RESEARCH ARTICLE

European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences

www.ejfood.org

figures and tables.

Preparation of Papers
C. for
Figures
As said, to insert images in Word, position the cursor at
European Journal of Agriculture and
the insertion pointFood
and eitherSciences
use Insert | Picture | From File
or copy the image to the Windows clipboard and then Edit |
(EJFOOD)Paste Special | Picture (with “Float over text” unchecked).
The authors of the accepted manuscripts will be given a
copyright form and the form should accompany your final
First A. Author, Second B. Author
submission.

ABSTRACT III. MATH

If you
(Please read carefully abstract of the template). These instructions areyou
give using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation
guidelines for preparing papers for this journal. Paper SetupEditor or in
must be theA4MathType add-on (http://www.mathtype.com)
size with Margin: Top 1.78 cm, Bottom 1.78 cm, Left 1.78for cm,equations
Right 1.65in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New |
cm, Gutter 0 cm, and Gutter Position Top. Paper must be in two Columns
Microsoft Equation or MathType Equation). “Float over
after Authors Name with Width 8.59 cm, Spacing 0.51 cm. Whole paper
text” should not be selected.
must be with: Font Name Times New Roman, Font Size 10, Line Spacing
1.05 EXCEPT Abstract, Keywords (Index Term), Paper Tile, References,
Author Profile (in the last page of the paper, maximum 400 words), All
Headings, and Manuscript Details (First Page, Bottom, left side). Paper IV. UNITS
Title must be in Font Size 20 with Single Line Spacing. Authors Name must
Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units
be in Font Size 11, Before Spacing 0, After Spacing 16, with Single Line
are
Spacing. Please do not write Author e-mail or author address in strongly
the place encouraged.) English units may be used as
of Authors name. Authors e-mail, and their Address details must be in the (in parentheses). This applies to papers in
secondary units
Manuscript details. Abstract and Keywords (Index Term) must data be in FontFor example, write “15 Gb/cm 2 (100 Gb/in2).”
storage.
Size 9, Bold, Italic with Single Line Spacing. All MAIN HEADING must beis when English units are used as identifiers in
An exception
in Upper Case, Centre, and Roman Numbering (I, II, III…etc), Before
trade, such as “3½ in disk drive.” Avoid combining SI and
Spacing 12, After Spacing 6, with single line spacing. All Sub Heading must
CGS units, such as current in amperes and magnetic field in
be in Title Case, Left 0.25 cm, Italic, and Alphabet Numbering (A, B, C…
etc), Before Spacing 6, After Spacing 4, with Single oersteds. This often leads to confusion because equations do
Line Spacing.
not balance
Manuscript Details must be in Font Size 8, in the Bottom, First Page, and dimensionally. If you must use mixed units,
Left Side with Single Line Spacing. References must be in Font Size 8, units for each quantity in an equation.
clearly state the
Hanging 0.25 with single line spacing. Author Profile must beThe in Font
SI Size
unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m.
8, with single line spacing. However, if you wish to use units of T, either refer to
magnetic flux density B or magnetic field strength
symbolized
Keywords: About four key words or phrases in alphabetical as µ0H. Use the center dot to separate compound
order,
separated by commas. units, e.g., “A·m2.”

I. INTRODUCTION
Highlight a section that you want to designate with a V. HELPFUL HINTS
certain style, then select the appropriate name on the style A. Figures and Tables
menu. The style will adjust your fonts and line spacing. Do Because the final formatting of your paper is limited in
not change the font sizes or line spacing to squeeze more scale, you need to position figures and tables at the top and
text into a limited number of pages. Use italics for bottom of each column. Large figures and tables may span
emphasis; do not underline. both columns. Place figure captions below the figures; place
To insert images in Word, position the cursor at the table titles above the tables. If your figure has two parts,
insertion point and either use Insert | Picture | From File or include the labels “(a)” and “(b)” as part of the artwork.
copy the image to the Windows clipboard and then Edit | Please verify that the figures and tables you mention in the
Paste Special | Picture (with “Float over text” unchecked). text actually exist. Do not put borders around the outside
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND of your figures. Use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at the
FOOD SCIENCES reserves the right to do the final beginning of a sentence. Do not abbreviate “Table.” Tables
formatting of your paper. are numbered with Roman numerals.
Include a note with your final paper indicating that you
request color printing. Do not use color unless it is
II. PROCEDURE FOR PAPER SUBMISSION necessary for the proper interpretation of your figures.
A. Review Stage Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use
Submit your manuscript electronically for review. words rather than symbols. As an example, write the
quantity “Magnetization,” or “Magnetization M,” not just
B. Final Stage “M.” Put units in parentheses. Do not label axes only with
When you submit your final version, after your paper has units. As in Fig. 1, for example, write “Magnetization
been accepted, prepare it in two-column format, including (A/m)” or “Magnetization (A¿ m1),” not just “A/m.” Do not

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 RESEARCH ARTICLE
European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences
www.ejfood.org

label axes with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, should not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N. R. S.”
write “Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.” Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they are
Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write unavoidable (for example, “European Journal of
“Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (10 3 A/m).” Do Engineering Research and Science” in the title of this
not write “Magnetization (A/m)  1000” because the reader article).
would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant
D. Equations
16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be legible,
approximately 8 to 12 point type. Number equations consecutively with equation numbers
in parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First use
TABLE I: THE ARRANGEMENT OF CHANNELS the equation editor to create the equation. Then select the
Channels Group 1 Group 2 … Group c “Equation” markup style. Press the tab key and write the
Main channel Channel 1 Channel 2 … Channel c equation number in parentheses. To make your equations
Assistant channel Channel 2 Channel 3 … Channel 1 more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp
function, or appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to avoid
ambiguities in denominators. Punctuate equations when they
are part of a sentence, as in

r2
∫0 F (r , ϕ ) dr dϕ=[σr 2 ¿ (2 μ0 )]
∞
⋅∫ 0 exp(− λ|z j −z i| ) λ−1 J 1 ( λ r 2 ) J 0 ( λ r i ) dλ .
(1)

Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been

defined before the equation appears or immediately
Fig. 1. Magnetization as a function of applied field. following. Italicize symbols (T might refer to temperature,
but T is the unit tesla). Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or
B. References “equation (1),” except at the beginning of a sentence:
“Equation (1) is ... .”
Number citations consecutively in square brackets [1].
The sentence punctuation follows the brackets [2]. Multiple E. Other Recommendations
references [2], [3] are each numbered with separate brackets Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate
[1]–[3]. When citing a section in a book, please give the complex modifiers: “zero-field-cooled magnetization.”
relevant page numbers [2]. In sentences, refer simply to the Avoid dangling participles, such as, “Using (1), the potential
reference number, as in [3]. Do not use “Ref. [3]” or was calculated.” [It is not clear who or what used (1).] Write
“reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence: instead, “The potential was calculated by using (1),” or
“Reference [3] shows ... .” Number footnotes separately in “Using (1), we calculated the potential.”
superscripts (Insert | Footnote).1 Place the actual footnote at Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use
the bottom of the column in which it is cited; do not put “cm3,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm 
footnotes in the reference list (endnotes). Use letters for 0.2 cm,” not “0.1  0.2 cm2.” The abbreviation for
table footnotes (see Table I). “seconds” is “s,” not “sec.” Do not mix complete spellings
Please note that the references at the end of this document and abbreviations of units: use “Wb/m2” or “webers per
are in the preferred referencing style. Give all authors’ square meter,” not “webers/m2.” When expressing a range of
names; do not use “et al.” unless there are six authors or values, write “7 to 9” or “7-9,” not “7~9.”
more. Use a space after authors' initials. Papers that have not A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is
been published should be cited as “unpublished” [4]. Papers punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A
that have been submitted for publication should be cited as parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the parentheses.)
“submitted for publication” [5]. Papers that have been In American English, periods and commas are within
accepted for publication, but not yet specified for an issue quotation marks, like “this period.” Other punctuation is
should be cited as “to be published” [6]. Please give “outside”! Avoid contractions; for example, write “do not”
affiliations and addresses for private communications [7]. instead of “don’t.” The serial comma is preferred: “A, B,
Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for and C” instead of “A, B and C.”
proper nouns and element symbols. For papers published in If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or
translation journals, please give the English citation first, plural and use the active voice (“I observed that ...” or “We
followed by the original foreign-language citation [8]. observed that ...” instead of “It was observed that ...”).
C. Abbreviations and Acronyms Remember to check spelling. If your native language is not
Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are English, please get a native English-speaking colleague to
used in the text, even after they have already been defined in proofread your paper.
the abstract. Abbreviations such as SI, ac, and dc do not
have to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate periods
1
It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the unnumbered footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to integrate the
footnote information into the text.

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 RESEARCH ARTICLE
European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences
www.ejfood.org

VI. SOME COMMON MISTAKES editors of the scientific and technical merit of a paper;
The word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript for the standards of proof are higher when extraordinary or
the permeability of vacuum µ0 is zero, not a lowercase letter unexpected results are reported.
“o.” The term for residual magnetization is “remanence”; 4) Because replication is required for scientific progress,
the adjective is “remanent”; do not write “remnance” or papers submitted for publication must provide sufficient
“remnant.” Use the word “micrometer” instead of “micron.” information to allow readers to perform similar
A graph within a graph is an “inset,” not an “insert.” The experiments or calculations and use the reported results.
word “alternatively” is preferred to the word “alternately” Although not everything need be disclosed, a paper
(unless you really mean something that alternates). Use the must contain new, useable, and fully described
word “whereas” instead of “while” (unless you are referring information. For example, a specimen's chemical
to simultaneous events). Do not use the word “essentially” composition need not be reported if the main purpose of
to mean “approximately” or “effectively.” Do not use the a paper is to introduce a new measurement technique.
word “issue” as a euphemism for “problem.” When Authors should expect to be challenged by reviewers if
compositions are not specified, separate chemical symbols the results are not supported by adequate data and
by en-dashes; for example, “NiMn” indicates the critical details.
intermetallic compound Ni0.5Mn0.5 whereas “Ni–Mn”
indicates an alloy of some composition NixMn1-x. IX. CONCLUSION
Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones A conclusion section is not required. Although a
“affect” (usually a verb) and “effect” (usually a noun), conclusion may review the main points of the paper, do not
“complement” and “compliment,” “discreet” and “discrete,” replicate the abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might
“principal” (e.g., “principal investigator”) and “principle” elaborate on the importance of the work or suggest
(e.g., “principle of measurement”). Do not confuse “imply” applications and extensions.
and “infer.”
Prefixes such as “non,” “sub,” “micro,” “multi,” and APPENDIX
“"ultra” are not independent words; they should be joined to Appendixes, if needed, appear before the
the words they modify, usually without a hyphen. There is acknowledgment.
no period after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation “et al.” (it
is also italicized). The abbreviation “i.e.,” means “that is,” ACKNOWLEDGMENT
and the abbreviation “e.g.,” means “for example” (these
The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in
abbreviations are not italicized).
American English is without an “e” after the “g.” Use the
An excellent style manual and source of information for
singular heading even if you have many acknowledgments.
science writers is [9].
Avoid expressions such as “One of us (S.B.A.) would like to
thank ... .” Instead, write “F. A. Author thanks ... .” Sponsor
and financial support acknowledgments are placed in the
VII. EDITORIAL POLICY
unnumbered footnote on the first page.
The submitting author is responsible for obtaining
agreement of all coauthors and any consent required from REFERENCES
sponsors before submitting a paper. It is the obligation of the (Periodical style)
authors to cite relevant prior work. [1] S. Chen, B. Mulgrew, and P. M. Grant, “A clustering technique for
Authors of rejected papers may revise and resubmit them digital communications channel equalization using radial basis
to the journal again. function networks,” IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, vol. 4, pp. 570-
578, July 1993.
[2] J. U. Duncombe, “Infrared navigation—Part I: An assessment of
feasibility,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-11, pp. 34-39,
VIII. PUBLICATION PRINCIPLES Jan. 1959.
[3] C. Y. Lin, M. Wu, J. A. Bloom, I. J. Cox, and M. Miller, “Rotation,
The contents of the journal are peer-reviewed and scale, and translation resilient public watermarking for images,” IEEE
archival. The European Journal of Engineering Research Trans. Image Process., vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 767-782, May 2001.
(Book style)
and Science publishes scholarly articles of archival value as [4] A. Cichocki and R. Unbehaven, Neural Networks for Optimization
well as tutorial expositions and critical reviews of classical and Signal Processing, 1st ed. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley, 1993, ch. 2,
subjects and topics of current interest. pp. 45-47.
[5] W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems, Belmont, CA:
Authors should consider the following points: Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123-135.
1) Technical papers submitted for publication must [6] H. Poor, An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation; New
advance the state of knowledge and must cite relevant York: Springer-Verlag, 1985, ch. 4.
(Book style with paper title and editor)
prior work.
[7] R. A. Scholtz, “The Spread Spectrum Concept,” in Multiple Access,
2) The length of a submitted paper should be N. Abramson, Ed. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 1993, ch. 3, pp. 121-
commensurate with the importance, or appropriate to 123.
the complexity, of the work. For example, an obvious [8] G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics,” in Plastics,
2nd ed. vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15-
extension of previously published work might not be 64.
appropriate for publication or might be adequately (Published Conference Proceedings style)
treated in just a few pages. [9] M. B. Kasmani, “A Socio-linguistic Study of Vowel Harmony in Pers
ian (Different Age Groups Use of Vowel Harmony Perspective,” Inter
3) Authors must convince both peer reviewers and the

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 RESEARCH ARTICLE
European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences
www.ejfood.org

national Proceedings of Economics Development and Research, ed. C

hen Dan, pp. 359-366, vol. 26, Singapore, 2011. (All authors should include biographies with photo at the end of
[10] W. D. Doyle, “Magnetization reversal in films with biaxial regular papers.)
anisotropy,” in Proc. 1987 INTERMAG Conf., 1987, pp. 2.2-1-2.2-6.
(Presented Conference Paper style)
[11] G. W. Juette and L. E. Zeffanella, “Radio noise currents n short First A. Author and the other authors may include
sections on bundle conductors,” presented at the IEEE Summer Power biographies at the end of regular papers. The first
Meeting, Dallas, TX, June 22-27, 1990. paragraph may contain a place and/or date of birth
(Thesis or Dissertation style) (list place, then date). Next, the author’s educational
[12] J. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Author’s formal
background is listed. The degrees should be listed
Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, 1993. photo
with type of degree in what field, which institution,
[13] N. Kawasaki, “Parametric study of thermal and chemical city, state or country, and year degree was earned.
nonequilibrium nozzle flow,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Electron. Eng., The author’s major field of study should be lower-
Osaka Univ., Osaka, Japan, 1993. cased.
(Patent style) The second paragraph uses the pronoun of the
[14] J. P. Wilkinson, “Nonlinear resonant circuit devices,” U.S. Patent 3 person (he or she) and not the author’s last name. It lists military and work
624 12, July 16, 1990. experience, including summer and fellowship jobs. Job titles are
(Standards style) capitalized. The current job must have a location; previous positions may
[15] Letter Symbols for Quantities, ANSI Standard Y10.5-1968. be listed without one. Information concerning previous publications may be
(Handbook style) included. Try not to list more than three books or published articles. The
[16] Transmission Systems for Communications, 3rd ed., Western Electric format for listing publishers of a book within the biography is: title of book
Co., Winston-Salem, NC, 1985, pp. 44-60. (city, state: publisher name, year) similar to a reference. Current and
[17] Motorola Semiconductor Data Manual, Motorola Semiconductor previous research interests ends the paragraph.
Products Inc., Phoenix, AZ, 1989. The third paragraph begins with the author’s title and last name
(Journal Online Sources style) (e.g., Dr. Smith, Prof. Jones, Mr. Kajor, Ms. Hunter). List any memberships
[18] R. J. Vidmar. (August 1992). On the use of atmospheric plasmas as in professional societies other than the IAENG. Finally, list any awards and
electromagnetic reflectors. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. [Online]. 21(3). work for committees and publications. If a photograph is provided, the
pp. 876-880. Available: biography will be indented around it. The photograph is placed at the top
http://www.halcyon.com/pub/journals/21ps03-vidmar left of the biography. Personal hobbies will be deleted from the biography.

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