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Problems in Exergy

This document contains 15 multi-part problems related to exergy and irreversibility involving processes like heat transfer, mixing of substances, and cyclic processes in heat engines and turbines. The problems involve concepts like determining reversible power, irreversibility rate, available energy, maximum useful work, actual and minimum work requirements, and unavailable energy or exergy destruction from processes where heat is transferred or substances are mixed at different temperatures and pressures.

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22 views

Problems in Exergy

This document contains 15 multi-part problems related to exergy and irreversibility involving processes like heat transfer, mixing of substances, and cyclic processes in heat engines and turbines. The problems involve concepts like determining reversible power, irreversibility rate, available energy, maximum useful work, actual and minimum work requirements, and unavailable energy or exergy destruction from processes where heat is transferred or substances are mixed at different temperatures and pressures.

Uploaded by

Mukul .s
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit – 4

Problem Sheet – Exergy

1. A heat engine receives heat from a source at 1200 K at a rate of 500 kW and rejects the
waste heat to a medium at 300 K. The power output of the heat engine is 180 kW.
Determine the reversible power and the irreversibility rate from this process.

2. Air at 1 bar and 27°C is heated in a non-flow system at constant pressure to 177°C.
Heat is supplied from a constant temperature reservoir at 577°C. The atmospheric
temperature is 20°C. What percentage of heat added per kg of air is the available
energy?

3. The exhaust gas leaves an internal combustion engine at 800°C and 1 atm, after having
done 1050 kJ of work per kg of gas in the engine. Take CP of gas as 1.1 kJ/kg K and
temperature of the surroundings as 30°C. (a) How much available energy per kg of
gas is lost by throwing away exhaust gases? (b) What is the ratio of lost available
energy to the engine work?

4. The exhaust gas at 650°C from a boiler is used to heat water. The rate of gas.flow is
1510 kg/min and the rate of water flow is 1890 kg/min. The water enters the heat
exchanger at 35°C, and the gases leave the exchanger at 145°C. Assume that the mean
specific heat of gases and water are 1.088 kJ/kg · K and 4.2 7 kJ/kg · K respectively.
The atmospheric temperature is 2 7°C. Determine the loss of available energy resulting
from heat transfer.

5. 1000 kJ of heat is supplied by hot gases at 1400°C from a fire box. This heat is used to
generate the steam at 250°C. The atmospheric temperature is 20°C. Calculate the
energy as available and unavailable portion (a) as it leaves the hot gases, (b) as it enters
the system.

6. Air in a piston-cylinder arrangement is heated at constant pressure by addition of 100


kJ/kg of air. The air is initially at 28°C while the surroundings is at 21°C. Calculate the
change in availability per kg of air. Take atmospheric pressure of air as 1 bar.

7. A rigid cylinder with a volume of 2.5 m3 contains air at 150 kPa and 27°C. The heat is
transferred to air from a constant-temperature heat source at 1500 K and air in the
cylinder is heated to 700 K. The atmosphere is at 1 bar and l7°C. Calculate the initial
and final availability of air, maximum useful work and irreversibility.

8. Determine the maximum work that can be produced by a steam turbine which has an
inlet state of 3 MPa and 450°C and an outlet state as a dry saturated steam at 0.1 MPa.
The heat transfer with surroundings is at 25°C.

9. The steam at 1000 kPa, 275°C enters a steady flow system with negligible velocity and
leaves at 100 kPa, 120°C with a velocity of 160 m/s. The steam flow rate is 9500 kg/h.
Heat is exchanged with only surroundings at 1 5°C. Determine the maximum possible
power output.

10. 1.5 kg of gas flows through a gas turbine unit from its initial pressure and temperature
of 600 kPa and 1300 K, respectively and exhausts at a pressure of 102 kPa and a
temperature of 600 K to the atmosphere. The atmospheric pressure and temperature
are 100 kPa and 298 K. Calculate availability at the entrance to the gas turbine and
exhaust of the gas turbine. Take necessary assumptions.

11. Air enters a compressor in steady flow manner at 140 kPa, 17°C and 70 m/s and leaves
it at 350 kPa, 127°C and 110 m/s. The environment is at 100 kPa and 7°C. Calculate per
kg of air: (a) Actual amount of work required, (b) The minimum work required, and
(c) The irreversibility of the process.

12. An air compressor receives air at 1 bar and 27°C. It compresses the air to a pressure
of 10 bar, while its temperature reaches 267°C. The compressor rejects 50 kJ/kg of
heat from its body during compression process. Find the actual and reversible work
transfer, and irreversibility in the process.

13. A feedwater heater has 5 kg/s water at 5 MPa, 40°C flowing through it. The water is
heated from two constant temperature sources. One source adds 900 kW from a 100°C
reservoir and the other source adds heat from a 200°C reservoir in such a way that
water is heated to 180°C. Calculate the reversible work and rate of irreversibility. Take
atmospheric temperature as 27°C.

14. 25 kg of water at 90°C is mixed with 40 kg of water at 40°C at constant pressure. The
atmospheric pressure is 1 bar and 20°C. Calculate the decrease in available anergy.

15. 2 kg of water at 50°C is mixed with 3 kg of water at 100°C in a steady flow process.
Calculate the temperature of resulting mixture, state whether the mixing is isentropic?
If not, what is the entropy change and unavailable energy with respect to surroundings
at 50°C?

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