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Volume & Surface Area

The document discusses calculating the volume and surface area of solids obtained by revolving curves around axes. It provides the general formulas for finding the volume and surface area. It then works through examples of finding the volume and surface area of solids generated by revolving an ellipse, a cardioid, and cycloids around their bases or initial lines.

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Tanim Ahmed
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136 views

Volume & Surface Area

The document discusses calculating the volume and surface area of solids obtained by revolving curves around axes. It provides the general formulas for finding the volume and surface area. It then works through examples of finding the volume and surface area of solids generated by revolving an ellipse, a cardioid, and cycloids around their bases or initial lines.

Uploaded by

Tanim Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Volume and Surface area of a Solid of revolution

(1) The volume of the solid bounded by the curve 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥),, two ordinates
𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 𝑏 and 𝑥 axis is 𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋 𝑦 𝑑𝑥.
The surface area 𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑠, where 𝑑𝑠 arc length.
(2) The volume of the solid bounded by the curve 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑦), two abscissa 𝑦 =
𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑑 and 𝑦 axis is 𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋 𝑥 𝑑𝑦.
The surface area 𝐴 = 2𝜋 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑠, where 𝑑𝑠 arc length.

Example 1: Find the volume of the solid generated by


y revolving the ellipse
+ = 1 about the major axis .

Solution:

The required volume = ∫ 𝜋 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (𝑎 − 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑥−

2𝜋𝑏 𝑎 4
= 𝑎 − = 𝜋𝑎𝑏
𝑎 3 3

Example 2: Find the volume and surface area of the solid generated by revolving the
cardioide 𝑟 = 𝑎(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) about the initial line.

Solution:
1.0

0.5

2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5


0.5

1.0

The extreme point of the curve are given by 𝜃 = 0 and 𝜃 = 𝜋.

The required volume, V = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑑(𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)

= 𝜋𝑎 (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑑{(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃}

= 𝜋𝑎 (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 {−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃} 𝑑𝜃

[ 𝑥 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑠 𝜃 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝜋 𝑡𝑜 0]

= 𝜋𝑎 ∫ (1 − 𝑧) (1 − 𝑧 )(1 − 2𝑧) 𝑑𝑧; put 𝑧 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃.

= 𝜋𝑎 (1 − 4𝑧 + 4𝑧 + 2𝑧 − 5𝑧 + 2𝑧 ) 𝑑𝑧

8𝑎 𝜋
=
3

The required surface-area, S = 2𝜋 ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑠 = 2𝜋 ∫ 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 √𝑑𝑟 + 𝑟 𝑑𝜃

= 2𝜋 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑑𝑟 + 𝑟 𝑑𝜃

= 2𝜋 𝑎(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 (𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑑𝜃) + 𝑎 (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) 𝑑𝜃

= 2𝜋 𝑎 (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 2(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝑑𝜃

/
= 2𝜋√2 ∫ 𝑎 (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑑𝜃 , putting 𝑧 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

/ /
= 2√2𝜋𝑎 ∫ 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = 2√2𝜋𝑎 𝑧 = 𝜋𝑎 .
Cycloid:

Example 3: Find the volume and surface area of the solid generated by revolving
the cycloid = 𝑎(𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) , 𝑦 = 𝑎(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) about its base.

Solution:

The extreme point of the curve are given by 𝜃 = −𝜋 and 𝜃 = 𝜋.

The required volume, V = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝜃

= 𝜋𝑎 (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝑑𝜃
= 𝜋𝑎 (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) 𝑑𝜃

= 𝜋𝑎 ∫ (2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃/2) 𝑑𝜃

= 8.2𝜋𝑎 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃/2 𝑑𝜃 ; put 𝑡 = , 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝜃 = 2𝑑𝑡

= 32𝜋𝑎 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 32𝜋𝑎 . . . = 5𝜋 𝑎

The required surface area,S= 2𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝜃 = 2𝜋 ∫ 𝑎(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) ( ) + ( ) 𝑑𝜃

Now, ( ) +( ) = 𝑎 (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) + (−𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) = 𝑎 2(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)

/
or, 𝑆 = 2𝜋𝑎 √2 ∫ (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) 𝑑𝜃

/
or, 𝑆 = 2𝜋𝑎 √2 ∫ (2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃/2) 𝑑𝜃

or, 𝑆 = 8𝜋𝑎 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃/2 𝑑𝜃


/
or, 𝑆 = 16.2. 𝜋𝑎 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 𝑑𝑡; put 𝑡 = , 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝜃 = 2𝑑𝑡

or, 𝑆 = 32𝜋𝑎 .1 = .

Example 4: Find the volume and surface area of the solid generated by revolving
the cycloid = 𝑎(𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) , 𝑦 = 𝑎(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) about its base.

The required volume, V = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝜃

Example 5: Find the volume and surface area of the solid generated by revolving
the cycloid = 𝑎(𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) , 𝑦 = 𝑎(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) about its base.
The required volume, V = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝜃

Example 6: Find the volume and surface area of the solid generated by revolving
the cycloid 𝑥 = 𝑎(𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) , 𝑦 = 𝑎(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) about its base.

The required volume, V = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝜃

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