Revised Ordinance Governing Regulations and

Curriculum of

B.Sc. OPTOMETRY COURSE- 2019

Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka,Bangalore

 The Emblem

The Emblem of the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences is a symbolic expression
of the confluence of both Eastern and Western Health Sciences. A central wand with
entwined snakes symbolises Greek and Roman Gods of Health called Hermis and
Mercury is adapted as symbol of modern medical science. The pot above depicts
Amrutha Kalasham of Dhanvanthri the father of all Health Sciences. The wings above it
depicts Human Soul called Hamsa (Swan) in Indian philosophy. The rising Sun at the
top symbolises knowledge and enlightenment. The two twigs of leaves in western
philosophy symbolises Olive branches, which is an expression of Peace, Love and
Harmony. In Hindu Philosophy it depicts the Vanaspathi (also called as Oushadi) held
in the hands of Dhanvanthri, which are the source of all Medicines. The lamp at the
bottom depicts human energy (kundalini). The script “Devahitham Yadayahu” inside the
lamp is taken from Upanishath Shanth i Manthram (Bhadram Karnebh i
Shrunuyanadev…), which says “May we live the full span of our lives allotted by God in
perfect health” which is the motto of the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences.
REVISED ORDINANCE GOVERNING REGULATIONS &
CURRICULUM OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN OPTOMETRY-
2019

1. ELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSION

A candidate desiring to join the four years programme leading to the B.Sc. Optometry degree
a. should have passed the Two year Pre University examination conducted by Department of
Pre University Education, Karnataka State with English as one of the subjects and Physics,
Chemistry , Biology / Maths as optional subjects. The candidate shall have passed the
subjects of English, Physics, Chemistry, Biology / Maths individually also.
OR
b. Shall have passed any other examination conducted by Boards/Councils/Intermediate
examination established by State Governments/Central Government and recognized as
equivalent to two year Pre University examination by the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health
Sciences/Association of Indian Universities (AIU) with English as one of the subjects and
Physics, Chemistry and Biology as optional Subjects and the candidate shall have passed
subjects of English, Physics, Chemistry, Biology / Maths individually also.
c. Shall have passed Intermediate examination in Science of an Indian University/Board/Council
or other recognized examining bodies with Physics, Chemistry and Biology, which shall
include a practical test in these subjects and also English as compulsory subject. The
candidate shall have passed subjects of English, Physics, Chemistry, Biology / Maths
individually also.
d. Shall have passed first year of the three year degree course of a recognized University with
Physics, Chemistry and Biology including a practical test in these subjects provided the
examination is an ‘University Examination’ provided that the candidate shall have passed
subjects of English, Physics, Chemistry, Biology / Maths individually in the pre university or
other examinations mentioned in the clauses above.
e. Shall have passed B.Sc. Examination of an Indian University, provided that he/she has
passed the B.Sc. examination with not less than two of the following subjects : Physics,
Chemistry, Biology (Botany, Zoology) provided the candidate has passed subjects of English,
Physics, Chemistry Biology / Maths individually in the qualifying examinations mentioned in
clauses a, b and c.
f. Candidates with two years diploma from a recognized Government Board in Optometry shall
have passed class 12 [10+2] with Physics, Chemistry and Biology, as subjects or candidates
 with 3 years diploma from a recognized Government Board in Optometry should have studied
Physics, Biology and Chemistry as subjects during the tenure of the course.

Lateral entry to second year of B.Sc.Optometry for candidates who have passed diploma program
from the Government Boards and recognized by RGUHS, fulfilling the conditions specified above
under Sl. No. 5 and these students are eligible to take admission on lateral entry system only in
the same subject studied at diploma level from the academic year 2008-09 vide RGUHS
Notification no. AUTH/AHS/317/2008-09 dated: 01.08.2008
Note:
a. The candidate shall have passed individually in each of the subjects.
b. Candidates who have completed diploma or vocational course through Correspondence shall not
be eligible for any of the courses mentioned above

1.2 AGE: A candidate should have completed the age of 17 years as on 31st December of the year of
admission.

1.3 SELECTION
Selection of the candidates should be based on the merit in the entrance examination held by the
University or competent authority.

2. DURATION OF THE COURSE

The student shall undergo a period of certified study extending over 4 academic years including one
year internship. Project exams at end of 4th year.

3. MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION:
The medium of instruction and examination shall be in English.

4. SCHEME OF EXAMINATION:
There shall be three examinations one each at the end of 1st, 2nd , 3rd year and project and exit
examination at the end of the 4th year.

5. ATTENDANCE
Every candidate should have attendance not less than 80% of the total classes conducted in theory
and practical’s separately in each calendar year calculated from the date of commencement of the
term to the last working day as notified by the University in each of the subjects prescribed to be
eligible to appear for the university examination. A candidate pursuing the course shall study in the
college for the entire period as a full time student. No candidate should join any other course of study
or appear for any other examination conducted by this university or any other university in India or
abroad during the period of registration.
A candidate lacking in the prescribed attendance should not be permitted to appear for the
examination in that subject(s)

6. INTERNAL ASSESSMENT (IA):

1st Year B.Sc. Optometry

Theory - 20 marks

2nd & 3rd year B.Sc. Optometry

Theory – 20 Marks

There shall be a minimum of two periodical tests preferably one in each term in theory and practical
of each subject in an academic year. The average marks of the two tests will be calculated and
reduced to 20. The marks of IA shall be communicated to the University at least 15 days before the
commencement of the University examination. The University shall have access to the records of
such periodical tests. The marks of the internal assessment must be displayed on the notice board of
the respective colleges with in a fortnight from the date test is held. If a candidate is absent for any
one of the tests due to genuine and satisfactory reasons, such a candidate may be given a re-test
within a fortnight

* There shall be no University Practical Examination in First year.

8. TEACHING HOURS
The number of hours of teaching theory and practical, subject wise in first year, second
year and third year are shown in Table-I, Table-II and Table-III
Table - I Distribution of Teaching Hours in First Year Subjects
Method / Number of Hours
Subject
Theory Practicals
General Anatomy & General 90 40
physiology
Basic Biochemistry & Nutrition 70 30
Ocular Anatomy ,ocular Physiology& 90 40
biochemistry
Physical & Geometric Optics & 180 70
principles of lighting
Computer Basics & Computer 40 40
Programming
Functional English& Communications 30 -
Mathematics 30 -
Kannada 20
Basic Accountancy 20

Table - II Distribution of Teaching Hours in Second Year Subjects

Method / Number of Hours
Subject
Theory Practicals
Optometric Optics & Dispensing 120 100
optometry
Clinical Examination Of Visual System 120 100
& Optometric Instruments
Visual optics 90 60
Pharmacology, Microbiology & 60 40
Pathology
Medical Psychology 20 -
Clinics - 270
Table - III Distribution of Teaching Hours in Third Year Subjects
Method / Number of Hours
Main Subject
Theory Practicals
Contact Lenses 60 60
Systemic & Ocular diseases 90 70
Low Vision Aids & Geriatric 30 30
Optometry
Practice management, law in optometry 50 30
& occupational optometry
,Research Methodology& Biostatistics 50 -
Pediatric Optometry, Advances In 90 80
Optometry & Binocular Vision
Clinics & Special Clinics - 270

Table - IV Distribution of Teaching Hours in Fourth Year Subjects

Project - 1 year
CLINICAL POSTING &
SPECIALITY POSTING

9. Schedule of Examination:

The university shall conduct two examinations annually at an interval of not less than 4 to 6 months
as notified by the university from time to time. A candidate who satisfies the requirement of
attendance, progress and conduct as stipulated by the university shall be eligible to appear for the
university examination. Certificate to that effect shall be produced from the Head of the institution
along with the application for examination and the prescribed fee.
10. Scheme of Examination
There shall be three examinations, one each at the end of I, II and III year. Marks for First Year,
second year,Third year and fourth year University theory and practical Examinations are shown in
the Table .

First year Examination:

The University examination for 1st year shall consist of Written Examination & Practical.

Second & Third year examination:

The University examination for 2nd and 3rd year shall consist of Written Examination & Practical.

Fourth YEAR EXAMINATION:

The project assessment & Exit practical examination

Written Examinations consists of

papers in the 3rd Year.

Practical examination:
Practical examinations, at the end 1st Year.
ractical examinations, at the end 2nd Year.
ractical examinations at the end of the 3rd year.

University Examination – Subjects and Distribution of Marks

Non- University Examination: These are internal examination subject for which no
university assessment would be made.
Bachelors in Optometry University Examination – Subjects and Distribution of Marks

10.1 FIRST Year Examination

Subject University Examination Total
Theory Internal Practicals Viva
Voce
Basic Biochemistry & 100 20 - - 120
Nutrition
50 10 120
General Anatomy(sec A)
50 10
General physiology(sec B)
100 20 - - 120
Ocular l Anatomy , ocular Physiology
& Ocular biochemistry

Physical & Principles of Lighting 50 10 80 20 220

(sec A)
Geometric Optics (sec B) 50 10

Non- University Examination ( SUBSIDIARY )

Subject Theory Internal Total

Computer programming* 80 20 100

English* 80 20 100

Mathematics 80 20 100

Basic Accounts 80 20 100

Computer Basics 80 20 100

Note: I A = Internal Assessment

*Main Subjects shall have University Examination. There shall be one subject University
Practical Examination.
**Subsidiary subjects: Examination for subsidiary subjects shall be conducted by respective
colleges

Mark Distribution
1. Basic Biochemistry & Nutrition
2. Long essay 2Questions (second question choice) 2x10= 20 marks
3. Short essay 10Questions ( Questions no 5 &10 choice) 10x5= 50 marks
4. Short answer 10 Questions (Questions no 15 &20 choice) 10x3= 30 marks
Total= 100
2. General Anatomy (sec A)
1. Long essay 1 Questions (Questions no 1choice) 1x10= 10 marks
2. Short essay 5 Questions(Questions no 5 choice) 5x 5= 25 marks
3. Short answer 5Questions (Questions no 10 choice) 5x3= 15marks
Total= 50
3. General physiology (sec B)
1. Long essay 1 Questions (Questions no 1choice) 1x10= 10 marks
2. Short essay 5 Questions(Questions no 5 choice) 5x 5= 25 marks
3. Short answer 5Questions (Questions no 10 choice) 5x3= 15marks
Total= 50
4. Ocular l Anatomy , ocular Physiology & Ocular biochemistry
1. Long essay 2Questions (second question choice) 2x10= 20 marks
2. Short essay 10Questions ( Questions no 5 &10 choice) 10x5= 50 marks
3. Short answer 10 Questions (Questions no 15 &20 choice) 10x3= 30 marks
Total= 100
5. Physical & Principles of Lighting (sec A)
1. Long essay 1 Questions (Questions no 1choice) 1x10= 10 marks
2. Short essay 5 Questions(Questions no 5 choice) 5x 5= 25 marks
3. Short answer5 Questions (Questions no 10 choice) 5x3= 15marks
Total= 50
6. Geometric Optics (sec B)
1. Long essay 1 Questions (Questions no 1choice) 1x10= 10 marks
2. Short essay5 Questions(Questions no 5 choice) 5x 5= 25 marks
3. Short answer5 Questions (Questions no 10 choice) 5x3= 15marks
Total= 50

10.2 SECOND Year Examination

Subject University Examination Total
Theory Internal Practicals Viva Voce
Optometric Optics & Dispensing 100 20 - - 120
Optometry
Visual Optics 100 20 - - 120
CEVS & Optometric instruments 100 20 - - 120
Microbiology, Pathology(sec A) 50 10 - - 120
Pharmacology(sec B)
50 10
Clinical practical examination - 80 20 100

Non- University Examination (SUBSIDIARY SUBJECTS)

Subject Theory Internal Total
Medical Psychology* 80 20 100
Communications & Public relations* 80 20 100

**Subsidiary subjects: Examination for subsidiary subjects shall be conducted by respective

colleges
Mark Distribution
1 .Optometric Optics
1. Long essay 2Questions (second question choice) 2x10=20marks
2. Short essay10Questions ( Questions no 5 &10 choice) 10x5= 50marks
3. Short answer10 Questions (no choice) 10x3= 30 marks
Total=100
2. Visual Optics
1. Long essay 2Questions (second question choice) 2x10= 20 marks
2. Short essay 10Questions ( Questions no 5 &10 choice) 10x5= 50 marks
3. Short answer 10 Questions (no choice) 10x3= 30 marks
Total= 100
3. CEVS & Optometric instruments
1. Long essay 2Questions (second question choice) 2x10= 20 marks
2. Short essay 10Questions ( Questions no 5 &10 choice) 10x5= 50 marks
3. Short answer 10 Questions (no choice) 10x3= 30 marks
Total= 100
4. Microbiology, Pathology (sec A)
1. Long essay 1 Questions (Questions no 1choice) 1x10= 10 marks
2. Short essay 5 Questions(Questions no 5 choice) 5x 5= 25 marks
3. Short answer5 Questions (no choice) 5x3= 15marks
Total= 50
Pharmacology (sec B)
1. Long essay 1 Questions (Questions no 1choice) 1x10= 10 marks
2. Short essay 5 Questions(Questions no 5 choice) 5x 5= 25 marks
3. Short answer5 Questions (no choice) 5x3= 15marks
Total= 50

10.3 THIRD Year Examination

Subject University Examination Total
Theory Internal Practical Viva Voce
Low Vision Aids & Geriatric Optometry 100 20 - - 120

Contact Lens 100 20 - - 120

Research Methodology & Statistics 100 20 120
Systemic diseases (sec A) 50 10 - - 120
Ocular Diseases (sec B)
50 10
Practice Management & law in optometry 50 10 - - 120
(sec A)
50 10
Occupational Optometry (sec B)
Pediatric Optometry, Binocular vision & 100 20 - - 120
Advances in Optometry
Clinics & Specialties - 160 40 200
 Non- University Examination(Subsidiary Subjects)
Theory Internal Total
Subject

Public health, Epidemiology 80 20 100

**Subsidiary subjects: Examination for subsidiary subjects shall be conducted by respective

colleges

Mark Distribution

1. Low Vision Aids & Geriatric Optometry

1. Long essay 2 Questions (second question choice) 2x10= 20 marks
2. Short essay 10 Questions ( Questions no 5 &10 choice) 10x5= 50 marks
3. Short answer 10 Questions (no choice) 10x3= 30 marks
Total= 100
2. Contact Lens
1. Long essay 2 Questions (second question choice) 2x10= 20 marks
2. Short essay 10 Questions ( Questions no 5 &10 choice) 10x5= 50 marks
3. Short answer 10 Questions (no choice) 10x3= 30 marks
Total= 100
3. Research Methodology & Statistics
1. Long essay 2 Questions (second question choice) 2x10= 20 marks
2. Short essay 10 Questions ( Questions no 5 &10 choice) 10x5= 50 marks
3. Short answer 10 Questions (no choice) 10x3= 30 marks
Total= 100
4. Systemic diseases (sec A)
1. Long essay 1 Questions (Questions no 1choice) 1x10= 10 marks
2. Short essay 5 Questions(Questions no 5 choice) 5x 5= 25 marks
3. Short answer 5 Questions (no choice) 5x3= 15marks
Total= 50
5. Ocular Diseases (sec B)
1. Long essay 1 Questions (Questions no 1choice) 1x10= 10 marks
2. Short essay 5 Questions(Questions no 5 choice) 5x 5= 25 marks
3. Short answer 5 Questions (no choice) 5x3= 15marks
Total= 50
6..Practice Management & law in optometry (sec A)
1. Long essay 1 Questions (Questions no 1choice) 1x10= 10 marks
2. Short essay 5 Questions(Questions no 5 choice) 5x 5= 25 marks
3. Short answer 5 Questions (no choice) 5x3= 15marks
Total= 50
7. Occupational Optometry (sec B)
1. Long essay 1 Questions (Questions no 1choice) 1x10= 10 marks
2. Short essay 5 Questions(Questions no 5 choice) 5x 5= 25 marks
3. Short answer 5 Questions (no choice) 5x3= 15marks
Total= 50

8. Pediatric Optometry, Binocular vision & Advances in Optometry

1. Long essay 2 Questions (second question choice) 2x10= 20 marks
2. Short essay 10 Questions ( Questions no 5 &10 choice) 10x5= 50 marks
3. Short answer 10 Questions (no choice) 10x3= 30 marks
Total= 100
FOURTH year

Subject University Examination Total

Theory Internal Practical Viva Voce
Project 80 20 100
Clinical Examination- “EXIT EXAMINATION’ 160 40 200

11. Eligibility for Examination

To be eligible to appear for University examination a candidate
a. Shall have undergone satisfactorily the approved course of study in the subject/subjects for
the prescribed duration.
b. Shall have attended atleast 80% of the total number of classes in theory and practical/clinical
to become eligible to appear for the examination in that subject/subjects.
c. Shall fulfill any other requirement that may be prescribed by the university from time to time.

12. Criteria for pass

For declaration of pass in any subject in the university examination, a candidate shall pass both in
theory and practical/clinical examination components separately as stipulated below:
 The theory component comprises of marks obtained in the University written paper. For a
pass in theory, a candidate shall secure not less than 50%. For a pass in practical/clinical
examination, a candidate shall secure not less than 50%, marks in aggregate, i.e., marks
obtained in university practical/clinical examination and viva voce added together.
 A candidate not securing 50% marks in aggregate in Theory or Practical/Clinical examination
in a subject shall be declared to have failed in that subject and is required to appear for both
Theory and Practical/Clinical again in the subsequent examination in that subject.

13. Carry over benefit

13.1 First year examination:
A candidate who fails in any one of the four main subject of first year shall be permitted to carry over
that subject to second year. However, he/she must pass the carry over subject before appearing for
second year examination.

13.2 Second year examination.

A candidate is permitted to carry over any one main subject to the third year but shall pass this
subject before appearing for the third year examination.
13.3 Third year examination.
A candidate shall pass all the subjects of the third year examinations to be eligible for internship.

14. Declaration of Class

a. A candidate having appeared in all subjects in the same examination and passed that
examination in the first attempt and secures 75% of marks or more of grand total marks
prescribed will be declared to have passed the examination with distinction.
b. A candidate having appeared in all subjects in the same examination and passed that
examination in the first attempt and secures 65% of marks or more but less than 75% of grand
total marks prescribed will be declared to have passed the examination in First Class.
c. A candidate having appeared in all subjects in the same examination and passed that
examination in the first attempt and secures 50% of marks or more but less than 65% of grand
total marks prescribed will be declared to have passed the examination in Second Class.
d. A candidate passing a university examination in more than one attempt shall be placed in
Pass class irrespective of the percentage of marks secured by him/her in the examination.
The marks obtained by a candidate in the subsidiary subjects shall not be considered for award
of Class or Rank. [Please note, fraction of marks should not be rounded off clauses (a), (b) and
(c)

15. Eligibility for the award of Degree:

A candidate shall have passed in all the subjects of first, second and third year to be eligible for a
compulsory 12 months of rotational internship. On completion of 12 months of the internship
with pass criteria in outgoing clinical assessment exams (EXIT EXAMS) the candidate is then
eligible for the award of degree.
 INTERNSHIP

COMPULSORY ROTATORY INTERNSHIP FOR

B.Sc. OPTOMETRY

Twelve-month compulsory rotational postings during which students have to work in the
following areas:
1. General Optometry department and General Ophthalmology department – 1 month
2. Speciality refraction with Retina and Cornea Ophthalmology department– 1 month
3. Paediatric refraction with Paediatric ophthalmology – 1 month
4. LASIK investigation – 1 month
5. Cataract investigation – 1 month
6. HFA and Glaucoma ophthalmology department – 1 month
7. Contact lens – 1 month
8. Low vision and Rehabilitation department – 1 month
9. Vision therapy – 1 month
10. Ocularistry and Electrodiagnostics – 1 month
11. Opticals – 1month
12. Community Refraction – 1month

Students must be able to assist independently the following procedures at the end of
their internship postings;-

1. General Optometry department, Community refraction and General Ophthalmology

department:
Students should get well versed in handling refraction cases like
- General Refraction
- Aphakia
- Emergency cases like redness/trauma
- Refract all kinds of refractive error
 - Refract ectatic conditions of cornea
- Post-Operative refraction
- Follow up cases of any infection – Chalazion/Stye/Conjunctivitis
- Differential diagnosis and diagnosis of anterior chamber infections
- Troubleshoot
- Appropriate referral

2. Speciality refraction with Retina and Cornea Ophthalmology department

- Complete speciality refraction work-up
- Differential diagnosis and diagnosis of retinal conditions
- Differential diagnosis and diagnosis of corneal conditions
- Refraction for all post-operative retinal and corneal conditions
- To know the management for retinal and corneal condition
- To understand and decide the prognosis of every condition
- Appropriate referral

3. Paediatric refraction with Paediatric ophthalmology

- Complete paediatric work-up
- All syndromes
- Aphakia
- Hereditary conditions
- Pedigree charting
- Cycloplegic refraction
- Decide about prescription for paediatric age groups

4. LASIK investigation and Cataract investigation

- Appropriate history taking
- Able to perform the investigation using appropriate diagnostic tool
- Able to interpret the reports post investigation
- To decide if the patient can undergo LASIK or cataract surgery

5. HFA and Glaucoma ophthalmology department

- Able to perform the HFA for all kinds of patients with any HFA strategy
- Able to interpret the HFA reports and understand the prognosis of Glaucoma
- To diagnose the type of Glaucoma
- To know the management of all types of Glaucoma
- Appropriate referral

6. Contact lens
- Soft lens/Soft toric
- RGP CL
- ROSE K
- Miniscleral CL
- Cosmetic CL
- Bandage CL
 - Troubleshoot
- Steven Johnson’s syndrome
- Sjogren syndrome
- Aphakia
- Post-surgery
- High astigmatism – Keratoconus/PMD
- Patient care and maintenance

7. Low vision and Rehabilitation

- Complete low vision work-up
- Distance and Near magnification trial
- Prescribe appropriate devices according to the condition
- Appropriate referral
- To understand and know to rehabilitate a low vision patient according to their
needs

8. Vision therapy
- Complete Binocular vision work up
- To diagnose every condition appropriately
- To decide about the appropriate therapy for every condition
- Diplopia charting and Hess charting
- DMR and Prism trial for diplopia
- Perceptual skill assessment
- To work on defective perceptual skill appropriately

9. Ocularistry and Electrodiagnostics

- Orbital diseases
- Evisceration, Enucleation and Exenteration
- Fitting and Removal of customised eye – Fitting assessment
- Materials used
- Processing and Fabrication techniques
- Patient care and hygiene

10. Opticals
- To decide and choose the appropriate spectacle lens and frame according to the
power
- Ocular measurements
- Lens coatings
- Frame fitting and adjustments
- Dispensing
NOTE: AT THE END OF INTERNSHIP THERE WILL BE A PRACTICAL EXAM.
(EXIT EXAM)
FIRST YEAR B.Sc. OPTOMETRY SYLLABUS

 Physical Optics & principle of lighting (Sec A) Geometric Optics (Sec B)

 General Anatomy (Sec A) &Physiology (Sec B)
 Ocular Anatomy, Physiology & Ocular biochemistry
 General Biochemistry& Nutrition

PHYSICAL OPTICS (THEORY)

SL TOPICS HOURS
NO
Nature of light: An overview
1 Corpuscular Theory, Wave Theory, quantum theory and dual nature 02

Simple Harmonic Motion

Definition, Mathematical representation, energy in SHM, combination of two SHMs (along a 10
line and at right angles). Waves : Transverse and Longitudinal, mathematical representation
of a wave, wave fronts, path differenceand phase difference, coherent waves, Numerical.

Interference of light
Theory of interference-Conditions for interference, Young’s double slit experiment,
Expression for fringe width, Intensity distribution of the double slit interference pattern, 10
condition for good contrast.

Interference in thin films: Reflection phase shifts, optical path length. Interference in thin
parallel films of uniform thickness, variable thickness (air wedge, Newton’s rings), their 10
applications to antireflection coatings, optical flatness of reflecting surfaces, determination
of : wavelength, refractive index, thickness of thin films, radius of curvature, Michelson
interferometer, Numerical

2 Diffraction – Introduction, Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction.

Fresnel diffraction: Rectilinear propagation of light, Zone plate, Theory of Fresnel’s half
period zone. Numerical.
Fraunhofer Diffraction: Diffraction pattern from single slit, Double slit. Diffraction pattern
due to N Slits-Theory of plane transmission grating. Resolving power of the diffraction
grating. Numerical.

Polarization – Review of light as a transverse wave. Polarization phenomenon due to

3 reflection, refraction and scattering Brewster’s and Malus’ laws. Polaroids. Double
refraction, retardation plates, Nicol prism as a device to produce polarized light, dichroism,
equation to polarization ellipse, elliptical, circular and linear polarizations, their production
and detection 10
Optical activity, Lorentz half shade polarimeter, determination of specific rotation

4 Absorption and scattering:General and selective absorption,Distinction between absorption

and scattering, absorption by solids, liquids and gases, scattering: Rayleigh, Mie and Raman
scattering. 08

5 Radiometry and Photometry – Electromagnetic spectrum, Radiometry, Photometry, sources

 of optical radiation and detectors of radiation.
06
6 Laser basics:Introduction, Einstein quantum theory of radiation, Essentials of a laser, Ruby 08
laser, Holography, Numerical.

7 FiberOptics: Structure,Optics of propagation, Attenuation, Distortion, Numerical. 6

8 The particle nature of radiation :Photoelectric effect, Compton effect(no derivation of 6

Compton shift equation), Numerical
TOTAL
86

PHYSICAL OPTICS - PRACTICAL

Any 10 of the following experiments

SL TOPICS HOURS
NO

1 EXPERIMENTS

1. Air wedge
2. Newton’s rings
3. Biprism
4. Michelson’s interferometer
5. Refractive index of a liquid using a hollow prism
6. Refractive indices of an anisotropic crystal
7. Variation of refractive index with wavelength
8. Diffraction grating – minimum deviation/normal incidence method 35
9. Resolving power of a telescope
10. Polarimeter
11. Photo diode characteristics
12. Ultrasonic interferometer
13. Numerical aperture of optical fibres
14. Wave length of a laser light using grating.
15. Photoelectric effect.
16. Planck’s constant

35

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Fundamentals of Optics – 4th edition – Francis.A.Jenskins and Harvey.E.White.

2. A textbook of Optics – N.Subrahmanyam and Brij Lal.
3. Introduction to optics – Frank.L.Pedrotti and Leno.S.Pedrotti.
4. Physics for scientists and Engineers with modern Physics, Vol 2, 6 th Edition, Serway and Jewett
 GEOMETRICAL OPTICS – THEORY

SL TOPICS HOURS
NO
Properties of light: Classification of optics based on the nature and properties of light.
1 The rectilinear propagation of light, Umbra and Penumbra, Speed of light in vacuum and in a 8
stationary media, Beam, pencil and ray of light, Laws of reflection and refraction, Refractive
index, Optical path, Graphical construction for refraction, Principle of reversibility, Fermat’s
principle (only qualitative discussion), Colordispersion. Numerical
Plane surfaces and Prisms: Parallel beam, the critical angle and total reflection, Plane parallel
2 plate, Refraction by a prism, Minimum deviation, Thin prisms, Graphical method of ray
tracing, Direct vision prisms, Reflection of divergent rays, Refraction of divergent rays, 08
Images formed by paraxial rays. ophthalmic prisms.
Numerical.

Spherical surfaces: Introduction, Focal points and focal lengths, Image formation, Virtual
3 images, conjugate points and planes, Convention of signs, Graphical constructions (parallel 08
ray method only), Magnification, Vergence and reduced vergence, Gaussian formula.
Numerical.

4 Spherical mirrors – focal points, focal lengths, image formation, mirrors and vergence, 02
reflection matrix, aspheric mirrors

Thin lenses: Lenses, Focal points and focal lengths, Imageformation: graphical method
5 (parallel ray and oblique ray methods) and derivation of lens formula,conjugate points and
planes. Lateral magnification,Virtual images, Lens makers’ formula,Power of a thin lens, 06
Thin lenses in contact, without contact. Numerical.

Thick lenses: Imageformation: graphical method (both parallel ray and oblique ray methods),
6 Focal points, principal points, nodal points and optical center, thick lens formulas (no
derivation). Numerical

08
Matrix methods in paraxial optics: Introduction, Translation matrix, Refraction matrix,
7 Reflection matrix and Thick lens and thin lens matrices. Numerical.
08
Aberration theory :Spherical (coma, astigmatism, curvature of field and distortion) and
8 chromatic aberrations and their minimization including GRIN systems(qualitative description 08
only).
Optics of the Eye: Biological structure of the eye, Optical representation of the eye, Functions
9 of the eye, Errors of refraction and their correction, Laser therapy for ocular defects. Depth of 08
focus

Aperture and stops :Field stop and Aperture stop, Entrance and exit pupils, chief ray, Front
10 stop, stop between two lenses, two lenses with no stop, field of view 06

Optical Instruments – The Camera, eye and its refractive anomalies, simple magnifier,
11 compound microscope and telescopes. 4 Hours 08

78
 GEOMETRIC OPTICS – PRACTICALS
Practical: 3 Hours/week
Any 10 of the following experiments

SL
NO TOPICS HOURS

1 1. Law of reflection
2. Law of refraction
3. Critical angle of glass
4. Angle of minimum deviation using I-d curve
5. f & of convex lens
6. f & of concave lens
7. f of convex mirror
8. f of concave mirror
9.  of solid 45
10.  of liquid
11. Angle of the prism – using spectrometer
12. Determination of Cauchy’s constant
13.  of the material of the crown and flint glasses for Na light
14. Dispersive power of a prism
15. Verification of inverse square law of radiation using a photometer
16. Photometer - determination of transmission coefficient

45Hrs

PRINCIPLES OF LIGHTING:
SL
NO TOPICS HOURS

1 Visual tasks: factors affecting visual tasks 2

2 Modern theory on light &colour: synthesis of light 2

3 Additive & subtractive synthesis of colour 2

4 Light sources: Modern light sources – spectral energy distribution – luminous efficiency – 2
colour temperature – colour rendering]

5 Illumination: Luminous flux, candela, solid angle, illumination, utilization factor, 2

depreciation factors, illumination laws

6 Lighting installation: glare, luminaries, lighting fixtures, types of lighting 2

 7 Photometry: measurement of illumination, photometers and filters 2

8 Eye care and lighting – special care with VDU. 2

16

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Fundamentals of Optics – 4th edition – Francis.A.Jenskins and Harvey.E.White.

2. A textbook of Optics – N.Subrahmanyam and Brij Lal.
3. Introduction to optics – Frank.L.Pedrotti and Leno.S.Pedrotti.
4. Physics for scientists and Engineers with modern Physics, Vol 2, 6th Edition, Serway and Jewett
5. Introductory lighting (Illuminating engineering society of North America)
6. Environmental vision (Pitts)

GENERAL ANATOMY

SL
NO TOPICS HOURS

1 Introduction- Anatomy and it’s sub-division, planes of the body, terms in relation of
structures, Regional Anatomy, organ system, osteology of orbital bones

2 Tissues of the body [ Histology of the body tissues]

2.1 Epithelium
2.2 Connective tissue
2.3 Bone and cartilage
2.4 Muscles: Skeletal, smooth, cardiac
2.5 Blood vessels
2.6 Neuron, Neuroglia 45
2.7 Glands, exocrine and endocrine, lacrimal gland in detail
2.8 Skin and appendages
2.9 Lymphoid Tissues
2.10 Ganglian

3 Organ systems: [General plan]

3.1 Locomotor system: Bones, muscles, joints
3.2 Cardiovascular systems: Heart, Regional blood vessels- arteries, veins
3.3 Lymphatic system including immune system
3.4. Digestive system
3.5. Respiratory system
3.6. Reproductory system
3.7. Endocrine system
3.8. Central nervous system- spinal and brain stem, cerebellum, cerebrum, spinal, cranial
nerves
3.9 ganglia
RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Human anatomy B.D.Chourasia

2. Text book of human anatomy H.Gray
3. Anatomy and Physiology of the eye A.K.Khurana, Indu Khurana
4. Clinical anatomy of the eye S.Snell, A.Lemp
5.Text book of Anatomy Vishramsingh

GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY

SL
NO TOPICS HOURS

1 1.1. Cell structure and organization

1.2 Gene action
1.3. Tissueorganization – Epithelium
1.1. Connective tissue - Collagen fibers- elastic fibers- areolar fibers- cartilage- bone
1.5. Contractile tissue- striated – skeletal –cardiac- non striated –plain myoepithelial
1.6. General principles of cell physiology
1.7. Electrophysiology of cells
1.8.Physiology of skeletal muscles
2 Blood
2.1 Composition
2.2 Volume measurement and variations
2.3 Plasma proteins- classification and functions
2.4 RBC’s- development, morphology and measurement- functions and dysfunctions
2.5 WBC’s- development – classifications - morphology–functions and dysfunctions
2.6. Platelets –morphology-development, functions and dysfunctions
2.7 Clotting- factors- mechanism- anticoagulants- dysfunctions
2.8. Blood grouping –classifications- importance in transfusion, Rh factor & incompatibility
2.9. Suspension stability
2.10. Osmotic fragility
2.11. Reticulo endothelial system
Spleen – lymphatic tissue
Thymus - Bone marrow
Immune system - cellular - humoral- autoimmune
3 Digestion
3.1. General arrangement 45
3.2. Salivary digestion – functions and regulations
3.3. Gastric digestion –functions and regulations
3.4. Pancreatic digestion- functions and regulations
3.5. Intestinal digestion – functions and regulations
3.6. Liver and Bile
3.7. Absorption
3.8. Motility-Deglutition-Gastric-Intestinal-Vomiting-Defecation
3.9. Functions of large intestine
3.10. Neurohumoral regulations of alimentary functions, summary
4 Excretion
4.1. Body fluids – distribution, measurement and exchange
4.2. Kidney –structure of nephron – mechanism of urine formation-composition of urine and
abnormal constituents- urinary bladder and micturition
5 Endocrine system
5.1. Hormone mechanism – negative feedbacks- tropic action –Permissive action – cellular
actions
5.2. Hypothalamic regulation
5.3. Hormones, Actions & Regulations of
 Hypophysis
 Thyroid
 Adrenal Cortex & medulla
 Parathyroid
 Islets of pancreas
 Miscellaneous
5.4. Common clinical disorders
6 Reproduction
6.1. Male reproductive system- control and regulation-semen analysis
6.2. Female Reproductive system- Uterus -ovaries- menstrual cycle- Regulation
-Pregnancy and delivery-breast – family planning

7 Respiration
7.1. Mechanics of respiration
7.2. pulmonary function tests
7.3. Transport of respiratory gases
7.4. neural and chemical regulation of respiration
7.5.hypoxia cyanosis- dyspnoea- asphyxia
8 Circulation
8.1. Heart: myocardium- innervation- transmission of cardiac Impulse-Events during cardiac
cycle-cardiac output
8.2. Peripheral circulation: Peripheral resistance- Arterial blood pressure measurements- factors
regulating variation – capillary circulation-venous circulation
8.3. Special circulation: coronary – cerebral
4.4.miscellaneous
9 Nervous system
9.1. Neuron – conduction of impulse – synapse – receptor
9.2. Sensory organization- pathways and perception. Reflexes
9.3. cerebral cortex – functions
9.4. Thalamus- basal ganglia – Cerebellum – Hypothalamus
9.5. Autonomic nervous system- motor control of movements, posture and equilibrium-
conditioned reflex, Eye hand co-ordination. Sleep, consciousness, behavior , memory
10 Environmental Physiology
10.1. Body temperature regulation [including skin physiology]
10.2. Exposure to low and high atmospheric pressure
11 Special senses [elementary]
11.1. Olfaction- Taste- Hearing- vision
45
 GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY - DEMONSTRATION

1 Microscope &Haemocytometer
2 Blood 20
2.1. RBC count
2.2. Hb
2.3.WBC count
2.4. Differential count
2.5. Hct Demonstration
2.6.ESR
2.7. Blood group and Rh type
2.8.Bleeding time and clotting time
3 Digestion – Test salivary digestion
4 Excretion
4.1. Examination of urine
 Specific Gravity
 Albumin
 Sugar
 Microscopic examination for cells and cyst
5 Endocrinology & Reproduction
5.1. Dry experiments in the form of cases showing different endocrine Disorders
6 Respiratory system
6.1. Clinical examination of respiratory system
6.2. Spirometry
6.3. Breath holding test
6.4.endurance test
7 Cardiovascular system
7.1. Clinical examination of circulatory system
 Measurement of blood pressure and pulse rate
 Effect of exercise on blood pressure and pulse rate
8 Central Nervous System
8.1. Sensory system
8.2. Motor system
8.3. Cranial system
8.4. Superficial and deep reflexes
8.5.Test for hearing

20
RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Text book if medical physiology Guyton

2. Human physiology AK Jain, Indu Khurana
3. Human physiology Chatterjee
4. Adler’s physiology of the eye Robert.A.Moses, William.M.Hart.Jr
5. Text book ocular anatomy & physiology AK Khurana

OCULAR PHYSIOLOGY

SL
NO TOPICS HOURS

1 1. Protective mechanisms in the eye.

2. Precorneal tear film and lacrimation
3. Extrinsic ocular muscles, their action and control of their movements.
4. Coats of the eyeball
5. Corneal physiology – Hydration, Metabolism, Corneal wound healing,
Transparency, Permeability
6. Aqueous humour - Production, Circulation, Drainage and Intra ocular
pressure
7. Vitreous Humour 30
8. Iris – pupil reaction
9. Crystalline lens and accommodation – Presbyopia
10. Retina – Physiology of RPE, Scotopic & Photopic vision, neural signal,
retinal synapses, Photo transduction, Information processing, Retinal
metabolism
11. Vision- general aspects of sensation
12. Pigments of the eye and photo chemistry
13. The visual stimulus, refractive errors
14. Visual acuity and its principle of measurments
15. Visual perception- binocular vision, stereoscopic vision, optical illusion
16. Visual pathway, central & cerebral connections, lesions of pathways &
effects
17. Colour vision, colour vision defects and diagnostic tests

30

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Text book if medical physiology Guyton

2. Human physiology Choudhary
3. Human physiology Chatterjee
4. Adler’s physiology of the eye Robert.A.Moses, William.M.Hart.Jr
 OCULAR ANATOMY

1 1.1 Introduction to anatomical terminologies– cross section of eyeball

1.2Ocular Adnexa
a. Eye Brows
b. Eyelids – Structure, Facial spaces, Arterial supply, nerve supply, venous & lymphatic
drainage
c. Conjunctiva – general arrangements, structure, glands, arteries, veins, caruncle, plica
semilunaries
1.3 Lacrimal System – Lacrimal Gland, Drainage, Tear film
1.4 Extraocular Muscles - anatomy, innervations, actions

2 Cornea: layers, cellular structures, refractive properties

3 Coats of eye ball
Sclera (Episclera& Sclera)
Choroid, Ciliary body, Iris
Retina
(Detailed anatomy, cellular structure, blood supply and nerve supply)

4 Aqueous, anterior chamber, Intraocular pressure, vitreous body

5 Pupil & Pupillary pathway and its lesions
6 Crystalline lens – structure, suspension, accommodation
7 Orbit
Orbital margin, Walls of orbital cavity
Orbital structure & Foramen
Surface anatomy, Relations of bony orbit, Orbital Muscles

8 Cranial Nerves
1.Optic nerve
2. Oculomotor nerve
3. Trochlear Nerve
4. Abducent nerve
5. Facial Nerve
(Nuclei, course, relationship with brain, ocular contribution in detail)

9 Visual Pathway – Definition, anatomy of visual pathway, visual reflexes, Lesions of visual
pathway
10 Ocular Embryology 30
Total
3 Demonstration
3.1. Practical dissection of Bull’s eye
3.2. Practical demonstration of orbital structures
 OCULAR BIOCHEMISTRY

SL
NO TOPICS HOURS

1 Importance of ocular biochemistry in clinical optometric practice

2 Tear film
 Composition - Lipid layer - Aqueous layer - Mucoid layer - Tear Secretion Functions
& dysfunction – Diagnostic tests – Tear substitutes – Recent development

3 Cornea
 Biochemical composition of epithelium – bowman’s layer-stroma- Descemet’s layer-
endothelium-functions- corneal metabolism –nutrient uptake- energy-transparency-
barrier mechanism-pump action-irrigating solutions –aging and other anomalies-recent
developments
30
4 Lens
 Composition-metabolism-glucose utilization- sorbitol pathways- Glutathione and
ascorbic acid transport- transparency- cataract formation- aging photo oxidation- sugar
cataract- cataract and ascorbic acid – medical therapy- recent developments

5 Aqueous humour
 Composition- function-Ciliary body-aqueous humour production-IOP- Glaucoma

6 Vitreous humour
 Structure-composition functions- vitreous biochemical pathology- Intraocular gels-
recent developments
7 Retina
 Pigment epithelium-structure-composition-photoreceptor cells-rhodopsin – lipids
renewal- inner segment – Pigment epithelium – choroid- metabolism and function-
phagocytosis- vitamin A- retinal function and metabolism. Retinal neurochemistry
Monoamines-acetyl choline- gaba-aminoacids- taurine- neuropeptides. Biochemical
correlates of retinal diseases

8 Free Radicals and Antioxidants

Mechanism of Lipid Peroxidation- oxidative damage to the lens- vulnerability of the Retina to
Free Radicals – Antioxidants in the Retina and RPE – Vitamin E – Ascorbate – Carotenoids

30
 GENERAL BIOCHEMISTRY& NUTRITION

SL
NO TOPICS HOURS

1 Carbohydrate Chemistry; Definition, general classification with examples, composition, 4

sources, properties and functions of Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Oligosaccharides and
Polysaccharides. Glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides-in detail)

2 Lipid Chemistry ; Definition, general classification Definition, classification, and functions of 3

Fatty acids, Cholesterol, Essential fatty acids , Phospholipids and their importance
3 Amino-acid Chemistry; Amino acid chemistry: Definition, Classification, Peptide bonds, 6
Peptides: Definition, Biologically important peptides. Protein chemistry: Definition,
Classification, Functions of proteins, Collagens, Plasma proteins, Muscle proteins
4 Enzymes; Definition, Active site, Cofactor (Coenzyme, Activator), Proenzyme. Classification 5
with examples, Factors effecting enzyme activity, Mechanism of enzyme action. Diagnostic
enzymology (clinical significance of enzymes)

5 Nucleotide and Nucleic Acid Chemistry; Nucleotide chemistry: Nucleotide composition, 3

functions of free nucleotides in body. Nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) chemistry: Difference
between DNA and RNA, Structure of DNA (Watson and Crick model), Functions of DNA.
Structure and functions of tRNA, rRNA, mRNA.
6 Digestion and Absorption; General characteristics of digestion and absorption, Digestion and 3
absorption of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Disorders of digestion and absorption –
Lactose intolerance,
7 Fundamentals of Biological oxidative reactions-ATP formation. 3

8 Carbohydrate Metabolism; 4
Introduction, Glycolysis – Aerobic, Anaerobic, Citric acid cycle, HMP Shunt pathway,

9 Lipid Metabolism; Introduction to lipid metabolism, Lipolysis, β-oxidation of fatty acids, 5

Ketone body metabolism: Ketone body formation (ketogenesis), utilization (ketolysis), ketosis,
Rothera’s test. Cholesterol metabolism: degradation, cholesterol transport
Hypercholesterolemia and its effects (atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases)
Hypocholesterolemic agents,
10 Amino acid and Protein Metabolism; Catabolism of amino acids - Introduction, 3
transamination, deamination, Fate of ammonia, transport of ammonia, Urea cycle Specialized
products formed from amino acids - from glycine, arginine, methionine, phenylalanine and
tyrosine.

11 Vitamins ; Definition, classification according to solubility, Individual vitamins( Water 8

soluble & fat soluble) - Sources, Coenzyme forms, functions, RDA, digestion, absorption and
transport, deficiency and toxicity
12 Mineral Metabolism;Definition, Sources, RDA, Digestion, absorption, transport, excretion, 5
functions, disorder of Individual minerals - Calcium, phosphate, iron, Magnesium, fluoride,
selenium, molybdenum, copper. Phosphate, calcium and iron in detail

13 Cell Biology;Introduction, Cell structure, Cell membrane structure and function, various types 2
of absorption. Intracellular organelles and their functions, briefly on cytoskeleton

14 Nutrition; Introduction, Importance of nutrition Calorific values, 8

Respiratory quotient – Definition, and its significance Energy requirement of a person - Basal
metabolic rate: Definition, Normal values, factor affecting BMR Special dynamic action of
food Physical activities - Energy expenditure for various activities. Calculation of energy
requirement of a person Balanced Diet Recommended dietary allowances Role of
carbohydrates in diet: Digestible carbohydrates and dietary fibers Role of lipids in diet Role of
proteins in diet: Quality of proteins - Biological value, net protein utilization, Nutritional
 aspects of proteins-essential and non-essential amino acids. Nitrogen balance Nutritional
disorders

15 Acid-Base balance; Acids, bases and buffers, pH. Buffer systems of the body, blood buffers, 3
mechanism of buffer action. H+ and pH measurements.

16 Measles and associated eye disorders, low birth weight 2

17 Free radicals – Biological Reactions-Oxidants- antioxidants, -diseases –Therapeutic uses of 3
antioxidants

70

GENERAL BIOCHEMISTRY – DEMONSTRATION

1 1.Reaction of monosaccharides- disaccharides- qualitative

2.Estimation of Glucose
3.Estimation of proteins- ninhydrin reaction
4.Estimation of Vitamin C
5.Eatimation of Vitamin A

20

GENERAL BIOCHEMISTRY DEMONSTATION; -20 hours

1. Reactions of monosaccharide’s-disaccharides- qualitative
2. Estimation of Glucose
3. Estimation of proteins- Ninhydrin
4. Estimation of Vitamin A
5. Estimation of Vitamin c

Total theory hours; 70

Practical- 20
Recommended Text books
1. Text book of Biochemistry Sathyanarayan
2. Text book of Biochemistry A.C Deb
3. Text book of Biochemistry S.K dasgupta
4. Biochemistry of the eye David. R. whilehart
 FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION

SL
NO TOPICS HOURS

1 Functional English -Grammar

 Components of a sentence – Verb -Transformation of sentences – Voice - Reported
speech - Positive/ negative -Statement/ Interrogative - Subject verb agreement -
Common errors – Exercises
2 Vocabulary
 Synonyms and antonyms - Idioms and phrases – Similies -Words denoting
assemblage
3 Writing skills
 Note making – Summarizing - Report writing - Letter writing -Expansion of an idea
– Comprehension

COMMUNICATION

1 Introduction
 Communication process - Elements of communication - Barriers of communication
and how to overcome them
2 30
Speaking
 Importance of speaking efficiently - Voice culture - Preparation of speech - secrets
of good delivery - Audience psychology handling - Presentation skills - Conference/
Interview technique
3
Listening
 Importance of listening - Self-awareness about listening -Action plan execution -
Barriers in listening - Good and persuasive listening
4
Reading
 What is efficient and fast reading? - What is Awareness of existing reading habits -
Tested techniques for improving speed - Improving concentration and
comprehension through systematic study
5
Memory
 What is memory, Brain- mind potential? - Systems for memorizing - Summary page
- Building positive mental habits
6
Nonverbal Communication
 Basics of nonverbal communication
7 Self-awareness
 Self-image - Self talk – Relaxation - Personality development

30 Hrs
 MATHEMATICS

SL
NO TOPICS HOURS

1 Trignometry
1.1. Measurements of angles- Definition of radian and its magnitude
1.2. Trignometrical ratios- relations between them – simple problems - Signs of trignometric
ratios- ratios of well-known angles - Applications of trignometrical ratios to solving simple
problems on refraction and reflection
1.3.Idea of allied angles – Formulae only for Sin [A+ B], Cos [A+B],Tan [ A+B], Sin 2A, Cos
2A, Tan 2A in terms of products of trignometrical ratios Sin A, Cos A, Tan A in terms of
ratios of A/2- Problems
2 Differential Calculus
2.1. Functions and Limits- Lt Sin x
x0 x
2.2. Differentiation – Algebraic and trignometric functions –inverse trignometric functions – 30
successive differentiation- second order differentiation
3 Algebra
3.1 Revision of simple linear and quadratic equations
3.2 Theory of indices- Logarithms – common and Napierian
Permutations, Combinations and binomial theorem
4 Integral calculus
4.1 Integration of algebraic and trignometric functions
4.2 Integration by substitution and by parts – Definite Integrals
5 Geometrical application of integration
5.1 Simple concepts of area , volume , length of arc and surface of revolution
6 Matrices
6.1.Determinants - matrix algebra
7 Vectors
7.1Simple concepts – scalars, vectors , dot and cross product

30 Hrs

BASIC ACCOUNTANCY

SL
NO TOPICS HOURS
1. Introduction - Terms used in accounts - Principles of accountancy
2. Journal and journalizing
3. Ledger and ledger posting
4. Trial balance
 Subsidiary books
 Cash book
 Petty cash book
 Sales register 20
 Purchase register
5. Bank reconciliation
6. Depreciation and other adjustments
7. Balance sheet and profit and loss account statements
Preparation of final accounts
8. Income tax and Sales tax [General ideas only]

20
 COMPUTER BASICS

SL
NO TOPICS HOURS
1 Introduction to computers
2 Definition
 Input
 Output
 CPU
3 Input output devices (types)
4 Basis of computer system
 Switching computer on & off
 What is bias?
 Computer generations
5 Keyboard practices
6 Definitions of terms
 Desktop
 Software
7 Computer systems: Hardware & software definitions 30
8 Windows’98
 Definition & Why
 Calculator - Word pad - Short cuts - Start menu - Media player - Note pad - Win
amp – Paint - Control panel
9 Microsoft word
 Opening, saving, deleting, typing, print , Page border, spelling, table, grammar,
margin, Clip art, BIU, word art, Colour text &background, Picture drawing using
word
10 Excel
 Formulas - Design charts- Format tables
11 PowerPoint
 Designing a presentation - Inserting some animation with sound
12 Internet &its applications
 Interconnection to HTML
 E- mailing – Browsing - Chatting
SECOND YEAR B.Sc. OPTOMETRY SYLLABUS
 Optometric Optics& Dispensing Optics
 Visual Optics
 Optometric Instruments & Clinical Examination of Visual System
 Pathology &Microbiology (Sec A) Pharmacology (Sec B)

OPTOMETRIC OPTICS (THEORY)

SL
NO TOPICS HOURS

1 Introduction – Light, Mirror, Reflection, Refraction and Absorption

1
2 Prisms – Definition, properties,
Refraction through prisms, Thickness
difference, Base-apex notation, uses,
nomenclature and units, Sign 5
Conventions, Fresnel’s prisms, rotary prism
3 Lenses – Definition, units, terminology
used to describe, form of lenses 3
4 Vertex distance and vertex power,
Effectivity calculations 3
5 Lens shape, size and types i.e. 2
spherical, cylindrical, Sphero-cylindrical& Toric lenses
Astigmatic lenses, Methods of writing prescriptions
Axis Direction of astigmatic lenses
Properties of crossed cylinders
6 Transpositions – Simple, Toric and
Spherical equivalent 2
7 Prismatic effect, centration, decent
ration and Prentice rule, Prismatic 6
effect of Plano-cylinder and Spherocylinder
lenses
8 Spherometer & Sag formula, Edge 4
thickness calculations
9 Magnification in high plus lenses, 3
Minification in high minus lenses
10 Tilt induced power in spectacles 2
11 Aberration in Ophthalmic Lenses 2
12 Raw materials – History and General Outline, 6
Manufacturing of Ophthalmic Blanks – Glass &
Plastics, Terminology used in Lens
Workshops, Surfacing process from Blanks to lenses
13 Definition & Materials (Glass, Plastics, 5
Polycarbonate, Triology) types and characteristics
14 Properties (Refractive index, specific gravity, 5
UV cut off, impact resistance – include drop
ball test, abbe value, Center thickness)
15 Best form of lenses & Safety standards for 3
Ophthalmic lenses (FDA, ANSI, ISI, Others)
16 Design of High Powered Lenses 3
Hi-index lenses, Calculation of Refractive
index
17 Bifocal designs, their manufacturing & uses 7
(Kryptok, Univis D, Executive, Invisible,
Occupational)
18 Progressive Addition Lenses, modified near 4
vision lenses (designs, advantages,
limitations)
19 Lens enhancements (Scratch resistant 5
coatings – spin/dip, Anti-reflection coating, UV
coating, Hydrophobic coating, anti-static
coating
20 Lens defects – Description and Detection 3
21 Glazing & edging (manual & automatic) 3
22 Special lenses 8
 Lenticulars
 Aspherics
 Fresnel lenses & Prisms
 Aniseikonic lenses
 Photochromics
 Polaroids
 Tinted lenses – Tints, filters
23 Project to ensure awareness on lens
availability in Indian market
24 History of Spectacles, manufacturing overview, 3
Definition, parts & measurements 5
Classification of frames – Materials (cover in
detail), Colours and Temple position (advantages
& disadvantages, where to use)
25 Special purpose frames (sports, kids, reading) 2

95 Hrs

DISPENSING OPTICS

SL
NO TOPICS HOURS

1 Components of spectacle prescription &

interpretation, transposition, Add and near power 2
relation
2 Frame selection – based on spectacle prescription, 4
professional requirements, age group, face shape
3 Measuring Inter-pupillary distance (IPD) for distance 2
& near, bifocal height
4 Lens & Frame markings, Pupillary centers, bifocal 2
heights, Progressive markings & adjustments –
facial wrap, pantoscopic tilt
 5 Recording and ordering of lenses (power, add, 2
diameter, base, material, type, lens enhancements)
6 Neutralization – Hand &lensometer, axis marking, 4
prism marking
7 Faults in spectacles (lens fitting, frame fitting, 3
patient’s complaints, description, detection and
correction)
8 Final checking & dispensing of spectacles to 2
customers, counseling on wearing & maintaining of
spectacles, Accessories – Bands, chains, boxes,
slevets, cleaners, screwdriver kit
9 Spectacle repairs – tools, methods, soldering, 2
riveting, frame adjustments
10 Special types of spectacle frames 2
 Monocles
 Ptosis crutches
 Industrial safety glasses
 Welding glasses
11 Frame availability in Indian market

25

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Principles of Ophthalmic lenses M.O.Jalie – 2nd edition

2. System for ophthalmic dispensing Clifford.W.Brooks, Irwin.M.Borish
3. Clinical Optics Troy Fannin, Theodore Grosvenor – 2nd edition
4. Ophthalmic lenses & Dispensing M.O.Jalie – 2nd edition
5. Practical aspects of ophthalmic optics MargeretDowaliby – 4th edition

VISUAL OPTICS (THEORY)

SL
NO TOPICS HOURS

1 1.REVIEW OF GEOMETRIC OPTICS

1.1 Vergence and power
1.2 Conjugacy, Object space and image space
1.3 Sign convention
1.4 Spherical refracting surface 5
1.5 Spherical Mirror, catoptric power
1.6 Cardinal points
1.7 Magnification
1.8 Light and visual function , Clinical Relevance of: Fluorescence, Interference,
Diffraction, Polarization, Bi-refringence, Dichroism
1.9 Aberration and application
Spherical and Chromatin

2 OPTICS OF OCULAR STRUCTURES

2.1 Cornea and aqueous
 2.2 Crystalline lens 3
2.3 Vitreous
2.4 Schematic and reduced eye
3 Basic Aspects of Vision.
 Visual Acuity
 Light and Dark Adaptation 5
 Color Vision
 Spatial and Temporal Resolution
 Science of Measuring visual performance and Application to Clinical Optometry

4. REFRACTIVE ANOMALIES AND THEIR CAUSES

4.1 Etiology of refractive anomalies
4.2 Contributing variabilities and their ranges 05
4.3 Populating distributions of anomalies
4.4 Optical component measurement
4.5 Growth of eye in relation to refractive errors
5 VISUAL ACUITY
5.1 Definition, specification, Conversion, measurement & Recording (Distance&Near)
5.2 Test types (Distance & Near) – standard, choice, types, construction 5
5.3 Illumination of consultation room
54 Contrast sensitivity– Definition, charts available, measurements and recordings

5.5 Trial set & Trial frame& Phoropter – advantages and disadvantages
6 REFRACTIVECONDITIONS
Aetiology, optical condition, types, clinical features and management
1.1 Emmetropia/Ametropia
1.2 Myopia
1.3 Hyperopia 18
1.4 Astigmatism
1.5 Anisometropia And Aniseikonia
1.6 Presbyopia
1.7 Aphakia and pseudophakia, Biometry
1.8 Axial Vs Refractive Ametropia
7 ACCOMMODATION
7.1. Mechanism
7.2. Range & Amplitudes of accommodation 03
7.3. Anomalies of accommodation
8 CONVERGENCE
8.1. Types, measurement & Anomalies 02
8.2. Relation between accommodation & convergence
9 Retinoscopy (Static & Dynamic)
9.1. Principle, instrumentation & Types
9.2. Procedure & Interpretation of findings – Transposition & Spherical equivalent
9.3. Dynamic retinoscopy – various methods 12
9.4. Radical retinoscopy &Mohindra’s near retinoscopy
9.5. Subjective refraction – Principle, astigmatic chart, binocular balancing &
binocular refraction
9.6. Cycloplegic refraction
10 EFFECTIVE POWER & MAGNIFICATION
10.1. Ocular refraction Vs Spectacle refraction
10.2. Ocular accommodation Vs Spectacle accommodation 02
10.3. Spectacle magnification & Relative spectacle magnification
10.4. Retinal image blur – Depth of focus & Depth of field

60Hrs
 VISUAL OPTICS - PRACTICAL

SL
NO TOPICS HOURS

Part 1. Study of purkinje images I & II, III & IV

I 2. Mathematical models of the eye- Emmetropia, Hyperopia, & Myopia
3. Effect of trial lenses & accessories in front of the eye

Part 1.Visual acuity

II  Measurement & recording (Distance & Near)
2.Retinoscopy – Practice of retinoscopy (Dry & wet) in
 Emmetropia, Myopia, Hypermetropia, Astigmatism, Anisometropia, Presbyopia,
Aphakia, Pseudophakia, media opacities, strabismus & Eccentric fixation 60
 Interpretation of retinoscopic findings
 Subjective verification
 Prescription writing
 Methods of differentiating axial Vs Refractive ametropia
 Dynamic retinoscopy – Methods
3.Accommodation & Convergence
 Measurement of range & Amplitude of accommodation
 Measurement of Near point of Convergence

60

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Duke Elder’s practice of refraction David Abrams – 10th edition

2. Clinical refraction Irwin.M.Borish
3. Primary care Optometry Theodore Grosvenor – 4th edition
4. Clinical pearls in refractive care D.Leonard Werner, Leonard.J.Press
 OPTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS

SL NO
TOPICS HOURS

1 Pre examination history 02

2 Refractive Instruments
1.1 Visual acuity charts,Features, Advantages& disadvantages, newer developments 10
1.2 . Trial case lenses – best form lenses
1.3 . Trial frame design – Phoropter – Advantages & Difficulties
1.4 . Retinoscope – Optics, types, adjustments & special features
1.5 . Autorefractometer – Schenier’s and other optical principles, Features, Advantages&
disadvantages, newer developments
1.6 Vision analyzer
1.7 Potential Acuity Meter,
1.8 Pupilometer ,
3 Corneal Diagnostics 18
Keratometer
1.1. Keratometric principle
1.2. Types – Bausch & Lomb, Javal-Schiotz models
1.3. Measurement, Documentation & Interpretation of data
Corneal topography
2.1. Placido’s disc
2.2. Photokeratoscope
2.3. Topography Modelling System
2.4. ORBSCAN & PENTACAM
Aberrometer
3.1 Principle
3.2 Instrumentation, clinical procedure & Interpretation
Pachymeter
4.1 Principle, Types
4.2 Instrumentation & Clinical procedure, Indications
4 Lens checking instruments
3.1. Optometer principle
3.2. Badal & non-badal principle – advantages & disadvantages 06
3.3. Lens gauge or clock
3.4. Hand neutralization
5 Slit Lamp
4.1. Slit-lamp systems
4.2. Mechanical design 09
4.3. Illumination techniques
4.4. Accessories
4.5. Scanning laser devices
6 Glaucoma Diagnostics
Tonometer 07
1.1. Types, principle & standardization (Schiotz, Applanation & NCT)
1.2. Measurement, documentation & interpretation of results
Field of Vision and Screening Devices 15
2.1. Introduction – Visual fields & boundaries of visual fields
2.2. Visual field screening devices – Central & Peripheral
2.3. Quantitative perimetry – Manual & Automated
2.4. Results & Analysis of visual field examination
Gonioscope 04
3.1. Principle & Instrumentation
3.2. Direct Gonioscope
3.3. Indirect Gonioscope
Optical Coherence Tomography 05
 4.1 Anterior and Posterior OCT
4.2 Principle & Instrumentation
4.3 Clinical Procedure & Interpretation
Glaucoma imaging& newer developments
7 Color vision testing devices
8.1. Color vision theories
8.2. Common color vision defects 09
8.3. Pseudoisochromatic test plates
8.4. Color arrangement tests
8.5. Interpretation & clinical significance of findings
8 Ophthalmoscopes
10.1. Optical principle & Types
10.2. Direct ophthalmoscope – Instrumentation, Characteristics clinical procedure& Uses 08
10.3. Indirect ophthalmoscope – Instrumentation, Characteristics, clinical procedure & Uses
10.4. Direct ophthalmoscope Vs Indirect ophthalmoscope\
10.5 Fundus biomicroscope- Principle & Instrumentation, Characteristics clinical procedure&
Uses

9 Ophthalmic Ultrasonography
14.1. Physics of Ultrasonography
14.2. A-scan – Procedure & clinical uses
14.3. B-Scan – Procedure & Clinical uses
10 Electrophysiology – ERG, VEP & EOG 06
Principle & Instrumentation, Characteristics clinical procedure&Uses,interpretation of report

11 Fundus camera &Flourescine angiography 03

CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF VISUAL SYSTEM

SL
NO TOPICS HOURS
1 History of the ophthalmic subject
1.1. Ocular history
1.2. Medical history
1.3. Family history
1.4. Systemic history
2 Assessment of visual acuity
2.1. Distance & Near visual acuity
2.2. Color vision & Contrast sensitivity
3 Examination of Extra Ocular Muscle balance
4 Assessment of accommodation & Convergence
5 Pupil evaluation & Measurement of Inter pupillary distance (IPD) 100
6 Slit Lamp examination
6.1. Examination of eye lids, conjunctiva & sclera
6.2. Examination of cornea & lens
6.3. Examination of iris, Ciliary body & pupil
7 Examination of Intra ocular pressure – Schiotz& Applanation
8 Assessment of angle of anterior chamber
9 Ophthalmoscopy – Direct & Indirect
10 Optic disc evaluation
11 Examination of Lacrimal system
12 Examination of orbit
13 Macular function tests
14 Visual field charting – Central & Peripheral
RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Optometric instrumentation David.B.Henson

2. Clinical ophthalmology (VOL-I) Thomas.D.Duane
3. Primary care Optometry Theodore Grosvenor – 4th edition
4. Clinical Procedures in Optometry J.BoydEskside, John.F.Amos, Jimmy.D.Bartlet – 1st edition
5. Automated static perimetry Anderson & Patella – 2ns edition
6. Investigative techniques & Ocular examination Sandip Doshi, William Harvey
7. Diagnosis of defective color vision Jennifer birch – 2nd edition

Pharmacology
SL TOPICS HOURS
No.
1 GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 5
1.1 Introductionand sources of drugs 1
Routes of drug administration
1.2 PHARMACOKINETICS – 2
Absorption and bioavailability
Distribution
Biotransformation
Excretion
1.3 PHARMACODYNAMICS- 2
Types and Mechanism of action
Factors affecting
Adverse drug reactions

2. SYSTEMIC PHARMACOLOGY 24
2.1 ANS Introduction, neurotransmitters and mechanism of action 1
Ophthalmic Uses and adverse effects of drugs affecting autonomic nervous 4
system.
Skeletal muscle relaxants 1
2.2 CVS ANTIHYPERTENSIVES 1
ANTIANGINAL DRUGS 1
2.3 RENAL DIURETICS –EMPHASIS ON DRUGS USED IN OCCULAR DISORDER 1
2.4CNS SEDATIVE HYPNOTICS 1
ALCOHOL
GENERAL ANDLOCAL ANESTHETICS 1

OPOIDS 1
NON STEROIDAL ATIINFLAMMAOTRY AGENTS 1
Antihistaminics mast cell stabilizers
2.5 General Chemotherapy 5
CHEMOTHE Examples/classification, antibacterial activity uses and adverse effects of
RAPY Sulphonamides and fluoroquinolones
Beta lactam antibiotics
Tetracyclines and chloramphenicol
Macrolides
Aminoglycosides
Others: Polymyxin Bacitracin
Specific chemotherapy- in brief 3
 Antifungal
Antiviral
Antitubercular
Antileprotics
2.6 Corticosteroids 2
HORMONES Antidiabetics
2.7 BLOOD Coagulants 1
3 OCCULAR PHARMACOLOGY 4
3.1 Ocular formulations and 2
Ocular routes of administration drug delivery system and special ocular drug
delivery system

3.2 Ocular pharmacokinetics 1

Delivery methods of Ocular Medication: Residence in the conjunctival sac, drug
vehicles affect
drug delivery, advanced ocular delivery systems,

3.3drugs induced Ocular toxicity 1

4 DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF DRUGS IN 11
OPHTHALMOLOGY
4.1 DRUGS USED TO ASSIST IN OCULAR DIAGNOSIS 1
Anterior Segment and External Diagnostic Uses
Posterior Segment Diagnostic Uses
4.2 Drugs and biological agents used in ocular surgery 2
Anesthetics used in ophthalmic procedures
Presurgical Antiseptics
Viscoelastic Substances
Ophthalmic Glue
Anterior Segment Gases
Vitreous Substitutes
Surgical Hemostasis and Thrombolytic Agents
4.3 Drug s used in treatment of 1
Glaucoma,
Esotropia
Ocular myasthenia
4.3 Pharmacotherapy of ocular infections- 1
Bacterial
Viral
Fungal and
Chlamydial
Protozoal
4.4 Drugs used inallergic conditions, inflammatory 1
disorders and degenerative disorders of the eye
4.5 Immune modulators in ophthalmic practice 1
4.6 Other agents used in ophthalmic practice 2
Mydriatics and Miotics
Enzymes
Trcae elements
Antioxidants
Wetting Agents,
Tear Substitutes,
Osmotic Agents
4.7 Miscellaneous 2
Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Treatment of Strabismus,
Blepharospasm, and Related Disorders
Agents Used to Treat Blind and Painful Eye
VITAMIN A
 1. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics goodmanGilman 13th edition
2. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology KD tripathi
3. Bartlett and Jaanus: Clinical Ocular Pharmacology
4. T S MAUGER & E L CRAIG - MOSBY'S - OCULAR DRUG HANDBOOK

MICROBIOLOGY

SL
NO TOPICS HOURS

I 1. Sterilization and Disinfection generally used in laboratory and hospital

practice
2. Details of common bacteria, viruses and other organisms
3. Morphology and principles of cultivation of bacteria 15
4. Common bacterial infections of the eye
5. Common fungal infections of the eye
6. Common viral infections of the eye
7. Common parasitic infections of the eye

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Text book of microbiology- Ananth Narayan

2. Text book of microbiology- C.P baveja
3. Ocular Microbilogy- pk Mukherjee, preetibandyopadya

PATHOLOGY
SL
NO TOPICS HOURS
1. General introduction
2. Inflammation and repair
3. Infections [Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Syphilis, Fungus, Virus, Chlamydiae]
4. Genetic abnormality
5. Hematology [Anemia, Leukemia, Bleeding disorders]
6. Circulatory disturbances [Shock, edema, Thrombosis, Infarction, Embolism]
7. Clinical pathology
[Examination of urine and blood smears]
8. Ophthalmic wound healing 15
9. Eyelid [normal and pathology including inflammations and tumours]
10. Cornea [Normal and pathology in degeneration and dystrophies]
11. Lens [normal and pathology of cataract]
12. Retina [normal and pathology in inflammatory diseases, infections]
13. Intraocular tumours [Retinoblastoma and choroidal melanoma]
14. Orbit [inflammation and neoplasia]
15. Optic nerve [normal and tumours]
RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. General pathology- Harsh Mohan

2. Text book of Pathology - N.C.Dey
3. Basic Pathology- Robbins

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
SL
NO TOPICS HOURS

1. Introduction to psychology
2. Intelligence, Learning, Memory, Personality, Motivation
3. Body integrity- one’s body image
4. Patient in his Milan
5. Self-concept of the therapist, Therapist patient relationship-some guidelines 20
6. Illness and its impact on the patients
7. Maladies of the age and their impact on the patient’s own and others concept of his
body image
8. Adapting changes in vision
9. Why Medical Psychology needs / demands commitment?

PUBLIC RELATIONS
SL
NO TOPICS HOURS

1. Media and public relations

2. Communication sensitivity - Oneway- twoway communication - Listening evaluation-
Active listening
3. Persuasive communication - Barriers to communication
4. Interpersonal Relationship – conflict management
5. Group process - Case discussion
6. Creative problem solving 15
7. Public relation and education
8. PR relevance in Indian context- Discussions
9. Behaviour modification
10. Perception and personality
11. PR and hospitals
12. Leadership process
13. Conclusion- Relationship of these input to PR

15 Hrs
 HOSPITAL PROCEDURE
SL
NO TOPICS HOURS

1. General idea about the role, importance and procedures of the following within the
hospital set up]
2. Medical records 10
3. Medical photography
4. Computer networking system
5. Laboratory technology

10 Hrs
THIRD YEAR B.Sc. OPTOMETRY SYLLABUS

 Contact Lens
 Systemic Diseases (SecA) and Ocular Diseases (Sec B)
 Low vision aids &Geriatric Optometry
 Research Methodology & Statistics
 Pediatric Optometry, Squint and Binocular Vision and advance in optometry
 Practice management, law in optometry (Sec A) & occupational optometry (Sec
B)

CONTACT LENS (THEORY)

SL TOPICS HOURS
NO
1
1.1. Introduction to CL (Definition /Types)
1.2 History of Contact Lens
1.3 Review of Ocular Anatomy & Physiology
A. Lids
B.Tearfilm
C. Lacrimal Apparatus
D. Cornea 6
E. Conjunctiva

2
2.1. Glossary of terms – Contact lenses
2.2. Optics of Contact Lens
A. Magnification & Visual Field 12
B. Accommodation & Convergence
C. Back/Front Vertex Power (Vertex Distance Calculation)
D. Axial & Refractive Ammetropia
2.3 Contact Lens materials
A. Monomer/Polymer
B. Properties of CL Material (RGP& SCL)
2.4 Manufacturing of CL (RGP, SCL& SOFT TORIC)
2.5.Indications & Contraindications
3.1. Contact Lens Design & Parameters
A. RGP contact lens design
B. Soft Contact lens design 8
3.2 Preliminary Examination
A. Instruments & Its use in Contact Lens Practice (Pachymeter/Specular Microscopy/
Keratometer/Placido Disc /Corneal Topography, Slit Lamp Biomicroscope)
B. Steps of Preliminary Examination
C. Significance of each steps
3.3 Parameter Selection (Base Curve/ Diameter)
3.4. Fitting philosophies
4.1 Types of CL
A. Soft Contact Lens(SCL)
B. Soft toric Contact Lens (SOFT TORIC) 10
C. Rigid gas Permeable Contact Lens(RGP)
Indication, Parameter selection, Modification, Fitting assessment & Recording, Final
Prescription, Dispensing & Follow up Visit with Examination for each type of CL
4.2 Fitting in astigmatism – Toric CL
A. Stabilization Technique
4.3 Handling of Contact Lens (RGP/SCL/SOFT TORIC)
A. Insertion& Removal (RGP/SCL/SOFT Toric)
B..Do’s& Don’ts

5.1. Wearing Modalities/Replacement Schedule

5.2 Care & Maintenance (RGP/SCL)
A. Cleaning Agent & Importance
B. Rinsing agent & Importance 7
C. Disinfecting Agent & Importance
D. Lubricating & Enzymatic Action
5.2 Lens care and hygiene, instructions, compliance
5.3. Contact Lens solutions
5.4 Care of contact lenses

6.1 Contact Lens Deposits (RGP/SCL)

6.2 Complication of contact lens ( RGP /SCL)

6
7.1 Speciality Contact Lens

A. Therapuetic Contact Lens (Indication / Fitting Assessment)

B. Peaditric Contact Lens Fitting (Aphakia& Pseudophakia) 7
C. Post Refractive Surgery
D. Fitting in irregular astigmatism – Keratoconus/PMD etc
E. Contact lenses for special purposes – Swimming, sports, occupational etc
F. Orthokeratology
7.2 Bifocal Contact Lens (Types/Indication/Fitting assessment)

8.1. Modifications of finished CL

8.2. Inspection& Verification of finished contact lenses
2
Review of Contact lenses & Solutions available in India

01
10.1. Recent developments in contact lenses
10.2. Current contact lens research. 1

60
 CONTACT LENS PRACTICALS
SL TOPICS HOURS
NO
1
1.1. Fitting& Dispensing of contact lenses in Myopia, Hyperopia, Astigmatism, Presbyopia,
Anisometropia, Aphakia, Pseudophakia, Keratoconus, PMD etc 20
1.2. Paediatric contact lens fitting
1.3.CL fitting following ocular surgeries
1.4. Visit to factories manufacturing contact lenses

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Contact Lenses Antony.J.Philips, Janet Stone

2. Textbook of Contact Lenses V.K.Dada – 4th Edition
3. Contact Lens Practice Ruben &Guillon
4. Color Atlas of Contact Lens Montague Rubem
5. Contact Lens – The CLAO guide Peter.R.Castle
6. IACLE – Contact Lens modules International Association of Contact Lens Educators,
Sydney, Australia
7.Manual of Contact Lens prescribing & Fitting Milton.M.Hom – 3rd edition
8. Manual of Gas Permeable contact Lens Edward.S.Bennet, Milton.M.Hom – 2nd edition
9. Clinical manual of specialized CL prescribing Terry.R.Scheid
10. Clinical Contact Lens Practice Edward.s.Bennet, Barry.A.weissman
11. Cosmetic Contact Lens & Artificial eyes Devendra Kumar & Gopal Krishnan
12. Common Contact Lens Complications lyndon.W.Jones, Deborah.A.Jones
13. Anterior segment Complication of CL wear Joel Silbert – 2nd edition
14. Contact lens practice NatrhanEffron

OCULAR DISEASES
SL TOPICS HOURS
NO
1 EYELIDS 5
1.1 Eye lid anatomy review
1.2 Congenital anomalies
Blepharophimosis, Epicanthus, Cryptophthalmos, Coloboma, Hemangioma
1.3 Acquired disorders
External and Internal hordeolum,Chalazion,Lidoedema, Blepharitis,
Blepharospasm
1.4 Eyelid tumours
Evaluation, Benign lesions, Malignant tumours
1.5 Malpositioning disorders
Ectropion, Entropion, Trichiasis, Distichiasis, Symblepharon, Ankyloblepharon,
Eyelid retraction, Lagophthalmos,Poliosis,Madarosis
1.6 Ptosis
Classification, Clinical evaluation and Management
1.7 Eyelid trauma
2 LACRIMAL SYSTEM 4
2.1 Lacrimal anatomy review
2.2 Methods of Lacrimal evaluation
2.3 Congenital and developmental anomalies
2.4 Infections of lacrimal system
 2.5 Tumours of lacrimal system
2.6 Lacrimal trauma
2.7 Dry eye and Watering
Etiology , Clinical evaluation and Management
3 ORBIT 4
3.1 Orbital anatomy
3.2 Evaluation of orbital disordres
3.3 Congenital and developmental anomalies of orbit
Anophthalmos, Microphthalmos,Nanophthalmos,Cryptophthalmos,Hypertelorism,
Craniofacial anomalies,Craniosynostosis
3.4 Orbital tumours
Dermoids, Hemangiomas, Rhabdmyosarcoma, Optic nerve glioma, Meningiomas,
3.5 Orbital inflammations
Preseptalcellulitis,Orbitalcellulitis,Orbitalperiostitis,Cavernous sinus thrombosis,
Sinus related disorders
3.7 Orbital trauma
Blow out fractures
3.8 Proptosis
Etiology, Classifications, clinical evaluation and Management
3.9 Graves Ophthalmopathy
Etiology, Examination, and Management
3.10 Enophthalmos
Etiology, Evaluation and Management
4 SCLERA 2
4.1 Sclera anatomy review
4.2 Blue sclera
4.3 Scleral Degenerations
Ectasia and staphyloma
4.4 Scleral Inflammations
Scleritis and episcleritis
4.5 Toxic and traumatic injuries of sclera
5 CONJUNCTIVA and CORNEA 6
5.1 Anatomy review

A) Conjunctiva
5.2 Examination techniques
5.3 Inflammations of Conjunctiva
Conjunctivitis (classification, etiology, evaluation and management)
5.4 Degenerative conditions
Pinguecula, Pterygium, Concretions
5.5 Symptomatic conditions
Hyperaemia, Chemosis, Ecchymosis, Xerosis, Discoloration, Papillae, Follicles,
Hemorrhage
5.6 Cysts and tumours

B) Cornea
5.7 Congenital anomalies
Megalocornea, Microcormea,Cornea plana, Cloudy cornea
5.8 Corneal Dystrophies
Classifications, evaluation and management
5.9 Corneal degenerations
Arcus senilis, Hassal-henle bodies, Lipoid Keratopathy, Band shaped keratopathy,
Salzmann’s nodular degeneration, Droplet keratopathy, Pellucid Marginal
Degeneration,Cornealguttatta
5.10 Keratoconus and Keratoglobus
(Etiology, Classifications, Clinical evaluation and Management)
5.11 Corneal inflammations
 Keratitis/Ulcer (Etiology, Classifications, Evaluation and Management)
  Corneal oedema
 Corneal opacity and neovascularization

5.12 Miscellaneous ocular surface disorders

 Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
 Steven Johnson Syndrome
 Benign Mucosal Pemphigoid- ocular pemphigoid
 Vitamin A deficiency
 Trauma and burns
 Metabolic diseases associated with corneal changes

5.13 Corneal surgeries

5.14 Slit lamp colour coding
6 LENS 5
6.1 Normal lens anatomy, physiology and aging process
6.2 Congenital and Developmental defects
Aphakia, Lenticonus, Lentiglobus, Coloboma,Peters anomaly, Microspherophakia, Cataract
6.3 Acquired lenticular defects
Morphological cataract
Drug induced cataract
Traumatic cataract
Metabolic cataract
Complicated cataract
Association with other ocular disorders and syndromes
6.4 Cataract Management
Surgical and non-surgical management
Pre-operative evaluation
Complications of cataract surgery
6.5 Lens displacement
Lens subluxation and dislocation

UVEA AND PUPIL 6

7.1 Congenital anomalies
Heterochromia, Aniridia, Coloboma, Correctopia, Polycoria, Pupillary membrane
7.2 Inflammations of Uvea
Classification of uveitis
Etiology and pathogenesis
Clinical approach to uveitis
Endophthalmitis and panophthalmitis
Complications of uveitis
Ocular involvement in AIDS
7.3 Tumours of uvea
7.4 Anomalies of pupillary reactions
VITREOUS 2
8.1 Developmental abnormalities
Hereditary hyaloidoretinopathies
Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous
8.2 Vitreous opacities
Asteroid hyalosis
Cholesterolosis
Pigment granules in vitreous
Vitreous haemorrhage
8.3 Posterior vitreous detachment
Etiology, Clinical features and Management
8.4 Trauma and vitreous
8.5 Inflammations and vitreous
8.6 Parasitic infestations
8.7 Vitreous complications secondary to surgery
RETINA 6
9.1 Applied anatomy
9.2 Congenital and developmental anomalies
Optic disc coloboma, Drusen, Hypoplasia, Medullated nerve fibers
9.3 Retinopathy of prematurity
Etiology, Stages, Clinical features and Management
9.4 Retinal vascular diseases
Diabetic retinopathy
Associated with cardiovascular disease
 Hypertensive retinopathy
 Retinal artery and vein occlusions
9.5 Retinal Inflammations
Retinitis, Retinal vasculitis
9.6 Retinal degenerations
Retinitis pigmentosa, Lattice degenerations
9.7 Macular disorders
Hereditory diseases
Central serous retinopathy
Cystoid macular oedema
Solar retinopathy
Albinism
Age related macular degeneration
Macular holes
9.8 Retinal detachment and Retinoschisis
Etiology, Classifications, Clinical features and management
9.9 Retinal tumours
 Retinoblastoma
 Retinal and optic nerve head astrocytomas
 Lymphoid tumour
9.11 Miscellaneous disorders
Epiretinal membranes
Intraocular foreign bodies
Other metabolic disorders of retina
Diseases of choroidal vasculature and Bruch’s membrane
Diseases of retinal pigment epithelium

9.11 Fundus Drawing –colour coding

NEURO OPHTHALMOLOGY 5
10.1 Applied anatomy review
10.2 Neuro ophthalmic examination
 History
 Visual acuity
 Colour vision
 Pupillary evaluation
 Ocular motility
 Fundus examination
 Visual field examination
 Adjunctive tests
10.3 Visual pathway and systems
 Vascular supply to anterior and posterior visual systems
 Visual pathway defects
 Disorders of visual integration
 Disorders of higher cortical functions
 Disorders with ocular motility anomalies/diplopia
10.4 Nystagmus
Etiology, classifications, clinical evaluations and management
 10.5 Miscellaneous disorders
 Systemic disorders with neuro ophthalmologic signs
 Optic neuropathy
 Papilledema
 Papillitis

GLAUCOMA 5
11.1 Optic nerve, Anterior chamber and Aqueous Dynamics Review
11.2 Overview of glaucoma Diagnostic instruments
11.3 Evaluation of optic nerve head
11.4 Classification of glaucoma
11.5 Primary open angle glaucoma
Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management
11.6 Primary angle closure glaucoma
Etiology, clinical classification, clinical features, diagnosis and management
11.7 Developmental glaucoma
Congenital glaucoma, Infantile glaucoma and juvenile glaucoma
Syndromes with glaucoma
11.8 Secondary glaucoma
Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma, Inflammation induced,
Neovascular glaucoma, Lens induced glaucoma, Traumatic glaucoma
11.9 Glaucoma management
Pharmacological and surgical management
11.10 Glaucoma screening

SYSTEMIC DISEASES
1 ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
1.1. Pathophysiology, classification, clinical examination, Diagnosis
1.2. Complications, management
1.3.Hypertension and the eye
2 DIABETES MELLITUS
2.1. Pathology, classifications, clinical features
2.2. Diagnosis, complications, management
2.3. Diabetes mellitus and the eye
3 ACQUIRED HEART DISEASES- EMBOLISM
3.1. Rheumatic fever- Pathophysiology, classifications, diagnosis
complications and management
3.2. embolism
3.3.Subacute bacterial endocarditis
4 CANCER –INTRODUCTION
4.1. Definition, nomenclature, characteristics of benign and malignant
4.2. Grading of staging of cancer, diagnosis, principles of treatment
4.3.Neoplasia and the eye
5 CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES
5.1. Anatomy and pathophysiology: arthritis 30
5.2.Eye and connective tissue diseases
6 THYROID DISEASE
6.1. Anatomy and physiology of thyroid gland
6.2. Classification of thyroid disease
6.3. Diagnosis, complications, clinical features, management
6.4.Thyroid disease and the eye
7 TUBERCULOSIS
7.1. Etiology, pathology, clinical features, pulmonary tuberculosis, diagnosis, complication,
treatment
7.2.Tuberculosis and the eye
8 8.1Herpes virus (Herpes simplex, Varicella Zoster, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr Virus)
8.2Herpes and the eye
9 Hepatitis ( Hepatitis A, B, C) 2
10 Myasthenia Gravis
11
HELMINTHIASIS
8.1. Classification of helminthic diseases, - schistosomiasis,
8.2. principles of diagnosis and management
8.3.Helminthic disease and the eye[ Taenia., echinococcus, larva migrans
12 COMMON TROPICAL MEDICAL AILMENTS
9.1. Introduction to tropical diseases: malaria
9.2.Tropical diseases and the eye- leprosy, toxoplasmosis, syphilis, Trachoma
13 MALNUTRITION
10.1.Etiology & nutritional disorders of the eye
14 INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOLOGY
11.1. Introduction& components of immune system
11.2. Principles of immunity in health
11.3. Immunology in disease
11.4.Immunology and the eye
15 GENETICS
12.1. Introduction to genetics
12.2. Organisation of the cell
12.3. Chromosome structure and cell division
12.4. Gene structure and basic principles of genetics
12.5. Genetic disorders and their diagnosis
12.6. Genes and the eye
12.7.Genetic counseling and genetic engineering

80 Hrs

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Clinical Ophthalmology Jack.J.Kanski – 4th edition

2. Textbook of Ophthalmology A.K.Khurana
3. Parson’s diseases of the eye Revised by RamanjithSihota& Radhika Tandon
4. Glaucoma Handbook Anthony.B.Litwak

LOW VISION AIDS (THEORY)

SL
NO TOPICS HOURS
1 Introduction
1.1. Definition & Classification 02
1.2. Causes of Low Vision
1.3. Optometrist’s role in Low Vision management
2 Examination of a Patient with Low vision
2.1. Case history
2.2. Visual acuity
 Distant vision – Charts, measurement & Documentation 15
 Near vision - Charts, measurement & Documentation
 Refraction – Significance & Technique
 Diagnostic procedures in low vision examination
Screening for vision disability
 A collaborative model of service delivery
 Teaching other staff how to screen for vision disability and refer to you
 Six sensory impairments, realistic simulations and performance signs

Impaired acuity
Impaired contrast sensitivity
Central field loss
Peripheral field loss
Oculomotor problems
Perceptual impairment
 Normal age related vision loss
 Pathogenesis
 Sighted guide instructional video

3 Optics & Characteristics of Low vision aids

3.1. Magnification
3.2. Galilean telescope Vs Keplarian Telescopes
3.3. Spectacle magnifiers
3.4. Hand Magnifiers 5
3.5. Stand Magnifiers
3.6. CCTV
3.7. Bioptic telescopes
3.8.Accessory low vision aids
4 Selection of Low vision aids for distance, intermediate & Near 02
5 Guidelines & training to use various aids 02
6 Choices of tests & Aids in various pathological conditions
6.1. Conditions causes overall blurring of the visual field
6.2. Condions causes central field defects 05
6.3.Conditions causes peripheral field defects
7 Light, glare & Contrast in Low vision care & Rehabilitation 01
8 Children with low vision 01
9 Genetics 01
10 Rehabilitation of visually handicapped 01
11 Definitions and eligibility for services in India 02
12 Description of advanced low vision devices and their practice 03

40
 LOW VISION AIDS - PRACTICAL

1 Demonstration followed by evaluation of a low vision patient by students

 Low vision case history
 Visual acuity measurement & Documentation
 Refraction 10
 Needed diagnostic tests for each pathological condition
 Selection, trial & dispensing of visual aids
 Rehabilitation methods

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Low vision care- E.B.Mehr, Allen.N.Fried

2. Clinical Low vision- Eleanor.E.Fay

GERIATRIC OPTOMETRY
SL
NO TOPICS HOURS

1 1.1. Introduction
1.2. structural& physiological changes in the eye associated with ageing 2
 Structural changes to lid & adnexa
 Physiological changes to cornea, lens & Uvea
 Degenerative & Physiological changes in vitreous, choroid & retina
2 2.1. Optical& refractive changes
 Refractive changes in cornea, lens & vitreous 03
 Refractive changes due to diabetes
 Refractive changes due to uveitis
3  Cataract
 Glaucoma
 Macular disorders 03
 Vascular disorders
4 Optical correction of refractive conditions 02
5 Dispensing in geriatric age groups
 Spectacle 03
 Contact lenses

15Hrs
RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. vision of the ageing patient Hirsch Wick

2. Vision &Aeing – General & Clinical perspective Alfred Rosenboom, Meredith.W.Morgan
3.Clinical refraction Borish

PEDIATRIC OPTOMETRY

SL TOPICS HOURS
NO

1 Introduction
1.1. Review of ocular anatomy & Physiology 03
1.2.Visual development-– visual system, visual acuity, refractive error, contrast sensitivity
function, eye movements, accommodation, binocular vision, color vision
2 Pediatric case history
2.1. Genetic factors
2.2. Prenatal factors 04
2.3. Perinatal factors
2.4.Postnatal factors
3 Normal Appearance, pathology and structural anomalies of
 Orbit
 Eyelids
 Lacrimal system
 Conjunctiva
 Cornea 03
 Sclera
 Anterior chamber, Uveal tract, pupils
 Lens
 Vitreous, Fundus
 Oculomotor system
4 Ocular Examination
4.1. Measurement of visual acuity
 Various visual acuity charts for different age groups
 Teller acuity chart & VEP
4.2. Measurement of refractive status
 Dry & Cycloplegic refraction 06
 Interpretation of results
4.3. 4.3. Assessment of oculomotor function
4.4. Measurement of fusion and stereopsis, color vision
4.5. Assessment of accommodation & Convergence
5 Post examination processes
5.1. Compensatory treatment & remedial therapy for
 Myopia
 Pseudomyopia
 Hyperopia 04
 Astigmatism
 Anisometropia
 Strabismus
 Nystagmus
6 Pediatric dispensing
 Spectacles 04
 Contact Lenses

20 Hrs
RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Principles & Practice of pediatric optometry Alfred Rosenboom, M.W.Morgan

2. Pediatric Optometry Jerome Rosner
3. Clinical pediatric optometry Leonard.J.Press – 1stedition
4. Visual Development, Diagnosis, Treatment of the Robert H Duckman
Pediatric Patients

BINOCULAR VISION & ADVANCES IN OPTOMETRY (THEORY)

SL NO TOPICS HOURS

1 Binocular Vision and Space perception.

 Relative subjective visual direction.
 Retino motor value
 Grades of BSV
 SMP and Cyclopean Eye
 Correspondence,
 Fusion, Diplopia, Retinal rivalry
 Horopter
 Physiological Diplopia and
 Suppression
 Stereopsis, Panum’s area, BSV.
 Stereopsis and monocular clues -significance.
 Egocentric location, clinical applications.
 Theories of Binocular vision.

2 Anatomy of Extra Ocular Muscles.

 Rectii and Obliques, LPS.
 Innervation & Blood Supply.
Physiology of Ocular movements. 06
 Center of rotation, Axes of Fick.
 Action of individual muscle.
Laws of ocular motility
 Donder’s and Listing’s law
 Sherrington’s law
 Hering’s law
Uniocular & Binocular movements - fixation, saccadic & pursuits.
 Version & Vergence.
 Fixation & field of fixation
3 Near Vision Complex
Accommodation
 Definition and mechanism (process). 04
 Methods of measurement.
 Stimulus and innervation.
 Types of accommodation.
 Anomalies of accommodation – aetiology and management.
4 Convergence
 Definition and mechanism.
 Methods of measurement.
 Types and components of convergence - Tonic, accommodative, fusional, proximal. 06
 Anomalies of Convergence – aetiology and management.
 5 Sensory adaptations Confusion 02

6 Suppression Investigations
Management Blind spot syndrome 04

7 Abnormal Retinal Correspondence

Investigation and management 02
Blind spot syndromeSurgical
8 Eccentric Fixation 02
Investigation and management
9 Amblyopia Classification 04
Aeitiology Investigation Management
10 Neuro-muscular anomalies 02
Classification and
etiological factors
11 History – recording and 02
significance.
12 Convergent strabismus 06
 Accommodative convergent squint
 Classification
 Investigation and Management
 Non accommodative Convergent squint
 Classification
 Investigation and Management
13 Divergent Strabismus 04
Classification
A& V phenomenon
Investigation and Management
14 Vertical strabismus 02
Classification
Investigation and Management
15 Paralytic Strabismus 04
Acquired and Congenital
Clinical Characteristics
Distinction from comitant and restrictive Squint
16 Investigations 12
 History and symptoms
 Head Posture
 Diplopia Charting
 Hess chart
 PBCT
 Nine directions
 Binocular field of vision
17 Non-surgical Management of Squint 02

18 Restrictive Strabismus Features 06

 Musculofascical anomalies
 Duane’s Retraction syndrome
 Clinical features and management
 Brown’s Superior oblique sheath syndrome
 Strabismus fixus
 Congenital muscle fibrosis
 BINOCUALR VISION ADVANCES IN OPTOMETRY – PRACTICALS

SL TOPICS HOURS
NO

1 Strabismus assessment
 Cover test, Krimsky, Synaptophore, Sterioacuity test, Diplopia charting Examination 20
procedures of different types of strabismus and its non-surgical management.

20 Hrs

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Binocular vision & Ocular motility Von Noorden – 6th edition

2. Clinical management of binocular vision M.Scheimann, Bruce Wick – 2nd edition
3. Binocular anomalies John.R.Griffin, J.David Grisham – 4th edition
4. Practical binocular vision assessment Frank Eperjesi, Michelle.M.Rundstorm
5. Binocular vision & Orthoptics Bruce Evans, Sandip Doshi

PRACTICE MANAGEMENT

1. Basics of book keeping

2. Data management
3. Record keeping
4. Clinic management
5. Staff management
6. Inventory control
7. Public relations.
 Definitions.
 - its disfunction from publicity, propaganda & advertising.
 Internal and external aspects of PR

 community relation.
8. Methods of public relations:
 ns: Press release, Press conference, and Letter to editor.
 Printed work: Style, colour & design.
9. Basic Accountancy and Public relations

 Terms used in accounts, Principles of accountancy.


 petty cash book, sales register, purchase register, stock register



  General ideas about Income tax and sales tax.
 inability.
 Costing in practice (Buying, stock-keeping,assesment of fees and costing of appliance).

LAW AND OPTOMETRY

SL
NO TOPICS HOURS

1. Legal environment and techniques- History – law and equity

2. History and theory of licensure
3. Licensure as a means of internal and external discipline- unprofessional conduct-
incompetence- gross immorality
4. International optometry- important foreign optometry law
5. Optometrist in court
6. Malpractice- theory of liability- damages –minimizing malpractice claims 10
7. Insurance
8. Negligence
9. Ethics – professional ethics
10. Laws governing practice of medical and paramedical profession in India
11. Registered medical practitioner- laws against practice of medicine of those
unregistered- medical council of India- dental council- nursing council
12. Present rules and regulations – laws regarding optical product Manufacturers-
dispensing in India
13. Opticians- are they registered? Dispensing opticians- rules in UK

OCCUPATIONAL OPTOMETRY
SL
NO TOPICS HOURS
1 Public Health & Community Optometry
1. Public health &Community optometry- concepts and implementation
2. Global medicine and evolution of public health in India
3. Health care delivery systems in India and determinants of health
4. Quality assessment in health delivery programmes
5. Natural history of disease, transmission of disease
6. Levels of prevention – optometrist’s role in community
7. Concepts of national health programme 20
8. Screening in population (Screening for eye disease)
9. Epidemiology of blindness- cataract, glaucoma, deficiency disorders
10. Eye care in Primary Health care
11. Community Eye Care Programs
12. Community based Rehabilitation Program
13. Vision 2020: The Right to Sight
14. Scope of geriatric ophthalmology in preventive and rehabilitation care
15. Basics in research methodology in populations
16. Demography and vital statistics (This can be a part of Research Methadology )
17. National and international agencies in health care
18. Fundamentals of health economics, health plan
19. Evaluation &Assesment of Health Programmes
20. Role of Optometrist in Public Health & Community Optometry
21. Role of Optometrist in school eye screening Program
22. Community outreach-camps and school screening programmes
2 1.1. Introduction to occupational health, hygiene and safety
1.2.International bodies like ILO, WHO, national bodies like labour institutes, National
institutes of occupational health, national safety council etc
3 Acts and rules,
2.1. Factories act and rules
2.2.Workmen’s compensation act, ESI act etc
4 4.1 Light / Illumination
( Defination, Units ,Sources,advantages,disadvantages)
4.2 Color
(Defination,Color defects, Color vision tests)
4.3 Introduction to Different Occupation
Occupation where Illumination and Color vision is Important
5 5.1 Occupational Hazards
A. Physical Hazards
B. Biological Hazards
C. Ergonomic Hazards 20
D. Air-Borne Hazards
E. Chemical Hazards
Example of Occupation related to each Hazards
5.2 Radiation (Electromagnetic radiation, Ionizing& Non ionizing, Infrared, Ultraviolet,
Microwave & laser)
5.3 Pesticides – General & Ocular defects

5.3 Occupational hygiene & ergonomics

A. Environmental monitoring
B. Recognition, evaluation and control of hazards
6 6.1 Occupational diseases
A. Occupation related diseases caused by (Physical agents, Chemical agents
Biological agents)
6.2 Common Systemic Disease Associated with Various Occupation
6.3 Common Ocular Disease in Various Occupation
6.4 Visual Problems in various Occupation

6.4 Occupational safety

A. Prevention & Protective Methods
B. Personal protective equipment
 Goggles, Face shields etc
Selection, use & Testing for standards
6.5 Occupational Accidents
5.1. Causes of accidents
5.2. Accident analysis, accident prevention
7 7.1 Task Analysis of Occupation
7.2 Vision Standards for Occupation like Railways, Roadways, Airlines etc
8
Prevention of occupational diseases
 Medical examination / medical monitoring
 Pre-employment/pre- placement examinations
9 Visual Display Unit ( Computer ,Laptop, Digital Devices)
10 Contact lens & work
11 11.1 Role of optometrist – promotion of general and visual health and safety of people at Work
11.2 Industrial visits & Industrial Vision Screening
50 Hrs
RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Public health and community Optometry Robert.D.Newcomb, Jerry.L.Jolly

2. Industrial & Occupational ophthalmology Samuel.L.Fox
3. Guide to occupational and other visual needs Holmes
4. Work and the eye Raechel.V.North
5. Diagnosing and treating computer related vision problems Sheedy, Shaw-McMinn
6. Principles of Ophthalmic lenses M.O.Jalie – 2nd edition
7. System for ophthalmic dispensing Clifford.W.Brooks, Irwin.M.Borish
8. Clinical Optics Troy Fannin, Theodore Grosvenor – 2nd edition
9. Ophthalmic lenses & Dispensing M.O.Jalie – 2nd edition
10. Practical aspects of ophthalmic optics MargeretDowaliby – 4th edition

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY & STATISTICS

SL
NO TOPICS HOURS
1 Introduction I: Biostatistics
 Definition
 role of statistics in health science and health care delivery system
2
Introduction II: Research Methodology
 Research process
 Steps involved in research process
 Research methods and methodology
3
Variables and scales of measurements
 Definitions and examples of qualitative, quantitative, continuous discrete, dependent
and independent variables.
 Definitions, properties and examples of nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio scales of
measurements.
4 Sampling
 Population, sample, sampling, reasons for sampling, probability and non-probability
sampling.
 Methods of probability sampling – simple random, stratified, systematic- procedure
 Merits and demerits.
 Use of random number table.
5
Organization of data
 Frequency table, histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curve, bar diagram, pie
chart 60
6
Measures of location
 Arithmetic mean, median, mode, quartiles and percentiles – definition
 Computation (for raw data), merits, demerits and applications
7
Measures of variation
 Range, inter-quartile range, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation-
definition
 Computation (for raw data), merits, demerits and applications
8
Normal distribution
 Concept, graphical form, properties, examples
 Concept of Skewnes and Kurtosis
 9
Correlation
 Scatter diagram
 concept and properties of correlation coefficient, examples [No computation]
10
Health Information System
 Definition, requirement, component and uses of health information system.
 Sources of health information system- Census, Registration of vital events, Sample
registration system (SRS), Notification of diseases, Hospital records, Disease registries,
Record linkage, Epidemiological surveillance, Population survey

11
Vital statistics and hospital statistics
 Rate, ratio, proportion, Incidence, Prevalence. Common morbidity, mortality and
Fertility statistics – Definition and computation.
12 Hypothesis
 What is hypothesis
 Formulation of hypothesis
 Characteristics of good hypothesis.
13
Epidemiology
 Concept of health and disease
 Definition and aims of Epidemiology,
 Descriptive Epidemiology- methods and uses.
14 Concept of reliability & validity
60 Hrs

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Methods in Biostatistics for medical students & Research workers Mahajan B.K.- 6th edition
2. Research methodology – Methods & techniques Kothari.C.R
3. Introduction to Biostatistics: A manual for students in health sciences Sundar Rao PSS, Richard.J
4. Text book of Preventive and social medicine Park.E.Park
 CLINICS AND SPECIAL CLINICS

No. of practical hrs. : 270

1. Case sheet
2. History taking
3. Lensometry
4. Visual acuity
5. Tests for phorias and tropias
6. External examination
7. Slit lamp examination
8. Drugs and method of application
9. Do’s and don’ts – Pupillary dilatation
10. Direct ophthalmoscopy
11. Indirect ophthalmoscopy
12. Instrumentation
13. Patients selection
14. Keratometry reading
15. Refraction
16. Fluorescein pattern
17. Overrefraction
18. Fitting of hard lenses
19. Rigid gas permeable lenses and soft lenses in refractive errors and in specialized condition

The students are made to observe the internees initially, then gradually they are encouraged to
work up a patient and perform various examination techniques.
 FOURTH YEAR

 PROJECT WORK
 CLINICAL POSTING & SECIALITY POSTING

LEANING AND TEACHING STRATEGY

The curriculum of Optometry is designed in such a way that it ensures the development of professional skills as
well as behaviors of an individual that helps them to deliver a comprehensive primary eye care to the needy.

The curriculum incorporates 4 Major phases

Phase - I (First year Optometry)

The emphasis of learning is understanding & analysis of the basic sciences, philosophies, theories & skills
required to develop professionally and academically. This theory oriented first year ensures a sound scientific
foundation for the upcoming years.

Phase - II (Second year Optometry)

The curriculum arranged in this part allows the students to apply the basic science knowledge procured from
Phase-I in the Optometry topics. The introductory clinical posting in the ophthalmic outpatient department helps
them to understand and learn the primary eye care procedures.

Phase – III (Third year Optometry)

As the curriculum concentrates more on optometric patient evaluation and management, the focus is to refine
the student’s clinical and application skills to make him/her an Optometrist. The student will learn about the
diagnostic approaches and management of various ocular disorders, binocular vision anomalies, assessment and
dispensing of contact lenses and Low vision aids.

Phase – IV (Fourth year Optometry)

This one year compulsory course work program is designed to facilitate the transition from student hood to a
competent optometrist.

The learning and teaching process includes;

 Lectures
 Practical demonstration
 Projects & Assignments
 Seminars
 Case discussions
 Journal clubs
 Clinical teaching
 Industrial visits
 Community outreach
 CLINICAL POSTINGS

Aim: To enable the students to learn the Optometric examination procedures, clinical assessment skills and
management techniques which helps them to become a competent clinician.

Description: The students will be posted in different specialities of eye care on a rotatory basis under the
supervision of experienced clinical supervisors.

Clinical Posting – IInd Year:

At the end of second year clinical postings, the students will be performing History recording (Ocular
and systemic – of relevance), Visual acuity assessment and documentation (Adults & Infants), Objective and
subjective refraction, Spectacle prescription, Dispensing of various types of lenses and frames, Lensometry,
Keratometry, demonstrating the slit lamp illumination techniques, color vision assessment, Do’s and Don’ts of
pupillary dilatation, Gross ophthalmic examination etc. under experienced clinical supervisors.
TOTAL CLINICAL HOURS (IIND YEAR): 200 HOURS/YEAR

Clinical Posting – IIIrd year:

By the completion of IIIrd year clinical posting, the students will be able to perform the following under
experienced clinical supervisors.

 Optometric workup to detect the ocular disorders (Ocular & relevant systemic history, Visual acuity
assessment and refraction, Slit lamp examination, applanation Tonometry, fundus evaluation)
 Contact lens workup
 Low vision workup
 Orthoptic workup
TOTAL CLINICAL HOURS (IIIRD YEAR): 575 HOURS/YEAR.

Clinical Postings – IV th year:

Successful completion of the course work program will facilitate the students to become competent independent
Optometrist. The student will be proficient in

 Complete Optometric workup including diagnosis and management

 Contact lens workup including dispensing
 Low vision workup, dispensing of aids and counseling
 Orthoptic workup and non-surgical management
 Detection of ocular diseases and referral to specialists at the appropriate stage
 Managing an optical outlet/clinic of his/her own.
 Screening of Ocular disorders in community outreach programmes like Camps, School screening etc.
 Utilizing the latest technology in the diagnosis of ocular anomalies including visual field devices,
Gonioscopy, imaging technology including ultrasound and retinal imaging techniques, corneal
topography including ORBSCAN, Electrophysiology, etc

SUPERVISED CLINICAL HOURS DURING COURSE WORK: 1800 HRS

PROJECT:
No. of practical hrs: 144

Each student is encouraged to take up a research project in the area of his/her liking. The project should be
original and should have considerable clinical relevance. The concerned faculty members guide the student in
his/her project. After completing the project, each student has to submit a complete report of their respective
projects

PROJECT GUIDELINES

All Bsc.optometry degree students enrolled in the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences should complete
a scholarly project as partial fulfillment of requirements for the award of Bscoptometry (OPTOMETRY)
degree.

What is a project?

A Project is a preliminary form of research. It is an independent investigation. It is very largely the students’s
own work and is to be pursued by them from the inception till completion. A master’s project (non-thesis) will
be completed during the third year and involves the student in a hands- on project led by a research supervisor/
faculty advisor who will choose, develop and guide the project from its inception to completion.

Purpose of a project work

The purpose of the Project Work is to enable the student to gain practical experience. It enables the student to
meet program objectives through development of an appreciation of the interrelations between theory research
and practice. A project forms an introduction to scientific thinking and working.
Project suggestions
Prior to the practical work, students work out a concept with their supervisor that could include any of the
following points:
 Scientific question
 Educational objectives (which methods have to be mastered and understood)
 Recent trends in the respective fields
 Case study
 Prospective studies
 Retrospective studies

This scholarly project provides the student with the opportunity to participate in a mentored research
experience. The student will actively participate in a research project throughout all current applicable phases of
the project such as the problem statement development, review of the literature, hypotheses formation, proposal
writing, study design, data collection, data analysis, and result reporting. This may be done as a group project.
A portfolio, paper, or poster is a presentation of those outcomes.
Project supervision
The supervisor schedules the project work together with the student and provides an introduction to all
laboratory skills that are needed. She or he is then the contact person for all questions and problems during the
project. If required, she or he may also ask for a progress report and preliminary results while the project is still
ongoing.
The eligibility academic qualification and teaching experience required for recognition as research supervisor
and faculty advisor by the RGUHS are:
 a. Eligibility to be a research supervisor and faculty advisor
Shall be a full time teacher in the college or institution where he or she is working.
b. Academic qualification and teaching/professional experience for each branch
 Research supervisor (RS)- five years of teaching/ professional experience after the postgraduate
qualification in a teaching institution or laboratory approved by RGUHS
 Faculty advisor (FA)- three years of teaching/ professional experience after the postgraduate
qualification in a teaching institution or laboratory approved by RGUHS
c. Age:
The age of the RS/ FA shall not exceed 65 years.

Assessment
Four copies of the project report should be submitted to the Principal along with a soft copy (CD), three months
before the final examinations. Projects are assessed with a written report and a seminar. The written report and
the presentation, as well as the practical work in the laboratory are to be included in the internal assessment.
The Project report will carry 10 marks which would be assessed and awarded during the viva voce examination
and added along with the viva voce marks.

GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF PROJECT REPORTS

1. The project report should be typed in Times New Roman. The size of the titles should be 14 and
Bold and the size of the subtitles should be 12 and bold.
2. The matter should have double spacing except for long quotations, footnotes and endnotes, which
are single spaced. The left hand margin must be 1.5”, other margins should be 1.0”.
3. The project report should be hardbound.
4. The project report should be organized in the following subdivisions:
a. Title page
b. Certificate
c. Acknowledgement
d. List of abbreviations used
e. Table of contents
f. Introduction
g. Main project
h. Summary of the project work
i. List of references
j. Annexures
 a. Title page
<----------------------------Title---------------------------->
<-------------------------Subtitle------------------------->
by
Name of the Candidate
Project Report

In partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree of
Degree Name
in
Subject Name
Under the guidance of
Name of the RS and FA
Name of the Department
Name of the College
Place
Year

b. Certificate
CERTIFICATE BY THE RESEARCH SUPERVISOR
This is to certify that the project report entitled “<-----------------------------Title----------------------------->" is
a bonafide research work done by Name of the Candidate in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
degree of Degree Name.
Signature of the Research Supervisor
Name
Designation & Department
Date:

Place:

ENDORSEMENT BY THE HOD, PRINCIPAL/HEAD OF THE INSTITUTION

This is to certify that the project report entitled “<-----------------------------Title----------------------------->" is
a bonafide research work done by Name of the Candidate under the guidance of Name & designation of
the Guide.
Seal & Signature of the HOD Seal & Signature of the Principal

Name Name

Date:
Place:

c. Acknowledgement
The inclusion of a paper of Acknowledgment is a traditional practice in the write up of the Project
Work. This permits the candidate to write a brief perface and acknowledge the help received from
persons and organizations.
 d. List of abbreviations used

e. Table of Contents

f. Introduction
This section includes a brief write up about the topic, its scope and importance as well as relation to any
previous studies done in the particular topic. It should also mention any present developments.

g. The main project

The main project should be divided into various sections as per the demand of the topic.

h. Summary of the project work

i. List of References (Vancouver Style)
References should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text;
they should not be listed alphabetically by author or title or put in date order.
j. Annexures

POINTS TO KEEP IN MIND

 The project work should be an original document and in the candidates own language.
 The candidate should not copy or reproduce anyone else’s published or unpublished project.
 Any arguments that are put forward in the project should be supported with appropriate data.
 Proper documentation of the information is very important.
 The methodology to be used should be very clearly stated in the beginning of the work.
 Plagiarism should be avoided.

WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?
Plagiarism means using another’s work without giving

CLINICAL POSTING:

A student after having successfully completed the final year university examination is qualified to
commence the Compulsory Rotatory Internship. The completion of Internship is mandatory to enable a student
to obtain the bachelor degree in OPTOMETRY

GUIDELINES

 Interns should complete postings in all specialities as decided by the department

 The interns should conduct themselves in a manner befitting the profession.
 The intern should dress appropriately in the clinical areas
 It is mandatory for the intern to wear the white apron with nametag while attending clinics
 A total of12 days’ leaves can be availed for a period of one year. He/she is permitted to avail
1day’s casual leave in each posting/month or six days of casual leave at a stretch with prior
permission from staff in-charge
 If the student takes more leaves than that can be availed, they have to extend the internship equal to
the period of leaves taken
 Students are allowed to do externship only in institutions decided by the department and college on
rotation basis. At least 3 months’ compulsory internship has to be done in the parent institution
 Working hours in the parent institution is from 8.30am to 5.00pm. He/she should sign the
attendance register before 8.30am
 Each intern should maintain a logbook wherever he/she is posted. The intern has to get signature
from the supervising staff at the end of each posting
 Log book should be submitted to the Head of the department at the end of each posting of
internship after the period of posting
 Accommodation for externship will be the sole responsibility of interns. Neither the department
nor the college is responsible for providing accommodation
 Feedback of interns from the respective institutions during externship is mandatory
 Assignments/presentations given during the period of internship has to be duly undertaken and
performed.
 Internship completion certificate will be issued from the College office only after obtaining
satisfactory completion certificate from the Head of the Department
 The intern in the parent institute will get a monthly stipend. There is no stipend for off campus
posting.
 The intern will be allowed to attend the National Conference, leave will be granted only for the
days of conference and travel days. Any other leave declared by the University for the students will
not apply to the interns