Maderen Pereiodie able

Alabutae areangenent of
tighlghing the
lements in
and
reauar epeldion f
Davelgprent of Periodie lable:
epritri e
Dmitei Mendeleey
przoperties,
arezanged
orde the
elemntsmassin
atone
’ placed
4hern
hoi 2ontd zoss
othe ttte nder the
80
that the elenents
More
oncewrate delemintions have enchsimilae
verieal aotu
Lat propenties
of atoie
diecra panaiesr haiadeal mosses reet raveled
These diserepaeies Vanish
cshen the eleents in
+e periodie tatle
ordered by atomic
I 1913 the British physiojst
Henry Mseley
measured the wovelegths
Modern f cetain Xnays enittel
Periodie by aleents
Table ohich shoused that hese
alated
Lwavelergthsatomi e runbes
to the
of te elenots
 I
version ot the pereio die.
t modern
each enty
lists the atoie

atone
5ymbo|
nunbeh
HeneiMoseley. Tnass
‘Modern slaterent o9 lac
o! 4he lauo
t
of Peri odiaty

e maderer. periodie las stes

hat
przopereies o He
e lenets
tzepeat after
carlain raadare
jatevals
hen ese elers
atee
tteasAed in orde
o eein inereasi
adoie nubers
The ause
Pariodicrly:
t the reepattion siibre
oudere lestot electeonie
eonliquration after cerlain
regle inferzvale
aueler As ueleus is not
eAeetive . Hhe atomie mass
has littHe effecf
 Electon6 arre exposed to the
envireonet.

cdeact
coith
otere atoms.
ahemical precpereties o he
TRe physical and heire
atomie nunbers
elenants depend upon
hn he atonie masS
tedhez th
Table:
perciodiche eleeirconie cerdiguradion
featres of mocera
Main based u pO ot te elents
4marks

eonsists P 13 vesical
columns ( Groups)
andd7 7 horeizontal roSs (Peeiod)

telemats that have similarr ehemical propertie s

arre
eolumns lled qreonp

’have the Basne valenee corhiqunahion ant

bt diPeranit principal anontun number s.

Jroups are also divided )ato two

Sub and .
These are numbered IA (1), IA(2) IIB (3)
IND (4),VB5), VIB (6, YIB (8,9,10),
TA (03), VA (14), VA 15),
VTA (16),VIA (11) ad VIIA(1)
groups
’Greoup J:
ealled Alkali metals
Highly enchve
an have at1
Greoup 2:
ealled alkaline earfh
eharge
metols
have t2 ehorge.
Gaoup 3 to 12
k called
are in the middle.
reansiion mefals
Innere tzonsition ae
melals.
Ly are at the bottom
a9 Lanhanides
’ Aetinides

called haloges.
Highly treoctive and have
-1 charge
Group 13 orr Zerro.
called e Nable
Grases /Iart
 ’ ycaogen ocouples a uniq ue posibon at
Lhe top of he pereiodic table. do
+ doesnt it aturally into
aiy Greoup.
has a single poitive
Charge , like
e alkali metals
Dut at rr00n tenpeadare
it i
gas that
cbesn't act 1ike metal

group Consiels of thee qroups (8, 9,10).

Contain reiads,
Ly melals aith very
similar propercti es
usually
found
ogeter.
’ Periods
> siges the highest e unerited energr
leve
eauals the priapal auotum nunbere
the valenoe shell
irst pemied
L> torsists f only o elenends
Ltrdrogern
Helin
 b2d and Bnd
Ly Cosists of 8 elenerts eoch

y 4th ad 5
L onsisls of 13 clenends
eoeh

co6isls f 2 eleents
eoch.

lorhanidas
y A seporrate povel at he
elements
bottom covsisls of 5
of the 6+h peridd
Aeiicles
bA sepatade parel at the
botlom oomsists of I5 elemants
of the h peraod.

t Lek Eleres 13, l15, I17 andS||3 are

he mo5t
-te recent diso vaies
Ly corfiened by
IUPAC in 20 l
’Proposed nanes
113 ’ Nihoniun (Nh) Internadioa
I15 ’ Moscovium (Me)
7 ’ Temessine (Ts) Pure and
Applied
119’ Oga nesson (0g).
chanisty
 iron reiads iron, cobalt, nidkel
palladium treiad -’ Rlhenun, zhodiu paladi
L, platinw treiad >5mi um, irzidian, latinum

Melal Triads
ircon, cobalt and nickel.
consists
preopercties found
found togefker.
+ siilorz

classifioation of the elerents wto bocks

tH elemats ’valoee canfiqurti
6-block

P to stp
S

’ have
valente coviqurations
í cohieh d-subshells
beirg fled.
’ have valenee cerliguatons
in shich - subshells
are
bei 4illed.
s bloek

’ pblek

d bloel
 Heclossihieation of elements
dependimg on elettonie
corfiguredion
5lhe Reprgentatie
Elements
[s and
1he
P
blodl
Tecositior
he ]mer reonsitiom
Elements
[ bleck
Metas
Alkali metals(li, No, W, Rb, ,ls, Fr )
Comno7
jn nature Alkaline eorth metals
(and daly life

lable slb,

U5ed in graaes, Iman Jransilon Metl, lathandes

drugs 4o theat actinides
palents ceho
eit maNial-depresS) ve
bpelare behaviop
rrane in rnatre
 metal shells atoms.
ectrons
im of
el outen the
the moy eaoily
ability
to 7nove
the freom Reslt +
(Abeud
re room at
amereury
l solids
solids arte
fore Except
eleetraeily ond
heat conduetoms
of good
are
oire) iadodreacsn be(can ductile
hoe) indo
haered be(can maleable H
(shiny)lustreus ’
MetBds: Hreperetics
of
(heony moteks 2
 Alkali metalsnI escept H.
’ Highly Reactive
’ Fr
unstable
highly radioaeive
exists in only trzooe anoLnts
’ 7 Na, K- se venta
andmost8th
abundant
elenents in Eanth'
-fown jor 5 ith Qrus,
: hage
y have the larest atom sizes
elemonts in Hhei peids
thei
Alkaline Earih Metals: oe, Ma, Ca, Sn,
’ be, 5n,a ba, Ral
tzare
Ra
unstable +t highly rradioaeti
+ , Mt 5th and Gth
most abundat
elenets
found
Eácth
huge deposits
of lime stone
othar minetals.and
have jo's csith a +2 eharge
5moaller thon those of the
akali matals.
Triansition MeBals:
in Gzroup 3 to
32Emple - Fe,Auka]
H very hared
high moting poini s + boilinA
Points,
g00d eleteioal Conduclozs
H verey
veey malleable
shos poitive oxidaion states of +2 omd t3
Oontain tuo t ineo mplete enegY laels
(5 ond d orebitls)
eHeetive oatale agerts
+ jenereally torcm colourad and complex
Compound
indlade most of the elenents
L
cafegprogedinte
smalee, grcoups
laathaides
actini des

Anoher cay to qrcoup reansiliom

metals in Tra'ads
Metals coth
very similoe
propacties, usuay
furd togetera
 th lamlhapides reare earth s
>silvery metals that
’ Relatively soft tarnish
elals easil,
'ith
high nelting and
boilig points,
Reaet to forn many
howe
thae incomplete
outerelevels
SiPeeties
Alerent comou
to as ia
the
se ofjreansiton
waed in lamps, g
elenet

and to
Prroperctes improve the
metals
Le Aetinide
arre i2.
the belous
Janthanide (treans- uaniw

’are rzadioaehve,
positiaely eharged jons
Raoetive metas hatforan
compounds Laith most rontals

ia medienes and
nucleare deviees
 Non me tals:
doesn'! exhibit heisties of a metl
JL charaotere
nost of en ontr
gases. Enmele! ee, o|
olids JEnmele: Ps7
’ solid nonetals
waually hard, laok metallie
luster , britle substarees
Bronine 1e the only iqid nornclal
je

and the oble gasse

The halogens greoups of nonal
8ases are two

Gre,
KMelalloid s lsemine als: (B, si ,As, ) fore
sb,Te,Bi, Me&

havig lboth metallieand mo ngnetallie

preoperefies
’ silieon(si) and Germanium (be ) usually qood
semieonduetos
Poor onduetor of
eleetrieity at
tempaeature
L bet beeome modercadely good conduetors
highere tempartures,
 - t t caleiun ohpei de
used in
podsaut
Hlalogens (F, , Br J, AL)
f Hlighly Reacfive
> React tuadi ly coth etals
Ho oem compouds a-1
prsrblefeam Fom íon5 coith Chonge
Copouods hal cowtain the 9luerci de ion
are added to Hoetheaste and
kibehen ut on sils
’torottre
Ch laes luorocackon propellen ts and teig erzonts
Lylead to te depleti on of
[ath's o20re loyet.
Cromi and Jocdine
L less albdont han
Astati ne ehlorine
TLaioaetive hat it enists in
only egg ble
raluree.
used as

Beachin
 eleetreon atinity 1ke anount, ot relea sed
Spent ahen,a
cahen an e is
eleetro meg’ e eregeregy eeauited
moVe
to added to.
gaseou dom
Noble Gases He, Ne, An, Kn, Xe, Ra
eomposed ot oly single atoms.
Lyealle d
unreaefive gas Monatomic
At tenparturce ardpre sSe.
t ere called a ineret 9ases
ases ore are
not eaetive.
becuuse ot
** +heir lock of
Natural gas eontains
6ubstuntialcactivity.

Arzqon is oen wsed

amouts ot oiur
helium.
noble

unreeactive (inert ) atmosphere forz

weldira and ia ight
The red light emited in blbs.
by eon
diseharge tube is used 1gbts
’Impfor mid.
Cause of achinity o noble gases
1) eleetttonic eonfia eomplete all paind
]
) very high lonigation potentia.
n) ngligible elecrsn oinitie s
Iv) absence of any moleculare cbh
v) stable energy state.
 modernn periodic Table
he tremds in
ABoie bize: move
fruorn lett to
Decrccoses you
aerros5
rght
He table

move docon a cdumn

rereoses

Enengy reayireed to gnove an eletron

Inereoses freomm let to Right
Deerea ses as you move docon
a colun.

Tke ability to -brem a ohenica bond

Arorm lett to tight
Ly Deereases as You move don
aoun.
Electon AMnity vaue:
> Deereases coith the inereasing atomie
rzadius
Lybesausé Electreo stathie toree of Atracton
Decreases beteen he
eleeteoh added
beirg
ond atomnie nueleus
’Due to Cam increa se
i the dis tonee beteen
Eleteogivty
aton to 4he tendaney of
eleeitorns ttocsards
reoot
Elestreon Afinty:
bondi
itse?
g paire of
yhe mouat of
added
spent
cohen eeryyelecron
releasedis
moleele the neuta atom
a
give aseous state to torem
TonizptioHn Erergy
The
ernery reained to
eleeton freom aseous
temove
ion.X+ energyte) atom
119 knoeng elenents
94
are
Pound
in apprreeiable
quondities in
natune.
Only Technetium (Te 43) nd
Promethiun ( a,61) prepared
artifieially
All treans-ueanin elerents synthehie.
 lable:!
perciodie
of the of Hyroen
Limitations position
Lantha nides
position of
Jhe Aetinides.
and
Diagomal reelationship
cohich arcen't
periodietao
Peoperties
’

Usefass of eleents.
> clasiflaation
udiscoverec eenerts,
Praesdiefion of
> odomie
Corereaction of tomie caergh.
al
industci
PereioaieToble ja
zesearch.