REVISION SHEETS

REVISION SHEET: ELECTROSTATICS

1. What is an electric dipole? Derive an expression for dipole field intensity at a point due to
(i) axial line of dipole
(ii) equatorial line of dipole

2. Derive an expression for torque acting on an electric dipole in a uniform two-dimensional electric field, with
cases?

3. Derive an expression for potential energy/total work done of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field?

4. State and prove Gauss theorem? Apply this theorem to derive an expression for electric field intensity due to
(i) a line of charge
(ii) a uniformly charged spherical shell
(iii) an infinite plane sheet of charge
(iv) two parallel sheets of charge
Note: Numerical based on Gauss theorem only NCERT Based
5. What is capacitance? Sketch a graph to show how a charge Q given to a capacitor of capacity C varies with
the potential difference V.

6. Deduce the effect of introducing (i) a conducting slab (ii) a dielectric slab in between the plates of a parallel
plate capacitor.

7. Derive the expression for the electric potential at any point due to dipole?

8. Calculate the amount of work done in turning an electric dipole of dipole moment 3 x 10 -8 C-m from its position
of unstable equilibrium to the position of stable equilibrium, in a uniform electric field of intensity 10 3 N/C.
(i) Define electric flux. Write its SI unit.
(ii) The electric field components due to a charge inside the cube of side 0.1 m are shown
Ex = αx, where α = 800 N/C-m, Ey = 0, EZ = 0. Calculate
(a) The flux through the cube and
(b) The charge inside the cube

(iii) A charge q is placed at the centre of a cube of side L. What is the electric flux passing through the
cube?
9. A point charge causes an electric flux – 3 x 10-14 N-m2/C to pass through a spherical Gaussian surface.
(i) Calculate the value of the point charge
(ii) If the radius of the Gaussian surface is double, how much flux would pass through the surface?
10. What do you mean by dielectric constant? What is the value of dielectric constant for water?

11. What are electric lines of force? Write their properties?

12. What is electric potential? Show that the negative of potential gradient is equal to electric field intensity?

13. A slab of material of dielectric constant K has the same area as the plates of a parallel-plate capacitor but has
a thickness 3d/4, where d is the separation of the plates. How is the capacitance changed when the slab is
inserted between the plates

14. A network of four 10 𝜇F capacitors is connected to a 500 V supply, as shown in Fig Determine (a) the
equivalent capacitance of the network and (b) the charge on each capacitor. (Note, the charge on a capacitor
is the charge on the plate with higher potential, equal and opposite to the charge on the plate with lower
potential.

15. A 12pF capacitor is connected to a 50V battery. How much electrostatic energy is stored in the capacitor?

16. A 600pF capacitor is charged by a 200V supply. It is then disconnected from the supply and is connected to
another uncharged 600 pF capacitor. How much electrostatic energy is lost in the process

17. A spherical conductor of radius 12 cm has a charge of 1.6 × 10 –7C distributed uniformly on its surface. What
is the electric field

(a) inside the sphere

(b) just outside the sphere
(c) at a point 18 cm from the centre of the sphere?

REVISION SHEET: CURRENT ELECTRICITY

1. A silver wire has a resistance of 2.1 ohm at 27.5 °C, and a resistance of 2.7 ohm at 100 °C. Determine the
temperature coefficient of resistivity of silver.

2. What are non-ohmic conductors? Draw V – I graph for water voltameter?

3. A storage battery of emf 8.0 V and internal resistance 0.5 W is being charged by a 120 V dc supply using a
series resistor of 15.5 W. What is the terminal voltage of the battery during charging? What is the purpose
of having a series resistor in the charging circuit?

4. State ohm’s law and deduce it from the drift velocity of free electrons in a conductor carrying current?

5. At room temperature (27.0 0C) the resistance of a heating element is 100  . What is the temperature of the
element if the resistance is found to be 117  given that the temperature coefficient of the material of the
resistor is 1.70 x 10-4 0 C-1.

6. Draw a plot showing the variation of resistivity of a (i) conductor (ii) semiconductor, with the increase in
temperature.

7. State Kirchhoff’s laws of electric circuit and deduce Wheatstone bridge principle from these laws?

8. A number of identical cells, n, each of emf E, internal resistance r, connected in series are charged by a DC
source of emf E1, using a resistor, R.

(i) draw the circuit arrangement.

(ii) deduce the expressions for
(a) the changing current and
(b) the potential difference across the combination of the cells.
9. A number of identical cells, n, each of emf E, internal resistance r, connected in parallel are charged by a
DC source of emf E1, using a resistor, R.

(i) draw the circuit arrangement.

(ii) deduce the expressions for
 (a) the changing current and
(b) the potential difference across the combination of the cells.
10. A conductor of length L is connected to a DC source of potential V. if the length of the conductor is tripled by
gradually stretching it, keeping V constant, how will

(i) drift speed of electrons and

(ii) resistance of the conductor be affected? Justify your answer.
11. Plot a graph showing temperature dependence of resistivity for a typical semiconductor. How is this
behaviour explained?

12. Derive the relation between J, 𝜎 and E/microscopic form of ohm’s law?

13. Derive an expression for drift velocity of free electrons in a conductor in terms of relaxation time.

14. Two metallic wires of the same material have the same length but cross- sectional area is in the ratio 1:2.
They are connected

(i) in series and

(ii) in parallel.
Compare the drift velocities of electrons in the two wires in both the cases.
15. Prove that the current density of a metallic conductor is directly proportional to the drift speed of electrons.
16. State Kirchhoff’s rules. Apply these rules to the loops PRSP and PRQP to write the expressions for the
currents l1, l2 and l3 in given circuit.

17. (i) State Kirchhoff’s rules.

(ii) a battery of 10V and negligible internal resistance is connected across the diagonally opposite corners
of a cubical network consisting of 12 resistors each of 1Ω resistance. Use Kirchhoff’s rules to determine
(a) The equivalent resistance of the network and
(b) The total current in the network.
18. The adjoining graph shows the variation of terminal potential difference V, across a combination of three
cells in series to a resistor versus the current I.

(i) Calculate the emf of each cell.

(ii) For what current l, will the power dissipation of the circuit be maximum?
19. A cell of emf E and internal resistance r is connected across a variable resistor R. Plot a graph showing
variation of terminal voltage V of the cell versus the current I. Using the plot, show the emf of the cell and its
internal resistance can be determined.

20. Distinguish between emf and terminal voltage of a cell having internal resistance r. Draw a plot showing the
variation of terminal voltage (V) versus the current (I) drawn from the cell. Using this plot, show how does
one can determine the internal resistance of the cell.

REVISION SHEET: MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT

1. Using Ampere’s circuital law, obtain an expression for the magnetic field along the axis off a current
carrying solenoid of length l and having N number of turns.
2. A circular coil of radius R, carries a current I. write the expressions for the magnetic field due to this coil at
its centre. Find out the direction of the field.
3. Figure shows a long straight wire of a circular cross- section of radius a carrying steady current l. the
current l is uniformly distributed across this cross- section. Derive the expressions for the magnetic field in
the region r<a and r>a.

4. A long straight wire of a circular cross- section of radius ‘a’ carries a steady current l. the current is uniformly
distributed across the cross- section. Apply Ampere’s circuital law to calculate the magnetic field at a point
in the region for (i) r<a and (ii) r>a.
5. A solenoid of length 1.0 m, has a radius of 1 cm and has a total of 1000 turns wound on it. It carries a
current of 5A. Calculate the magnitude of the axial magnetic field inside the solenoid. If an electron was to
move with a speed of 104 m/s along the axis of this current carrying solenoid, what would be the force
experienced by this section?
6. A long straight wire of a circular cross- section of radius a, carries a steady current l. the current is uniformly
distributed across the cross- section of the wire. Use Ampere’s circuital law to show that the magnetic
field, due to this wire, in the region inside the wire, increases in direct proportion to the distance of the field
point from the axis of the wire. Write the value of this magnetic field on the surface of the wire.
7. State Biot-Savart’s law, expressing it in the vector form. Use it to obtain the expression for the magnetic
field at an axial point, distance d from the centre of a circular coil of radius a carrying current l. also find
the ratio of the magnitudes of the magnetic field of this coil at the centre and at an axial point for which d=
a√3.
8. State Biot-Savart’s law and give the mathematical expression for it.

Use law to derive the expression for the magnetic field due to a circular coil carrying current at a point
along its axis. How does a circular loop carrying current behave as a magnet?

9. Using Ampere’s circuital law obtain the expression for the magnetic field due to a long solenoid at a point
inside the solenoid on its axis.
10. (i) State Ampere’s circuital law.Use it to derive an expression for magnetic field inside, along the axis of
an air cored solenoid.
Sketch the magnetic field lines for a finite solenoid. How are these field lines different from the electric field
lines from an electric dipole?
11. Using Biot-Savart law, deduce an expression for the magnetic field on the axis of a circular current carrying
loop.(ii) Draw the magnetic field lines due to a current carrying loop.
12. A straight wire carrying a current of 12A is bent into a semi-circular arc of radius 2.0 cm as shown. What
is the magnetic field B at 0 due to

(a) straight segments,

(b) the semi-circular arc ?

13. A square coil of side 10 cm has 20 turns and carries a current of 12 A. The coil is suspended vertically
and normal to the plane of the coil, makes an angle θ with the direction of a uniform horizontal magnetic
field of 0.80 T. if the torque, experienced by the coil equals 0.96 N-m, find the value of θ.
14. Define current sensitivity and voltage sensitivity of galvanometer. Increasing the current sensitivity may
not necessarily increase the voltage sensitivity of a galvanometer, justify your answer.
15. Depict the magnetic field lines due to two straight, long, parallel conductors carrying currents l 1 and l2 in
the same direction. Hence, deduce an expression for the force per unit length acting on one of the
conductors due to the other. Is this force attractive or repulsive?
16. State the underlying principle of working of a moving coil galvanometer. Write two reasons why a
galvanometer cannot be used as such to measure the current in a given circuit. Name any two factors on
which the current sensitivity of a galvanometer depends.
17. A moving coil galvanometer of resistance G, gives its full scale deflection when a current l g flows through
its coil. It can be converted into a ammeter of range (0 to I) (l >l g) when a shunt of resistance S is connected
is converted into an ammeter of range 0 to 1, find the expression for the shunt required in terms of l g and
G.
18. A circular coil of 200 turns and radius 10 cm is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.5T, normal to the
plane of the coil. If the current in the coil is 3.0 A, calculate the

(i) total torque on the coil

(ii) total force on the coil
(iii) average force on each electron in the coil, due to the magnetic field. Assume the area of cross- section
of the wire to be 10-5 m2 and the free electron density is 1029/ m3.

19. State using a suitable diagram, the working principle of a moving coil galvanometer. What is the function
of a radial magnetic field and the soft iron core used in it?

(ii) For converting a galvanometer into an ammeter, a shunt resistance of small value is used in parallel,
whereas in the case of a voltmeter a resistance of large value is used in series. Explain why?
20. (i) Explain, giving reasons, the basic difference in converting a galvanometer into (a) a voltmeter and (b)
an ammeter.

(ii) Two long straight parallel conductors carrying steady currents l 1 and l2 in same direction are separated
by a distance d. Explain briefly, with the help of a suitable diagram, how the magnetic field due to one
conductor acts on the other. Hence deduce the expression for the force acting between the two
conductors. Mention the nature of this force.
21. A rectangular loop of size L*b carrying a steady current l is placed in a uniform magnetic field B. Prove
⃗⃗⃗ × 𝐵
that the torque 𝜏 acting on the loop is given by 𝜏⃗ = 𝑀 ⃗⃗ where, M is the magnetic moment of the loop.
22. (i) Show that a planer loop carrying a current l, having N closely wound turns and area of cross- section
A, possesses a magnetic moment M =N I A.

(ii) When this loop is placed in a magnetic field B, find out the expression for the torque acting on it.
(iii) A galvanometer coil of 50Ω resistance shows full scale deflection for a current of 5 mA. How will you
convert this galvanometer into a voltmeter of range o to 15 V?
23. With the help of a diagram, explain the principle and working of a moving coil galvanometer.

(ii) What is the importance of radial magnetic field and how is it produced?
(iii) Why is it that while using a moving coil galvanometer as a voltmeter a high resistance in series is
required whereas in an ammeter a shunt is used?
 ASSIGNMNET
CHAPTER: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND AC

1. State the Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.

The closed loop (PQRS) of wire in moved into a uniform magnetic field at right angles to the plane of the
paper as shown in the figure. Predict the direction of the induced current in the loop.

2. Predict the direction of induced current in metal rings 1 and 2 when current l in the wire is steadily
decreasing?

3. A bar magnet is moved in the direction indicated by the arrow between two coils PQ and CD. Predict the
directions of induced current in each coil.

4. In the given figure, a bar magnet is quickly moved towards a conducting loop having a capacitor. Predict
the polarity of the plates A and B of the capacitor.

5. Predict the polarity of the capacitor in the situation described by adjoining figure. Explain the reason too.

6. A metallic rod of length L is rotated with angular frequency of ω with one-end hinged at the centre and the
other end at the circumference of a circular metallic ring of radius L, about an axis passing through the
centre and perpendicular to the plane of the ring. A constant and uniform magnetic field B parallel to the
axis is present everywhere. Deduce the expression for the emf between the centre and the metallic ring.

7. A magnet is quickly moved in the direction indicated by an arrow between two coils C 1 and C2 as shown
in the figure.
What will be the direction of induced current in each coil as seen form the magnet? Justify your answer.
8. Two identical loops, one of copper and the other of aluminium, are rotated with the same angular speed
in the same magnetic field. Compare
(i) the induced emf and
(ii) the current produced in the two coils. Justify your answer.

9. State the law that gives the polarity of the induced emf.

10. (i) State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.

(ii) A jet plane is travelling towards west at a speed of 1800 km/h. what is the voltage difference developed between
the ends of the wings having a span of 25m, if the earth’s magnetic field at the location has magnitude of 5×10-4T
and the dip angle is 30o?

11. A conducting rod PQ, of length L, connected to a resistor R, is moved at a uniform speed v, normal to a
uniform magnetic field B, as shown in the figure.

(i) Deduce the expression for the emf induced in the conductor.
(ii) Find the force required to move the rod in the magnetic field.
(iii) Mark the direction of induced current in the conductor.

12. Figure shows a rectangular conducting loop PQRS in which arm RS of length l is movable. The loop is
kept in a uniform magnetic field B directed downward perpendicular to the plane of the loop. The arm RS
is moved with a uniform speed v.

Deduce an expression for

(i) The emf induced across the arm RS.
(ii) The external force required to move the arm and
(iii) The power dissipated as heat.

13. Write SI and CGS unit of magnetic flux? Write relation between them?

14. Explain the phenomenon of self induction? Define coefficient of self induction? Calculate self inductance
of long solenoid?

15. Explain the phenomenon of mutual induction? Define coefficient of mutual induction? Calculate mutual
inductance of two long solenoid?

16. How is mutual inductance of a pair of coils affected when

(i) separation between the coils is increased
(ii) number of turns of each coil in increased
(iii) a thin iron sheet is placed between the two coils, other factors remaining the same?
17. The instantaneous current and voltage of an AC circuit are given by I = (10 Sin 314t) A and V = (50 Sin
314t) V. What is the power dissipation in the circuit?

18. The instantaneous current and voltage of an AC circuit are given by I = (10 Sin 314t) A and V = 50 Sin
𝜋
(314𝑡 + 2 ) V. What is the power dissipation in the circuit?

19. (i) Derive an expression for the average power consumed in a series L-C-R circuit connected to AC source
for which the phase difference between the voltage and the current in the circuit is Ø.

(ii) Define the quality factor in an AC circuit. Why should the quality factor have high value in receiving
circuits? Name the factors on which it depends.
20. An AC source of emf, E = E0 Sin ωt is connected across a series combination of an inductor L, a capacitor
C and a resistor R. Obtain an expression for the equivalent impedance (Z) of the circuit and hence, find
the value of ω for the AC source for which Z = R.

21. An AC source generating a voltage, V = VmSinωt is connected to a capacitor of capacitance, C. Find the
expression for the current I, flowing through it. Plot a graph of V and I versus ωt to show that the current
is π/2 ahead to a voltage.

22. (ii) A resistor of 200Ω and a capacitor of 15.0μF are connected in series to a 200V, 50Hz AC source.
Calculate the current in the circuit and the rms voltage across the resistor and the capacitor. Is the
algebraic sum of these voltages more than the source voltage? If yes, resolve the paradox.

23. You are given three circuit elements X,Y and Z. When the element X is connected across an a.c source
of given voltage, the current and the voltage are in the same phase. When the element Y is connected in
𝜋
series with X across the source, voltage is ahead of the current in phase by 4 . But the current is ahead of
𝜋
the voltage in phase by 4 when Z is connected in series with X across the source. Identify the circuit
elements X,Y and Z.
When all the three elements are connected in series across the same source, determine the impedance
of the circuit.
Draw a plot of the current versus the frequency of applied source and mention the significance of this plot.

24. A pure resistor (R) is connected across an a.c source. Draw phasor diagram and show that the current
and voltage are in same phase.
25. A pure resistor (L) is connected across an a.c source. Draw phasor diagram and show that the current
flowing through it lags behind the applied voltage by a phase angle of π/2. Also explain inductive
reactance.
26. A pure resistor (C) is connected across an a.c source. Draw phasor diagram and show that the current
flowing through it leads the applied voltage by a phase angle of π/2. Also explain capacitive reactance.

27. An ac supply E = Eo sinwt is connected to a series combination of L.C and R. Calculate impedance of the
current and discuss the phase relation between voltage and current.

28. (i) Draw a schematic diagram of a step-up transformer. Explain its working principle. Assuming the
transformer to be 100% efficient obtain the relation for
(a) the current in the secondary in terms of the current in the primary, and
(b) the number of turns in the primary and secondary windings.
29. (ii) Mention two important energy losses in actual transformers and state how these can be minimized?

DERIVATIONS
30. How does the term electric resistance differ from ‘impedance’? With the help of suitable phasor diagram,
obtain a relation for impedance in an ac series LCR circuit.

31. State the condition for resonance to occur in a series LCR ac circuit and derive an expression for resonant
frequency. Draw a plot showing the variation of the peak current with frequency of the a.c. circuit.

32. Derive an expression for the average power over a complete cycle of a.c in a non-inductive circuit.
33. Calculate Energy stored in an inductor. Show that average power consumed per cycle in an a.c circuit
containing pure inductor is zero.

34. Derive an expression for the average power in LCR circuit connected to ac supply. Hence define power
factor.

35. Define quality factor of the circuit. Find its expression?

UNIT 5
REVISION SHEETS: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
1. Which constituent radiation of the electromagnetic spectrum is used
i. In radar,
ii. To photograph internal parts of a human body, and
iii. For taking photographs of the sky during the night and foggy conditions?

2. When can a charge act as a source of electromagnetic waves? How are the directions, of the electric and magnetic
field vectors, in an electromagnetic wave, related to each other and to the direction of propagation of the wave?
Which physical quantity, if any, has the same value for waves for waves belonging to the different parts of the
electromagnetic spectrum?

3. The charging current for a capacitor is 0.25 A. What is the displacement current across its plates?

4. In an electromagnetic wave, show that the average energy density of the E field is equal to the average energy
density of the B field.
5. Discuss the inconsistency in Ampere’s circuital law. What modification was made by Maxwell in this law?

6. (a) A radio wave and an infrasonic wave have the same wavelength when travelling through air. Are their frequencies
the same or different? Give a reason for your answer.
(b) An electromagnetic wave traveling east has a magnetic field that oscillates vertically and has a frequency of 60
kHz and an rms strength of 8 × 10−9T. Determine the frequency and the rms strength of the electric field. What is the
direction of the electric field?

7. Electromagnetic waves are believed to carry energy and momentum. Give one illustrative example that proves this
characteristic of em waves.
(b) What is one common function of each of these? Ozone layer, Glass windows, Special glass goggles used while
welding metals
(c) Write an equation that gives the speed of an electromagnetic wave in a material medium in terms of the electric
and magnetic properties of the medium. Compare the speed of the em wave in a material medium and in vacuum.

8. The magnetic field in a plane electromagnetic wave is given by By = (2 × 10–7) T sin (0.5 × 103 x + 1.5 × 1011 t). (a)
What is the wavelength and frequency of the wave? (b) Write an expression for the electric field.

9. A capacitor made of two circular plates each of radius 12 cm, and separated by 5.0 cm. The capacitor is being
charged by an external source. The charging current is constant and equal to 0.15A.
(a) Calculate the capacitance and the rate of change of potential difference between the plates.
(b) Obtain the displacement current across the plates.
(c) Is Kirchhoff’s first rule (junction rule) valid at each plate of the capacitor? Explain.

10. A plane electromagnetic wave travels in vacuum along z-direction. What can you say about the directions of its
electric and magnetic field vectors? If the frequency of the wave is 30 MHz, what is its wavelength?