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Digitalstopwatch

The document describes a student project to build a digital stopwatch circuit using common electronic components like 555 timer ICs, 4026 decade counters, 7-segment displays, resistors, capacitors, and buttons. The circuit uses a 555 timer configured as an astable multivibrator to generate clock pulses that are fed to 4026 decade counters driving 7-segment displays to count up to 99 seconds. The stopwatch functionality is provided through buttons to start, stop, and reset the count. The project aims to provide hands-on experience with basic timer and counter circuits.

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Muhammad Suleman
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23 views10 pages

Digitalstopwatch

The document describes a student project to build a digital stopwatch circuit using common electronic components like 555 timer ICs, 4026 decade counters, 7-segment displays, resistors, capacitors, and buttons. The circuit uses a 555 timer configured as an astable multivibrator to generate clock pulses that are fed to 4026 decade counters driving 7-segment displays to count up to 99 seconds. The stopwatch functionality is provided through buttons to start, stop, and reset the count. The project aims to provide hands-on experience with basic timer and counter circuits.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Suleman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Stopwatch. Timer

Experiment Findings · February 2021

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Sukkur Institute of Business Administration
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Sukkur Institute of Business Administration University
Department of Electrical Engineering

ELE-211: LINEAR CIRCUIT ANALYSIS (LCA)


Semester Project
Fall - 2019

Project Name
DIGITAL STOPWATCH

Group Members:
1. IRFAN ALI
2. MUHAMMAD SHOAIB

Instructor: Engr. VEER BHAN

Date: _______________ Instructor’s Signature


CertificaTe

It is certified that Mr. MUHAMMAD SHOAIB having

CMS ID 033-18-0057 a student of BE-III has carried out the


“Semester

Project” for the subject of Linear Circuit Analysis

(LCA) as provided by the Instructor of the subject at the department

of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur Institute of Business

Administration for Fall-2019.

Date: _______________ Instructor’s Signature


Certificate

It is certified that Mr. IRFAN ALI having CMS ID

033-18-0021 a student of BE-III has carried out the


“Semester

Project” for the subject of Linear Circuit Analysis

(LCA) as provided by the Instructor of the subject at the department

of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur Institute of Business

Administration for Fall-2019.

Date: _______________ Instructor’s Signature


Components

We used following components:

 Breadboard x2
 555 timer IC x1
 4026 ICs x2
 Seven Segment Displays x2
 5 V regulator x1
 Resistors (1k and 10k)
 Capacitor(10uf)
 50k Potentiometer (variable resistor) x1
 SPDT single pole double through
 9 V battery
 Stop button/two-way switch
 Reset button
 Wires

Working of the project


This specific stop watch is designed in such a way that it
counts up to 99 seconds. Here we are using two 7 segment displays, two ICs
4026, a Seven Segment Display Decade counter and an IC 555 to feed the
required pulse to the decade IC’s.

The working of the stop watch starts with the 555 timer
where it is wired as an A stable Multivibrator. We are using A-stable mode this
means there will be no stable level at the output. So the output will be
swinging between high and low. The time of pulse is set by setting the values
of R1, R2 and capacitance. This character of unstable output is used as a clock
or square wave output for the 4026 IC. At first, right side seven segment starts
counting from 0 to 9, and then carry is shifted to another seven segment
display, in this way it works as stop watch or counter from 0 to 99.
multisim circuit

formulae

Parameter Formulae Unit


Time High (T1) 0.693 × (R1+R2) × C1 Seconds
Time Low (T2) 0.693 × R2 × C1 Seconds
Time Period (T) 0.693 × (R1+2×R2) × Seconds
C1
Frequency (F) 1.44 / (R1+2×R2) × C1 Hertz (Hz)
Duty Cycle (T1/T)×100 Percentage (%)
Hardware:
555 timer IC:
555 timer is commonly used IC for generating timing
pulses, and is an eight pin timer IC. It is a highly stable integrated circuit which
can produce accurate time delays and oscillations.

Figure 1 555 timer IC configuration

Pin Diagram and Description:

Pin Name Purpose


1 GND Ground reference voltage, low level (0 V)
2 TRIG The OUT pin goes high and a timing interval starts
when this input falls below 1/2 of CTRL voltage
(which is typically 1/3 Vcc, CTRL being 2/3 Vcc by
default if CTRL is left open). In other words, OUT is
high as long as the trigger low. Output of the
timer totally depends upon the amplitude of the
external trigger voltage applied to this pin.
3 Output This output is driven to approximately 1.7 V below
+Vcc, or to GND.
4 RESET A timing interval may be reset by driving this input
to GND, but the timing does not begin again until
RESET rises above approximately 0.7 volts.
Overrides TRIG which overrides threshold.
5 CTRL Provides “control” access to the internal voltage
divider (by default, 2/3 Vcc).
6 THR The timing (OUT high) interval ends when the
voltage at threshold is greater than that at CTRL
(2/3 Vcc if CTRL is open).
7 DIS Open collector output which may discharge a
capacitor between intervals. In phase with output.
8 Vcc Positive supply voltage, which is usually between 3
and 15 V depending on the variation.

4026 IC:
The 4026 is a decade counter integrated circuit (IC) with decoded outputs for
driving a common-cathode seven-segment LED display. An advantage of this IC
is that it has decade counter functionality together with 7-segment decoder
driver.

Pin configuration:

7-Segment Display:
An LED or Light Emitting Diode, is a solid state optical PN-junction diode which emits
light energy in the form of photons.
Pin configuration:

Applications

The primary use of a stopwatch is to time the duration of an event. Two-


digit Counter Circuit can be seen in sports, used as an indicator at quiz
competitions, Crystal oscillator, etc. It is used for the purpose of counting
any process. There are numerous
applications of stop watch, as used it is used in sports too. It is used to find out
how much time takes an activity or any kind of work. There are two types of
stop watches, one is analog and other is digital stop watch. Comparatively,
digital stop watches are being used commonly everywhere. Therefore, we
have tried to make it as simple as we could. Due to its reasonable accuracy and
reliability we selected digital watch.

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