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Stepper Motor at Final Abstact

This document discusses stepper motors. It describes: 1) The main types of stepper motors - permanent magnet, variable reluctance, and hybrid synchronous. 2) How stepper motors work by converting electrical pulses into discrete mechanical movements through electromagnetic poles on the stator that rotate the permanent magnet rotor. 3) Some common applications of stepper motors in industrial machines, security, and medical devices due to their precise positioning abilities.

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KISHORE K
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23 views

Stepper Motor at Final Abstact

This document discusses stepper motors. It describes: 1) The main types of stepper motors - permanent magnet, variable reluctance, and hybrid synchronous. 2) How stepper motors work by converting electrical pulses into discrete mechanical movements through electromagnetic poles on the stator that rotate the permanent magnet rotor. 3) Some common applications of stepper motors in industrial machines, security, and medical devices due to their precise positioning abilities.

Uploaded by

KISHORE K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STEPPER MOTOR

Name: Saravanan R Name: Gowthaman P


Dept: Electrical and Electronics Engineering.
Dept:Electrical and Electronics Engineering.
Institution: Government College of Engineering.
Institution:Government College of Engineering.

Salem-11. Salem-11.

email: [email protected] email:[email protected]

Abstract-The rotary motion in stepper


motors occurs in a stepwise manner from
one equilibrium position to the next, and
hence a stepper motor's speed will be a
function of the frequency at which the
windings are energized. The stepper motor
can be used in an open loop positioning
system, as each step moves the motor by a
precise amount. These characteristics
make a stepper motor the first choice as a
servo drive for a number of low-cost
applications. The chapter discusses types
of stepper motors available, together with II. CONSTRUTION:
their characteristics. The design of the
The construction of a stepper
drive required to power stepper motors
motor is fairly related to dc motor. It
are considered, together with their
includes a permanent magnet like Rotor
selection.
which is in the middle & it will turn once
I. INTRODUCTION: force acts on it. This rotor is enclosed
through a no. of the stator which is wound
A stepper motor is an electromechanical
through a magnetic coil all over it. The
device which converts electrical pulses into
stator is arranged near to rotor so that
discrete mechanical movements.
magnetic fields within the stators can
A stepper motor, also known as step
control the movement of the rotor. The
motor or stepping motor, is a brushless DC
stepper motor can be controlled by
electric motor that divides a full rotation
energizing every stator one by one. So the
into a number of equal steps. The motor's
stator will magnetize & works like an
position can be commanded to move and
electromagnetic pole which uses repulsive
hold at one of these steps without
energy on the rotor to move forward. The
any position sensor for feedback as long
stator’s alternative magnetizing as well as
as the motor is correctly sized to the
demagnetizing will shift the rotor gradually
application in respect to torque and speed.
&allows it to turn through great control.
A standard motor will have a step angle of
1.8 degrees with 200 steps per revolution.
III. WORKING PRINCIPLE:
B. VARIABLE RELUCTANCE
The stepper motor working principle is STEPPER MOTOR:
Electro-Magnetism. It includes a rotor
which is made with a permanent magnet Variable reluctance (VR) motors have a
whereas a stator is with electromagnets. plain iron rotor and operate based on the
Once the supply is provided to the winding principle that minimum reluctance occurs
of the stator then the magnetic field will be with minimum gap, hence the rotor points
developed within the stator. Now rotor in are attracted toward the stator magnet poles.
the motor will start to move with the
rotating magnetic field of the stator. So this As the name suggests, the rotor’s
is the fundamental working principle of this angular position mainly depends on the
motor. magnetic circuit’s reluctance that can be
formed among the teeth of the stator as well
IV. TYPES OF STEPPER
as a rotor.
MOTOR:
• Permanent magnet stepper motor.
• Hybrid synchronous stepper motor.
• Variable reluctance stepper motor.

A. PERMANENT MAGNENT
STEPPER MOTOR:
Permanent magnet motors use a
permanent magnet (PM) in the rotor and
operate on the attraction or repulsion
between the rotor PM and the stator
electromagnets. C. HYBRID SYNCHRONOUS
The main benefit of this stepper motor is
STEPPER:
less manufacturing cost. For every
revolution, it has 48-24 steps.
Hybrid stepper motors are named
because they use a combination of
permanent magnet (PM) and variable
reluctance (VR) techniques to achieve Medical – Stepper motors are used inside
maximum power in small package sizes. medical scanners, samplers, and also found
inside digital dental photography, fluid
The most popular type of motor is pumps, respirators, and blood analysis
the hybrid stepper motor because it gives a machinery.
good performance as compared with a
permanent magnet rotor in terms of speed, VII. FEATURES OF STEPPER
step resolution, and holding torque. But, 1. SMs have no brushes. Its
performance dose no depends on the load.
this type of stepper motor is expensive as
2. Can be controlled in open loop
compared with permanent magnet stepper
method effectively.
motors. This motor combines the features
3. SMs are able to hold the shaft
of both the permanent magnet and variable stationary.
reluctance stepper motors. 4. Excellent response to
starting/stopping/reversing.

VIII. CONCLUSION:
Stepper motors are excellent for
positioning applications. Stepper motors
can be precisely controlled in terms of both
distance and speed simply by varying the
number of pulses and their frequency, their
high pole count gives them accuracy while
at the same time they run open loop. If sized
properly for the application, a stepper will
V. ADVANTAGES: never miss a step. And because they don't
need positional feedback, they are very cost
• Simple construction effective.
• Can work in an open-loop control
system XI. REFERENCE:
• Maintenance is low 1. Liptak, Bela G. (2005). Instrument
• It works in any situation Engineers' Handbook: Process
• Reliability is high Control and Optimization. CRC
Press. p. 2464. ISBN 978-0-8493-
• The rotation angle of the motor is 1081-2.
proportional to the input pulse. 2. ^ Tarun, Agarwal (24 October
• The motor has full torque at 2013). "Stepper Motor – Types,
standstill. Advantages & Applications".
3. ^ See "Friction and the Dead
VI. APPLICATION: Zone" by Douglas W
Jones https://homepage.divms.uiow
Industrial Machines – Stepper motors are a.edu/~jones/step/physics.html#fric
used in automotive gauges and machine tion.
tooling automated production equipment. 4. ^ "Microstepping: Myths and
Security – new surveillance products for Realities -
MICROMO". www.micromo.com.
the security industry.

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