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Civil and Biomedical Engineering

This document provides an overview of the ENGR002-Introduction to Engineering course taught by Dr. Ahmad El Hajj in Fall 2019/2020. It discusses common engineering disciplines including civil and biomedical engineering. For civil engineering, it describes the history and sub-disciplines. For biomedical engineering, it defines the field, provides some history including early pioneers and recent developments, discusses career areas and activities, and describes the role of clinical engineers.

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Hassan Kanso
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14 views

Civil and Biomedical Engineering

This document provides an overview of the ENGR002-Introduction to Engineering course taught by Dr. Ahmad El Hajj in Fall 2019/2020. It discusses common engineering disciplines including civil and biomedical engineering. For civil engineering, it describes the history and sub-disciplines. For biomedical engineering, it defines the field, provides some history including early pioneers and recent developments, discusses career areas and activities, and describes the role of clinical engineers.

Uploaded by

Hassan Kanso
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGR002-INTRODUCTION TO

ENGINEERING
DR. AHMAD EL HAJJ
FALL 2019/2020

Engineering disciplines: Civil


and Biomedical Engineering
COMMON ENGINEERING DISCIPLINES

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COMMON ENGINEERING DISCIPLINES

 Civil
 Aerospace
 Mechanical
 Architectural
 Computer
 Agricultural
 Mining and Geological
 Industrial
 Electrical
 Biomedical
 Nuclear
 Biological
 Petroleum
 Chemical
 Environmental
 Materials
 Mining
 Safety Engineering

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ENGINEERING PROGRAMSAT BAU

 BAU offers a bachelor degree of engineering in the following engineering


disciplines:
 Biomedical*
 Chemical*
 Civil and Environmental
 Communications and Electronics
 Computer
 Industrial
 Mechanical
 Petroleum*
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WHAT IS CIVIL ENGINEERING?

Civil Engineering is the improvement of civil society through the


application of scientific knowledge. Civil requirements in today’s
society are focused on meeting basic human needs and assisting
people in their daily lives. Civil Engineers understand the environment
and how they can use it safely and smartly to improve our quality of
life. Environmental consideration ensures that all structures and utilities
they implement are safe, economical and environmentally-sound.
It is broad field of engineering, which deals with the planning,
construction and maintenance of structures or public works as they
are related earth, water or in space.

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HISTORY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

 Evidence that engineering was practiced more than 4,500 years ago:
 pyramids in Egypt (circa 2700–2500 BC)
 Qanat water management system (the oldest is older than 3000 years and longer
than 71 km,)
 Parthenon by Iktinos in Ancient Greece (447–438 BC)
 Appian Way by Roman engineers (c. 312 BC),
 Great Wall of China
 The Romans developed civil structures throughout their empire including
aqueducts, insulae, harbors, bridges, dams and roads.

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HISTORY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EDUCATION

 The first private college to teach civil engineering in the United States
was Norwich University, founded in 1819 by Captain Alden Partridge.
 The first degree in civil engineering in the United States was awarded
by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1835.
 The first such degree to be awarded to a woman was granted
by Cornell University to Nora Stanton Blatch in 1905.

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DO ALL CIVIL ENGINEERS DO THE SAME THING?

Sub-Discipline Role
Structural engineers design steel, concrete, or timber framed structures subjected to natural
Structural loads (snow, wind and earthquake):
Example: Tall buildings & towers, Bridges, Dams,
Concerned with the interaction of structures with earth (including soil and rock).
Geotechnical Geotechnical engineers perform soil tests to ensure the presence of adequate strength that
meets the design of foundation.
Focuses on the planning, design, construction, and management of transportation systems.
Transportation Transportation systems include: highway design, airport runways, harbors, road intersections,
and traffic signals.
Environmental engineers design systems that prevent or reduce pollution of the air, soil and
water.
Environmental
These systems include: water purification, waste water and solid waste treatment plants, and
hazardous waste management.
Manage the execution of projects; meet schedules, plans, and specifications.
Construction Responsible for the safety of workers in the job site.

Concerned with collection and management of water.


Water Resources
It is related to the design of pipelines, water supply network, drainage facilities and canals.
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BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

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BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING: DEFINITION

Biomedical engineering is a new discipline that combines biology, chemistry, medicine,


and engineering to solve a wide range of medical and health-related problems. They
apply the laws and the principles of chemistry, biology, medicine, and engineering to
understand, modify, or control biological systems.

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SOME HISTORY: LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452-1519)

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... AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Stem cell research


(MRI)
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BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING: CAREER AREAS

 Application of engineering system analysis


(physiologic modeling, simulation, and control to
biological problems)
 Detection, measurement, and monitoring of
physiologic signals (i.e., biosensors and biomedical
instrumentation)
 Diagnostic interpretation via signal-processing
techniques of bioelectric data
 Therapeutic and rehabilitation procedures and
devices (rehabilitation engineering)
 Devices for replacement or augmentation of bodily
functions (artificial organs)
 Computer analysis of patient-related data and clinical
decision making (i.e., medical informatics and artificial
intelligence)
 Medical imaging—that is, the graphical display of
anatomic detail or physiologic function
 The creation of new biologic products (i.e.,
biotechnology and tissue engineering) 14
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING: ACTIVITIES

 Research in new materials for implanted artificial organs


 Development of new diagnostic instruments for blood analysis
 Writing software for analysis of medical research data
 Analysis of medical device hazards for safety and efficacy
 Development of new diagnostic imaging systems
 Design of telemetry systems for patient monitoring
 Design of biomedical sensors
 Development of expert systems for diagnosis and treatment of diseases
 Design of closed-loop control systems for drug administration
 Modeling of the physiologic systems of the human body
 Design of instrumentation for sports medicine
 Development of new dental materials
 Design of communication aids for individuals with disabilities
 Study of pulmonary fluid dynamics
 Study of biomechanics of the human body
 Development of material to be used as replacement for human skin
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EXAMPLE: CLINICAL ENGINEERING

 An engineer who has graduated from an


accredited academic program in engineering
and is engaged in the application of
scientific and technological knowledge
developed through engineering education
and subsequent professional experience within
the health care environment in support of
 direct patient care maintenance and support of
medical systems
 research in the clinical setting
 teaching in the clinical setting
 public service activities for enhancing patient
care

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ROLES OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERS

IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EM

 Problem solvers: work on solving problems identified by life scientists, physicians,


clinical engineers or biomedical design engineers.
 Technological entrepreneur: examines some portion of the medical or biological
front and identifies areas in which the application of advanced technology can
offer new solutions
 Engineering scientist: applies engineering concepts and techniques to the
investigation and exploration of biological processes

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