1. Name some CSS frameworks.

CSS frameworks are libraries that make web page styling easier. Some of them are
Foundation, Bootstrap, Gumby, Ukit, Semantic UI, etc.

2. What do you understand by the universal sector?

A universal selector is a selector that matches any element type's name instead of selecting
elements of a particular type.

Example:

<style>

*{

color: blue;

font-size: 10px;

</style>

3. Tell us about the use of the ruleset.

The ruleset is used for the identification of selectors, which can be attached with other
selectors. The two parts of a ruleset are:

 Declaration block: contains one or more semicolon-separated declarations

 Sector: indicates the HTML element needed to be styled

4. What are the elements of the CSS Box Model?

The CSS box model defines the layout and design of CSS elements. The elements are content
(like text and images, padding (the area around content), border (the area around padding),
and margin (the area around the border).

5. Differentiate between CSS3 and CSS2.

The main difference between CSS3 and CSS2 is that CSS divides different sections into
modules and supports many browsers. It also contains new General Sibling Combinators
responsible for matching similar elements.

6. How can CSS be integrated into an HTML page?

There are three ways of integrating CSS into HTML: using style tags in the head section,
using inline-styling, writing CSS in a separate file, and linking into the HTML page by the
link tag.

7. Explain a few advantages of CSS.

With CSS, different documents can be controlled using a single site, styles can be grouped in
complex situations using selectors and grouping methods, and multiple HTML elements can
have classes.

8. What is meant by RGB stream?

RGB represents colors in CSS. The three streams are namely Red, Green, and Blue. The
intensity of colors is represented using numbers 0 to 256. This allows CSS to have a spectrum
of visible colors.

9. What was the purpose of developing CSS?

CSS was developed to define the visual appearances of websites. It allows developers to
separate the structure and content of a website that was not possible before.

10. What is the difference between a class and an ID?

Ans. Class is a way of using HTML elements for styling. They are not unique and have
multiple elements. Whereas ID is unique and it can be assigned to a single element.

11.Name media types allowed by CSS.

The different media types allowed by CSS are:

 speech

 audio

 visual

 tactile media

 continuous or paged media

 grip media or bitmap

 interactive media

12. How can you use CSS to control image repetition?

The background-repeat property is used to control the image. Example:

h3 {

background-repeat: none;

13.What are the limitations of CSS?

1. CSS cannot always assure compatibility with every browser; you need to be
cautious while choosing the style selector.

2. The parent selector tag is not available, thus you can’t select the parent selector
tag.
 3. Some selectors can lead to cross-browser issues due to their less browser-friendly
behavior.

4. We cannot request a webpage through CSS.

14. How to include CSS in the webpage?

1. With the help of a link tag, you can include an external style sheet file as a CSS
file into your HTML file.

2. You can add CSS styles included within your HTML page and write it in the
stand-alone stylesheet form of CSS.

3. CSS can be included directly in the HTML tag by adding an inline style to HTML
elements.

4. One can import an external stylesheet file as a new CSS file by using the @import
rule.

15. What is the difference between inline, inline-block, and block?

1. Block Elements are <div> and <p>. They usually start on a new line and can take
space for an entire row or width.
2. Inline elements are <a>, <span>, <strong>, and <img> tags. They don't start on a new
line. However, they appear on the same line as the content and tags beside them.
3. Inline block elements have padding and margins and set height and width values.
Though, they are similar to inline elements.

16.Is it important to test the webpage in different browsers?

Yes, it is the most crucial thing or the most important trial to do when you design a webpage
for the first time and make changes to it. Testing your website periodically in different
browsers will help you make every webpage compatible with it as browsers have been going
through many updates.

17. What are Pseudo classes?

Pseudo-classes are the type of pseudo-elements that don’t exist in a normal document tree. It
allows selecting the regular elements under certain conditions especially when we try to
hover over the link; the anchor tags are :link, :visited, :hover, :active, :focus

In this example, the color will be red on the anchor tag when it’s hovered.

/* mouse over link */

a:hover {

color: #FFOOFF;

18. How do you specify units in the CSS? What are the different ways to do it?

There are mainly four different units in the CSS that are px, em, pt, and percentage (%).

1. Px (Pixel) is used for fine-grained control and alignment and not cascade. To get it sharp,
we can use 1px or multiple of px.

2. Em is used to maintain relative size and responsive fonts. 1em = 16px having also the
same font size. It is advisable to set the font size to 10px in common practice.

3. Pt (point) is a fixed-size unit that is used in print. 1pt = 1/72 inch.

4. Percentage (%) is used to set the font size with respect to the font size of the body. Thus, it
is necessary to set the reasonable font size of the body.

19. Does margin-top or margin-bottom have an effect on inline elements?

No, mMargin-top or margin-bottom does not have an effect on the inline elements.

20. What property is used for changing the font face?

The font-family property is used for changing the font face that is applied to the element in
the DOM.
21. What are the differences between adaptive design and responsive design?

 Adaptive Design:

 Main focus is to develop a website in multiple fixed layout sizes.

 Offers good control over the design to develop variation in screens.

 It is very time-consuming and takes a lot of effort to build the best possible adaptive
design as examining it will need to go for many options with respect to the realities of the
end user.

 There are six standard screen sizes for the appropriate layouts; they are 320px, 480px,
760px, 960px, 1200px, 1600px to design.

 Responsive Design

 Main focus is to show content with respect to browser space.

 Offers less control over the design.

 It takes less time to build the design and there is no screen size issue irrespective of
content.

 It uses CSS media queries to design the screen layouts with respect to specific devices and
property changes in the screen.

22. How are the CSS selectors matched against the elements by the browser?

Initially, there is a filtration of elements in the DOM via browsers with respect to key
selectors that are traversed until we get parents' elements to determine the matches. Then the
browser works on finding all the span elements present in the DOM and traverses them to
parent elements to check whether they are matched to paragraph p elements. At last, when the
browser finds all matches as parents, the matching process will be stopped and there will be
black color applied to the content.