Exercise 1

AIM: To study the DOS Commands.

• Search is very helpful. In Windows 7, open the Start Menu and type command or cmd.

• Then, click the Command Prompt search result.

• In Windows 8.1, switch to the Start screen and type command or cmd.

• Then, click or tap the Command Prompt search result.

• In Windows 10, you can use Cortana to search for, and launch the Command Prompt.
Inside Cortana's search field, enter command or cmd. Then, click or tap on the
Command Prompt result.

• Alternatively, if you have a microphone installed on your device, you can simply tell
Cortana what you want to do. Click or tap on the microphone icon in
Cortana's search field and tell her to "Launch Command Prompt".
• In just a moment, Cortana will understand what you want and immediately launch the
Command Prompt window.

2. Launch the Command Prompt From The Run Window

• One of the quickest ways to launch the Command Prompt is to use the Run window
(press Win+R on your keyboard to open it).
• Then, type cmd or cmd.exe and press Enter or click/tap OK.

3. Launch It From The Start Menu/Screen

• If you are using Windows 7, open the Start Menu and go to All Programs -> Accessories.
There you will find the Command Prompt shortcut.
• In Windows 8.1, go to the Start screen. Click or tap on all apps and scroll right, until you
find the Windows System folder. There you will see the Command Prompt shortcut.

• In Windows 10, open the Start Menu and go to All apps -> Windows System. There you
will find the Command Prompt shortcut.
Date:

• To find the current date, MS-DOS provides DATE command.

• You can enter new date which will change your current system date. You can compare
the dates in the given images.
Time:

• To find the current time, MS-DOS provide the TIME commands.

• You can enter new time which will change your current system date. You can compare
the dates in the given images.
Cd (change directory):

CD (change directory) is a command used to switch directories in MS-DOS.

cd.. : Goes back one directory. For example, below you can see it goes back from Temp
directory to Windows directory.

Cd/ : Goes to the highest level, the root directory.

Suppose you want to go to a specific directory and if you are in root directory you can go using
following command. For example we want to switch to Desktop

Cd C:\Users\123\Desktop

Md (make directory):

• It allows you to create your own directory in the specified drive.

• Syntax is: md directory_name
 • You can check whether your directory has created or not to the specified place.

Start: To open your folder using command simply type:

Start directory_name
 • If you want to change yourself to another drive use following command:
Simple type, d: for switching to D drive and e: for switching to E drive.

Rd (remove directory):

If you want to remove any directory from any drive use rd command.

For example, in the below figure we want to remove DOS folder which is present in C drive,
simple type: rd DOS (directory name)
 • Once you hit enter you can see your directory has been removed from specified drive.

Path:

• Path is used to specify the location where MS-DOS looks when using a command.
Chkdsk: Chkdsk is a utility that checks the computer’s hard drive status for any cross-linked or
any additional errors with the hard drive. Run this command in administrative mode.

Copy: Allows you to copy one or more files to an alternative location. For example, if you want
to copy abc.txt file from C:\Java folder to D drive, simple type following command:

Firstly change your directory to Java folder using cd Java then type

Copy abc.txt d:/ which will copy your file to drive.

After copying

Suppose if you want to copy all text file present in Java folder simple type:

Copy *.txt d:/ which will copy all text file.

Xcopy:

• Xcopy is a powerful version of the copy command with additional features has the
capability of moving files, directories, and even whole drive from one location to another
location.
• Now, suppose if you want to try to copy all file presents in Java folder which can have
.txt files, .doc files, .html files etc. Simple type following command.

Format:

• Format is used to erase information of a computer diskette or foxed drive.

• Syntax is: format drive_name

Diskpart:

• It is used to delete and create partitions on the hard drive.

• Simply you have to type diskpart and it will show you the following things:
 • Just list the available disk using list disk command.
• After getting this information you need to select any of the disk available using select
disk disk_number(here we select disk 0)

But you have to be careful while using this command as it will erase you complete drive. If you
do it by mistakenly then use following command:
Defrag: It is a software utility capable of organizing and optimizing the files on the hard drive to
improve system performance.

Syntax is: defrag drive_name

Cls (clear screen): It will help you to clear your screen

Del:

Del is a command used to delete files from the computer. For example, we want to delete all
the temporary files present in Temp folder under Windows Directory from C drive. Syntax will
be as follows:

Del *.* which means files with any name and with any extension present in temp folder will be
deleted.

Move:

Allows you to move file or directories from one folder to another or from one drive to another
drive. For example, we want to move file called bootsqm from Users directory to video folder in
D Drive.
After moving
 Exercise 2
AIM: To study the Shortcut Keys of Window

Keyboard
Action
shortcut

Ctrl + A Select all content.

Ctrl + C (or
Copy selected items to clipboard.
Ctrl + Insert)

Ctrl + X Cut selected items to clipboard.

Ctrl + V (or
Paste content from clipboard.
Shift + Insert)

Ctrl + Z Undo an action, including undelete files (limited).

Ctrl + Y Redo an action.

Ctrl + Shift +
Create new folder on desktop or File Explorer.
N

Close active window. (If no active window is present, a shutdown box

Alt + F4
appears.)

Ctrl + D (Del) Delete selected item to the Recycle Bin.

Shift + Delete Delete the selected item permanently, skipping Recycle Bin.
Keyboard
Action
shortcut

F2 Rename selected item.

Esc Close current task.

Alt + Tab Switch between open apps.

PrtScn Take a screenshot and stores it in the clipboard.

Windows key
Open Settings app.
+I

Windows key
Open File Explorer.
+E

Windows key
Open Action center.
+A

Windows key
Display and hide the desktop.
+D

Windows key
Lock device.
+L

Windows key
Open Clipboard bin.
+V

Windows key
+ Period (.) or Open emoji panel.
Semicolon (;)
 Keyboard
Action
shortcut

Windows key
Capture a full screenshot in the "Screenshots" folder.
+ PrtScn

Windows key
Capture part of the screen with Snip & Sketch.
+ Shift + S

Windows key
+ Left arrow Snap app or window left.
key

Windows key
+ Right arrow Snap app or window right.
key

Keyboard
Action
shortcut

Windows key
Open Start menu.
(or Ctrl + Esc)

Ctrl + Arrow
Change Start menu size.
keys

Ctrl + Shift +
Open Task Manager.
Esc

Ctrl + Shift Switch keyboard layout.

Keyboard
Action
shortcut

Close active window. (If no active window is present, a shutdown box

Alt + F4
appears.)

Ctrl + F5 (or
Refresh current window.
Ctrl + R)

Ctrl + Alt +
View open apps.
Tab

Ctrl + Arrow
keys (to
Select multiple items on desktop or File Explorer.
select) +
Spacebar

Alt +
Underlined Runs command for the underlined letter in apps.
letter

Alt + Tab Switch between open apps while pressing Tab multiple times.

Alt + Left
Go back.
arrow key

Alt + Right
Go forward.
arrow key

Alt + Page Up Move up one screen.

Alt + Page
Move down one screen.
Down
Keyboard
Action
shortcut

Alt + Esc Cycle through open windows.

Alt +
Open context menu for the active window.
Spacebar

Alt + F8 Reveals typed password in Sign-in screen.

Shift + Click
Open another instance of an app from the Taskbar.
app button

Ctrl + Shift +
Click app Run app as administrator from the Taskbar.
button

Shift + Right-
click app Show window menu for the app from the Taskbar.
button

Ctrl + Click a
grouped app Cycle through windows in the group from the Taskbar.
button

Shift + Right-
click grouped Show window menu for the group from the Taskbar.
app button

Ctrl + Left
Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word.
arrow key

Ctrl + Down Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph.
Keyboard
Action
shortcut

Ctrl + Shift +
Select block of text.
Arrow key

Ctrl +
Enable or disable Chinese IME.
Spacebar

Shift + F10 Open context menu for selected item.

F10 Enable app menu bar.

Shift + Arrow
Select multiple items.
keys

Windows key
Open Quick Link menu.
+X

Windows key
+ Number (0- Open the app in number position from the Taskbar.
9)

Windows key
Cycle through apps in the Taskbar.
+T

Windows key
+ Alt + Open Jump List of the app in number position from the Taskbar.
Number (0-9)

Windows key
Display and hide the desktop.
+D
Keyboard
Action
shortcut

Windows key
Minimize all windows.
+M

Windows key
Restore minimized windows on the desktop.
+ Shift + M

Windows key
Minimize or maximize all but the active desktop window.
+ Home

Windows key
+ Shift + Up Stretch desktop window to the top and bottom of the screen.
arrow key

Windows key
+ Shift + Maximize or minimize active desktop windows vertically while
Down arrow maintaining width.
key

Windows key
+ Shift + Left Move active window to monitor on the left.
arrow key

Windows key
+ Shift +
Move active window to monitor on the right.
Right arrow
key

Windows key
+ Left arrow Snap app or window left.
key
Keyboard
Action
shortcut

Windows key
+ Right arrow Snap app or window right.
key

Windows key
Open Search.
+ S (or Q)

Windows key
Open date and time in the Taskbar.
+ Alt + D

Windows key
Open Task View.
+ Tab

Windows key
Create new virtual desktop.
+ Ctrl + D

Windows key
Close active virtual desktop.
+ Ctrl + F4

Windows key
+ Ctrl + Right Switch to the virtual desktop on the right.
arrow

Windows key
+ Ctrl + Left Switch to the virtual desktop on the left.
arrow

Windows key
Open Project settings.
+P
Keyboard
Action
shortcut

Windows key
Open Action center.
+A

Windows key
Open Settings app.
+I

Backspace Return to the Settings app home page.

 Exercise 3
AIM: Introduction of MS Word
•
Microsoft word is a word processor software developed by Microsoft in 1983. It
is the most commonly used word processor software. It is used to create
professional quality documents, letters, reports, resumes, etc and also allows
you to edit or modify your new or existing document. The file saved in Ms
Word has .docx extension. It is a component of the Microsoft Office suite, but
you can buy it separately and is available for both Windows and macOS. The
latest version of Ms Word is 2019. In this article we will learn the features of
Ms Word, but first we learn how to open Ms Word?
How to open MS Word?
The following step shows how to open MS words:
Step 1: Type Ms Word in the search bar.
Step 2: Select Ms Word application.
Step 3: Select a blank document and press create button.

Then you will get a window like in the image below where you can write your
content and perform different types of operations on that content, like font type,
style, bold, italic, etc. You can also add images, tables, charts to your document.

Features of MS Word

Now let us discuss the features or components of the Ms Word. Using these
features, you can perform different types of operations on your documents, like
you can create, delete, style, modify, or view the content of your document.
1. File
It contains options related to the file, like New(used to create a new document),
Open(used to open an existing document), Save(used to save document), Save
As(used to save documents), History, Print, Share, Export, Info, etc.
2. Home
It is the default tab of Ms Word and it is generally divided into five groups, i.e.,
Clipboard, Font, Paragraph, Style and Editing. It allows you to select the color,
font, emphasis, bullets, position of your text. It also contains options like cut,
copy, and paste. After selecting the home tab you will get below options:
3. Insert
It is the second tab present on the menu bar or ribbon. It contains various items
that you may want to insert into a Microsoft word. It includes options like
tables, word art, hyperlinks, symbols, charts, signature line, date and time,
shapes, header, footer, text boxes, links, boxes, equations, etc.,
4. Draw
It is the third tab present in the menu bar or ribbon. It is used for freehand
drawing in Ms Word. It provides different types of pens for drawing.
5. Design
It is the fourth tab present in the menu bar or ribbon. The design tab contains
document designs that you can select, such as documents with centered titles,
offset headings, left-justified text, page borders, watermarks, page color, etc.
6. Layout
It is the fifth tab present on the menu bar or ribbon. It holds all the options that
allow you to arrange your Microsoft Word document pages just the way you
want them. It includes options like set margins, display line numbers, set
paragraph indentation, and lines apply themes, control page orientation and size,
line breaks, etc.

7. References
It is the sixth tab present in the menu bar or ribbon. The references tab lets you
add references to a document, then create a bibliography at the end of the text.
The references are generally stored in a master list, which is used to add
references to further documents. It includes options like, Table of Contents,
Footnotes, Citations & Bibliography, Captions, Index, Table of Authorities,
smart look, etc.
8. Mailings
It is the seventh tab present in the menu bar or ribbon. It is a least used tab in the
menu bar. This tab is where you would create labels, print them on envelopes,
do mail merge, etc.

9. Review
It is the eighth tab present in the menu bar or ribbon. The review tab contains,
commenting, language, translation, spell check, word count tools. It is good for
quickly locating and editing comments.

10. View
It is the ninth tab present in the menu bar or ribbon. View tab allows you to
switch between single page or double page and also allows you to control the
layout tools It includes print layout, outline, web layout, task pane, toolbars,
ruler, header and footer, footnotes, full-screen view, zoom, etc.
 Exercise 4

AIM: To form an MS Word Application Form

Personal Details:
First Name: Last Name:
Gender: Male: Female:
Citizenship: Date of Birth:
Address: Phone No:
Email ID:

Position You Apply For:

Position Category Please Mark Your
Choice
 Exercise 5

AIM: To form table and write formula using symbol

Mathematical Report
(X1,Y1) (X2,Y2) Distance
X1 Y1 X2 Y2
1 2 5 10 8.94
2 4 3 6 2.24
3 6 4 8 2.24
4 8 1 2 6.71
5 10 2 4 6.71

1. The distance between two points(X1,Y1) &

(X2,Y2) is
√(x2 − x1)2 + (y2 − y1)2

2. Mid-Point Formula

((x -x )/2 , (y - y )/2)

2 1 2 1
 Exercise 6
AIM: Mail Merge

Exercise 7
AIM: Introduction to MS Excel
MS-EXCEL is a part of Microsoft Office suite software. It is an electronic
spreadsheet with numerous rows and columns, used for organizing data,
graphically representing data(s), and performing different calculations. It
consists of 1048576 rows and 16384 columns, a row and column together
make a cell. Each cell has an address defined by column name and row
number example A1, D2, etc. This is also known as a cell reference.

What is MS Excel
Microsoft Excel is a software application designed for creating tables to input
and organize data. It provides a user-friendly way to analyze and work with
data. The image below provides a visual representation of what an Excel
spreadsheet typically appears like
Excel Interface

What is a Cell
A spreadsheet takes the shape of a table, consisting of rows and columns. A
cell is created at the intersection point where rows and columns meet, forming
a rectangular box. Here’s an image illustrating what a cell looks like:

What is Cell Address or Cell Reference

The address or name of a cell or a range of cells is known as Cell reference. It
helps the software to identify the cell from where the data/value is to be used
in the formula. We can reference the cell of other worksheets and also of other
programs.
• Referencing the cell of other worksheets is known as External referencing.
• Referencing the cell of other programs is known as Remote referencing.
There are three types of cell references in Excel:
1. Relative reference.
2. Absolute reference.
3. Mixed reference.

Features of MS Excel
Ribbon
Th eRibbon in MS-Excel is the topmost row of tabs that provide the user with
different facilities/functionalities. These tabs are:
Home Tab
It provides the basic facilities like changing the font, size of text, editing the
cells in the spreadsheet, autosum, etc.
Insert Tab
It provides the facilities like inserting tables, pivot tables, images, clip art,
charts, links, etc.
Page layout
It provides all the facilities related to the spreadsheet-like margins,
orientation, height, width, background etc. The worksheet appearance will be
the same in the hard copy as well.
Formulas
It is a package of different in-built formulas/functions which can be used by
user just by selecting the cell or range of cells for values.
Data
The Data Tab helps to perform different operations on a vast set of data like
analysis through what-if analysis tools and many other data analysis tools,
removing duplicate data, transpose the row and column, etc. It also helps to
access data(s) from different sources as well, such as from Ms-Access, from
web, etc.
Review
This tab provides the facility of thesaurus, checking spellings, translating the
text, and helps to protect and share the worksheet and workbook.
View
It contains the commands to manage the view of the workbook, show/hide
ruler, gridlines, etc, freezing panes, and adding macros.
How to Create a New Spreadsheet
In Excel 3 sheets are already opened by default, now to add a new sheet :
• In the lowermost pane in Excel, you can find a button.
• Click on that button to add a new sheet.
• We can also achieve the same by Right-clicking on the sheet number
before which you want to insert the sheet.
• Click on Insert.
• Select Worksheet.

• Click OK.
How to Open an Existing Worksheet
On the lowermost pane in Excel, you can find the name of the current sheet
you have opened.
On the left side of this sheet, the name of previous sheets are also available
like Sheet 2, Sheet 3 will be available at the left of sheet4, click on the
number/name of the sheet you want to open and the sheet will open in the
same workbook.
For example, we are on Sheet 4, and we want to open Sheet 2 then simply just
click on Sheet2 to open it.

Managing the Spreadsheets

You can easily manage the spreadsheets in Excel simply by :
• Simply navigating between the sheets.

• Right-clicking on the sheet name or number on the pane.

• Choose among the various options available like, move, copy, rename,
add, delete etc.
• You can move/copy your sheet to other workbooks as well just by
selecting the workbook in the To workbook and the sheet before you want
to insert the sheet in Before sheet.
How to Save the Workbook
1. Click on the Office Button or the File tab.
2. Click on Save As option.
3. Write the desired name of your file.
4. Click OK.
How to Share your Workbook
1. Click on the Review tab on the Ribbon.
2. Click on the share workbook (under Changes group).
3. If you want to protect your workbook and then make it available for
another user then click on Protect and Share Workbook option.
4. Now check the option “Allow changes by more than one user at the same
time. This also allows workbook merging” in the Share Workbook dialog
box.
5. Many other options are also available in the Advanced like track, update
changes.
6. Click OK.
Ms-Excel shortcuts
1. Ctrl+N: To open a new workbook.
2. Ctrl+O: To open a saved workbook.
3. Ctrl+S: To save a workbook.
4. Ctrl+C: To copy the selected cells.
5. Ctrl+V: To paste the copied cells.
6. Ctrl+X: To cut the selected cells.
7. Ctrl+W: To close the workbook.
8. Delete: To remove all the contents from the cell.
9. Ctrl+P: To print the workbook.
10.Ctrl+Z: To undo.

Ms Excel Definition
“Microsoft Excel is a computer program that lets you create tables to store
and work with information, like numbers and words. It helps with tasks like
calculations, making charts, and organizing data neatly.”

Exercise 8
AIM: Introduction of MS PowerPoint
Microsoft PowerPoint, usually just called the PowerPoint, is a software program
developed by Microsoft to produce effective presentations. It is a part of
Microsoft Office suite. The program comprises slides and various tools like word
processing, drawing, graphing and outlining. Thus it can display text, table, chart,
graphics and media in the slides.

Features of PowerPoint

Microsoft PowerPoint is a professional presentation program that allows the user

to create a "presentation slide" that can be displayed on the computer screen
through a projector that is plugged into the computer. There are three main
features of the Microsoft PowerPoint window that you need to focus upon while
learning PowerPoint. These features are Microsoft Office Button, Quick Access
Toolbar and Ribbon. Some of the other important features of PowerPoint are:

o Ribbon: PowerPoint has a new, intuitive user interface called the Ribbon
that helps you create better presentations much more quickly than you
could in earlier versions of PowerPoint.
o Live Preview: PowerPoint takes advantage of the live preview feature to
review your formatting choices before you apply them.
o Create Dynamic Presentations: PowerPoint quickly creates dynamic and
great looking presentations using the redesigned user interface and new
graphics capabilities.
o Video Capabilities: One of the attractive features of Microsoft PowerPoint
is that it allows you to use video in your presentations. With this software,
you can embed a video clip into one of your slides and use it during the
slideshow. When you embed the video, you can also perform a number of
editing functions which will allow you to alter the video to your needs for
the presentation.
o Apply a consistent look and feel in one click: PowerPoint themes help
you change the look and feel of your entire presentation with just one click.
PowerPoint comes with new themes, layouts and Quick Styles that offer
you a wide range of options when you are formatting your presentations.
Changing the theme of your presentation not only changes the background
colour but the colour of a diagram, table etc and even the style of any bullet
points within a presentation.
o Sharing: Another feature of Microsoft PowerPoint is the ability to share
presentations with other individuals in different locations.
o Dynamically modify shapes, text, and graphics with new tools and
effects: You can now manipulate and work with your text, tables, charts
and other presentation elements in much richer ways than ever before.
o Special Effects: When creating a presentation, one of your jobs as a
presenter is to keep the attention of your audience. If you create a plain
presentation without any flair, your subjects may not pay attention for long.
With Microsoft PowerPoint, you can use a number of special effects to
enhance the quality of your presentations.
 o Reduce your document sizes and improve file recovery at the same
time: The new compressed Microsoft PowerPoint XML Format offers a
dramatic reduction in file size, while offering an improvement in data
recovery for damaged files.
o Support other file formats: PowerPoint enables support for other file
formats, such as PDF and XPS.

Exercise 9
AIM: To form Slides in PowerPoint

Create a presentation

1. Open PowerPoint.
2. In the left pane, select New.
3. Select an option:
▪ To create a presentation from scratch,

select Blank Presentation.

▪ To use a prepared design, select one of

the templates.
▪ To see tips for using PowerPoint,

select Take a Tour, and then

select Create, .
Add a slide

1. In the thumbnails on the left pane, select the slide you want your new slide
to follow.
2. In the Home tab, in the Slides section, select New Slide.
3. In the Slides section, select Layout, and then select the layout you want from
the menu.
Add and format text

1. Place the cursor inside a text box, and then type something.
2. Select the text, and then select one or more options from the Font section of
the Home tab, such as Font, Increase Font Size, Decrease Font
Size, Bold, Italic, Underline, etc.
3. To create bulleted or numbered lists, select the text, and then
select Bullets or Numbering.
Add a picture, shape, and more

1. Go to the Insert tab.

2. To add a picture:
▪ In the Images section, select Pictures.
▪ In the Insert Picture From menu, select the source you want.
▪ Browse for the picture you want, select it, and then select Insert.
3. To add illustrations:
▪ In the Illustrations section, select Shapes, Icons, 3D
Models, SmartArt, or Chart.
▪ In the dialog box that opens when you click one of the illustration
types, select the item you want and follow the prompts to insert it.
 Exercise 10
AIM: Introduction of MS Excel Formulas
Select a cell.

1. Type the equal sign =.

Note: Formulas in Excel always begin with the equal sign.

2. Select a cell or type its address in the selected

cell.

3. Enter an operator. For example, – for

subtraction.
4. Select the next cell, or type its address in the
selected cell.

5. Press Enter. The result of the calculation appears

in the cell with the formula.

See a formula
When a formula is entered into a cell, it also appears in
the Formula bar.

▪ To see a formula in the formula bar, select a cell.

Enter a formula that contains a

built-in function
1. Select an empty cell.
2. Type an equal sign = and then type a function.
For example, =SUM for getting the total sales.
3. Type an opening parenthesis (.
4. Select the range of cells, and then type a closing
parenthesis).

5. Press Enter to get the result.