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Method of Variation of Parameter

1) The document solves three equations using the method of variation of parameters. 2) It finds the complementary and particular solutions to get the general solution for each equation. 3) The equations involve second order linear differential equations with non-homogeneous terms involving common functions like e^x, sec^2(x), tan(x).

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nidhikoshalia
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31 views

Method of Variation of Parameter

1) The document solves three equations using the method of variation of parameters. 2) It finds the complementary and particular solutions to get the general solution for each equation. 3) The equations involve second order linear differential equations with non-homogeneous terms involving common functions like e^x, sec^2(x), tan(x).

Uploaded by

nidhikoshalia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q.

1 Solve the equation by variation of Parameter


y’’(x)-5y’(x)+6*y(x)=2ⅇ x
In[1]:= eqn1 = D[D[y[x], x], x] - 5 * D[y[x], x] + 6 * y[x] ⩵ 0
Out[1]= 6 y[x] - 5 y′ [x] + y′′ [x] ⩵ 0

In[2]:= yc = DSolve[eqn1, y[x], x]


Out[2]= y[x] → ⅇ2 x C[1] + ⅇ3 x C[2]

In[3]:= y1 = Exp[2 * x]
Out[3]= ⅇ2 x

In[4]:= y2 = Exp[3 * x]
Out[4]= ⅇ3 x

In[5]:= w = Wronskian[{y1, y2}, x]


Out[5]= ⅇ5 x

In[6]:= r = 2 * Exp[x]
Out[6]= 2 ⅇx

In[7]:= v1 = Integrate- y2 * r  w, x


Out[7]= 2 ⅇ-x

In[8]:= 2 ⅇ-x
v2 = Integratey1 * r  w, x
Out[8]= 2 ⅇ-x

Out[9]= - ⅇ-2 x

In[10]:= yp = y1 * v1 + y2 * v2
Out[10]= ⅇx

In[11]:= Sol = yc + yp
Out[11]= ⅇx + y[x] → ⅇ2 x C[1] + ⅇ3 x C[2]

In[12]:=

ClearAll
Out[12]= ClearAll

Q .2 Solve the equation by variation of Parameter


p
y '' (x) + 4 * y (x) = sec ^ 2 (x)

In[13]:= eqn2 = D[D[y[x], x], x] + 4 * y[x] ⩵ 0


Out[13]= 4 y[x] + y′′ [x] ⩵ 0
2 aysha.nb

In[14]:= yc = DSolve[eqn2, y[x], x]


Out[14]= {{y[x] → C[1] Cos[2 x] + C[2] Sin[2 x]}}

In[15]:= y1 = Cos[2 * x]
Out[15]= Cos[2 x]

In[16]:= y2 = Sin[2 * x]
Out[16]= Sin[2 x]

In[18]:= w = Wronskian[{y1, y2}, x]


Out[18]= 2

In[19]:= r = Sec[x] * Sec[x]


Out[19]= Sec[x]2

In[20]:= v1 = Integrate- y2 * r  w, x


Out[20]= Log[Cos[x]]

In[21]:= v2 = Integratey1 * r  w, x

Out[21]=
1 2 x - Tan[x]
2

In[22]:= yp = y1 * v1 + y2 * v2

Out[22]= Cos[2 x] Log[Cos[x]] + 1 Sin[2 x] 2 x - Tan[x]


2

In[23]:= Solution = yc + yp

Out[23]= Cos[2 x] Log[Cos[x]] + y[x] → C[1] Cos[2 x] + C[2] Sin[2 x] + 1 Sin[2 x] 2 x - Tan[x]
2

In[24]:= ClearAll
Out[24]= ClearAll

Q .3 Solve the equation by variation of Parameter


y '' (x) + y (x) = tan (x)

In[25]:= eqn1 = D[D[y[x], x], x] + y[x] ⩵ 0


Out[25]= y[x] + y′′ [x] ⩵ 0

In[26]:= yc = DSolve[eqn1, y[x], x]


Out[26]= {{y[x] → C[1] Cos[x] + C[2] Sin[x]}}

In[27]:= y1 = Cos[x]
Out[27]= Cos[x]

In[28]:= y2 = Sin[x]
Out[28]= Sin[x]
aysha.nb 3

w = Wronskian[{y1, y2}, x]
1

In[29]:= r = Tan[x]
Out[29]= Tan[x]

In[30]:= v1 = Integrate- y2 * r  w, x

Out[30]=
1 LogCos x  - Sin x  - LogCos x  + Sin x  + Sin[x]
2 2 2 2 2

In[31]:= v2 = Integratey2 * r  w, x

Out[31]=
1 - LogCos x  - Sin x  + LogCos x  + Sin x  - Sin[x]
2 2 2 2 2

In[32]:= yp = y1 * v1 + y2 * v2

Out[32]=
1 - LogCos x  - Sin x  + LogCos x  + Sin x  - Sin[x] Sin[x] +
2 2 2 2 2
1 Cos[x] LogCos x  - Sin x  - LogCos x  + Sin x  + Sin[x]
2 2 2 2 2

In[33]:= sol = yc + yp
Out[33]= y[x] → C[1] Cos[x] + C[2] Sin[x] +
1 - LogCos x  - Sin x  + LogCos x  + Sin x  - Sin[x] Sin[x] +
2 2 2 2 2
1 Cos[x] LogCos x  - Sin x  - LogCos x  + Sin x  + Sin[x]
2 2 2 2 2

In[40]:= ClearAll
Out[40]= ClearAll

Q .3 Solve the equation by variation of Parameter


y '' (x) - 2 y ' (x) = e ^ x.sin (x)

In[53]:= eqn4 = D[D[y[x], x], x] - 2 * D[y[x], x] ⩵ 0


Out[53]= - 2 y′ [x] + y′′ [x] ⩵ 0

In[54]:= yc = DSolve[eqn4, y[x], x]

Out[54]= y[x] → 1 ⅇ2 x C[1] + C[2]


2

In[55]:= y1 = 1  2 * Exp[2 * x]

Out[55]=
ⅇ2 x
2

In[56]:= y2 = 1
Out[56]= 1

In[57]:= w = Wronskian[{y1, y2}, x]


Out[57]= - ⅇ2 x
4 aysha.nb

In[58]:= r = Exp[x] * Sin[x]


Out[58]= ⅇx Sin[x]

In[59]:= v1 = Integrate- y2 * r  w, x

Out[59]= - 1 ⅇ-x Cos[x] + Sin[x]


2

In[60]:= v2 = Integratey1 * r  w, x

Out[60]= - 1 ⅇx - Cos[x] + Sin[x]


4

In[61]:= yp = y1 * v1 + y2 * v2

Out[61]= - 1 ⅇx - Cos[x] + Sin[x] - 1 ⅇx Cos[x] + Sin[x]


4 4

In[62]:= sol = yc + yp

Out[62]= y[x] → 1 ⅇ2 x C[1] + C[2] - 1 ⅇx - Cos[x] + Sin[x] - 1 ⅇx Cos[x] + Sin[x]


2 4 4

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