝑗 =1 𝑊𝑗 ∅𝑗𝑛

j= storey level W j = weight at j th storey level

n = mode g = gravitational acceleration
r = No of floors
 𝑀𝑛 = 𝑟 2
𝑔 𝑗 =1 𝑊𝑗 ∅𝑗𝑛

Mode 1
Weight Wj
φj1 Wj φj1 Wj (φj1 )2
storey level (kip)
1st floor 247 0.285 70.40 20.06 M1 = 15.38 kip-sec2/ft
2nd floor 220.2 0.572 125.95 72.05
Roof 149.7 1 149.70 149.70
Total 616.9 346.05 241.81

Mode 2
Weight Wj
φj2 Wj φj2 Wj (φj2 )2
storey level (kip)
1st floor 247 -0.684 -168.95 115.56 M2 = 2.94 kip-sec2/ft
2nd floor 220.2 -0.806 -177.48 143.05
Roof 149.7 1 149.70 149.70
Total 616.9 -196.73 408.31

Mode 3
Weight Wj
φj3 Wj φj3 Wj (φj3 )2
storey level (kip)
1st floor 247 5.173 1277.73 6609.70 M3 = 0.83 kip-sec2/ft
2nd floor 220.2 -4.086 -899.74 3676.33
Roof 149.7 1 149.70 149.70
Total 616.9 527.69 10435.73

Contribution of different modes M= 19.16 kip-sec2/ft

Mode 1 M1 / M= 80%
Mode 2 M2 / M= 15%
Mode 3 M3 / M= 4%
100%

Contribution of first three modes is 100% > 90% therefore O.K. [UBC 97: 1631.5.2]

Modal Participation Factors:

See Chopra, Eq: 8.3.14 and Eq: 8.4.12a

= 1.4311
= -0.4818
= 0.0506
 BCP Reference
Z = 0.4 Zone 4, Table 5.9
ζ = 0.05 Assumed (typical RC Building)
Ca = 0.44 Table 5.16
Cv = 0.64 Table 5.17
R= 5.5 Table 5.13 or 5.15
Soil type = SD Table 4.1
Nv = 1 Table 5.19
Na = 1 Table 5.18

Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3

T1 = 0.58 T2 = 0.28 T3 = 0.17
Ca = 0.44 Ca = 0.44 Ca = 0.44
Cv = 0.64 Cv = 0.64 Cv = 0.64
Ts = 0.58 Ts = 0.58 Ts = 0.58
To = 0.12 To = 0.12 To = 0.12
Sa (g) = 1.1 Sa (g) = 1.1 Sa (g) = 1.1

Peak lateral force at floor j in mode k is given by:

Vjn = Г𝑛 × ∅𝑗𝑛 × 𝑊𝑗 × 𝐴𝑛 See Chopra, Eq: 8.4.15

I= 1 Sa1 = 1.1 g , A1 = 0.20 g/g

R = 5.5 Sa2 = 1.1 g , A2 = 0.20 g/g
g = 32.2 ft/s² Sa3 = 1.1 g , A3 = 0.20 g/g
 Storey shears at different floor levels:
Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3
V11 = 20.15 kip V12 = 16.28 kip V13 = 12.92 kip
V21 = 36.05 kip V22 = 17.10 kip V23 = -9.10 kip
V31 = 42.85 kip V32 = -14.43 kip V33 = 1.51 kip

Base shear for different modes

Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3
V1 = 99.05 kip V2 = 18.96 kip V3 = 5.34 kip

Representation of force distribution on each floor

42.8 kip -14.4 kip 1.5 kip

36.1 kip 17.2 kip -9.1 kip

20.1 kip 16.3 kip 12.9 kip

99 kip 19 kip 5.3 kip