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8.4 Strong and Weak Acids and Bases

This document discusses strong and weak acids and bases. It explains that strong acids and bases fully dissociate in water, whereas weak acids and bases only partially dissociate. Strong acids are good proton donors with weak conjugate bases, and strong bases are good proton acceptors with weak conjugate acids. Strong acids and bases of equal concentration have higher conductivity than weak acids and bases due to greater ionization. Six strong acids and seven strong bases are listed. The document also discusses distinguishing strong from weak acids and bases based on reaction rates and conductivity.

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71 views17 pages

8.4 Strong and Weak Acids and Bases

This document discusses strong and weak acids and bases. It explains that strong acids and bases fully dissociate in water, whereas weak acids and bases only partially dissociate. Strong acids are good proton donors with weak conjugate bases, and strong bases are good proton acceptors with weak conjugate acids. Strong acids and bases of equal concentration have higher conductivity than weak acids and bases due to greater ionization. Six strong acids and seven strong bases are listed. The document also discusses distinguishing strong from weak acids and bases based on reaction rates and conductivity.

Uploaded by

lobna masadeh
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TOPIC 8

ACIDS AND BASES


8.4
Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
ESSENTIAL IDEA
The pH depends on the concentration of the solution.
The strength of acids or bases depends on the extent to
which they dissociate in aqueous solution.
NATURE OF SCIENCE (1.8)
Improved instrumentation – the use of advanced analytical techniques has
allowed the relative strength of different acids and bases to be quantified.
NATURE OF SCIENCE (3.1)
Looking for trends and discrepancies – patterns and anomalies in relative
strengths of acids and bases can be explained at the molecular level.
NATURE OF SCIENCE (1.9)
The outcomes of experiments or models may be used as further evidence
for a claim – data for a particular type of reaction supports the idea that
weak acids exist in equilibrium.
THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE
The strength of an acid can be
determined by the use of pH and
conductivity probes. In what ways do
technologies, which extend our
senses, change or reinforce our view
of the world?
UNDERSTANDING/KEY IDEA
8.4.A

Strong and weak acids and


bases differ in the extent of
ionization.
UNDERSTANDING/KEY IDEA
8.4.B

A strong acid is a good proton


donor and has a weak conjugate
base.
UNDERSTANDING/KEY IDEA
8.4.C

A strong base is a good proton


acceptor and has a weak
conjugate acid.
 A strong acid completely ionizes or
dissociates and the equilibrium lies far to
the right.
 A strong acid has a weak conjugate base.
Its conjugate base is weaker than water
because the water molecules win the
competition for the H+ ions.
 A weak acid ionizes or dissociates only to a
small extent. Its equilibrium lies far to the
left and most of the acid is still present as
HA at equilibrium.
 A weak acid has a strong conjugate base
which is much stronger than water. This
means the water is not very successful in
pulling off the H+ ions.
UNDERSTANDING/KEY IDEA
8.4.D

Strong acids and bases of equal


concentrations have higher
conductivities than weak acids
and bases.
 Strong acids and bases are high electrical
conductors because they dissociate almost
completely into ions.
 Weak acids and bases only dissociate to a
small extent into ions so they are weak
electrical conductors.
SIX STRONG ACIDS
 HCl
 HBr % ionization = amount ionized x 100
 HI initial concentration
 HNO3
 H2SO4
 HClO4

 A strong acid completely dissociates or ionizes in water.


 If the acid is not listed above, it is then considered a
weak acid.
SEVEN STRONG BASES
 LiOH Sr(OH)2
 NaOH Ba(OH)2
 KOH Ca(OH)2***
 RbOH calcium hydroxide is only

 CsOH slightly soluble

 Strong bases completely ionize in water.


 Bases not listed above are considered weak.
APPLICATIONS/SKILLS

Be able to distinguish between strong


and weak acids and bases in terms of the
rates of their reactions with metals, metal
oxides, metal hydroxides, metal hydrogen
carbonates and metal carbonates and
their electrical conductivities for
solutions of equal concentrations.
 Strong acids and bases contain a higher
concentration of ions which can be used as a
means of distinguishing between them.
 The more ions present, the higher the electrical
conductivity.
 Stronger acids react faster because more H+
ions are present. (qualitative only)
 The pH scale can be used to determine
acid/base strength.
 The reactions outlined in ppt 8.2 are the
ones referenced in the Applications/Skills
slide.
 Strong acids and bases dissociate into
more ions than their weak counterparts so
the reactions using strong acids and bases
will be more vigorous thus allowing you to
qualitatively distinguish between a strong
and a weak acid or base.
Citations
International Baccalaureate Organization. Chemistry Guide, First
assessment 2016. Updated 2015.

Brown, Catrin, and Mike Ford. Higher Level Chemistry. 2nd ed.
N.p.: Pearson Baccalaureate, 2014. Print.

Most of the information found in this power point comes directly


from this textbook.

The power point has been made to directly complement the Higher
Level Chemistry textbook by Catrin and Brown and is used for direct
instructional purposes only.

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