Dr.

Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University

University Campus, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431004

A PROJECT REPORT ON
"LPG Gas Leakage Detection and Alert System”
Under the Guidance
of
Asst. Prof. A. D. Salpe

Electrical Engineering Department,

Chh. Shahu College of Engineering, Aurangabad.

Submitted by
Nitin Padamkumar Tathe (EE230)
Onkar Gopichand Chinchane (EE231)
Pavan Ajinath Karpe (EE232)
Apurv Prasanna Bhalerao (EE234)
Sham Parasram Gadekar (EE240)

CSMSS
CHH.SHAHU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Kanchanwadi, Aurangabad – 431005

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 CSMSS
CHHATRAPATI SHAHU MAHARAJ SHIKSHAN SANSTHA’s
CHH. SHAHU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Approved by AICTE New Delhi, DTE (Govt. of Maharashtra) and affiliated to Dr.
B.A.T.University, Aurangabad.
Kanchanwadi, Paithan Road, Aurangabad 431 002 (M.S)
Ph. No. : (0240) 2379248, 6646463 Fax : (0240) 2379015
Email :[email protected], [email protected] Website : www.csmssengg.org

CERTIFICATE

It is a bonafide work carried out by Nitin P. Tathe (EE230), Onkar G. Chinchane (EE231), Pavan A. Karpe (EE232)
, Apurv P. Bhalerao (EE234), Sham P. Gadekar (EE240) in partial fulfillment for the
award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical (BE) of the Dr. Babasaheb
Ambedkar Technological University, Aurangabad during the year 2022-23. It has been
certified that all the corrections/suggestions has been incorporated in the report. The project
report has been approved as it satisfies the academic.

Guide HOD Principal

(Prof. A. D. Salpe) (Prof. A. N. Mudiraj) (Dr. U. B. Shinde)

Examiner:

1.

2.

3.

Electrical Engineering Department

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 (2022-23)

SR. TOPICS PAGE NO.

NO.
1 INTRODUCTION 4
2 PROBLEM STATEMENT 5

3 BRIEF INTRODUCTION 5

4 PRINCIPLE OF METHODOLOGY 6
5 COMPONENTS REQUIRED 6

6 BLOCK DIAGRAM 7

7 COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION 8-15

8 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 16
9 SOURCE CODE 17-19

10 WORKING 20

11 ADVANTAGES 21
12 DISADVANTAGES 21

13 APPLICATION 22

14 FUTURE SCOPE 22

15 CONCLUSION 22
16 REFERENCE 23

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 Introduction of the topic:-

Home fires have been taking place frequently and the threat to human lives
and properties is growing in recent years. Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) is highly
inflammable and can burn even at some distance from the source of leakage. Most
fire accidents are caused because of a poor-quality rubber tube or the regulator is
not turned off when not in use. Therefore, we developed the gas leakage alert
system to avoid fire hazards.
Hence, this mini project presents a gas leakage alert system which detect the gas
leakage and giving the alarm the people onboard. It also detects the temperature
and atmospheric pressure of that leakage area. Which help us to know is there fire
or not.
Gas leakage leads to severe accidents resulting in material losses and
human injuries. Gas leakage occurs mainly due to poor maintenance of
equipments and inadequate awareness of the people. Hence, LPG leakage
detection is essential to prevent accidents and to save human lives. This system
triggers LED and buzzer to alert people when LPG leakage is detected. This
system is very simple yet reliable.
Gas leakage leads to various accidents resulting in both material loss and
human injuries. The risk of explosion, firing, suffocation are based on their
physical properties such toxicity, flammability, etc. The number of deaths due to
explosion of gas cylinders has been increasing in recent years. The reason for
such explosion is due to substandard cylinders, old valves, worn out regulators
and lack of awareness in handling gas cylinders. The LPG or propane is a
flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in many applications like
homes, hostels, industries, automobiles, vehicles because of its desirable
properties which include high calorific value, less smoke, less soot, and meager
harm to the environment. Natural gas is another widely used fuel in homes. Both
gases burns to produce clean energy, however there is a 1096 E. Jebamalar
Leavline.

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PROBLEM STATEMENT:-

Gas leakage leads to various accidents resulting into both financial loss as
well as human injuries. In human's daily life, environment gives the most
significant impact to their health issues. The risk of firing, explosion, suffocation
all are based on their physical properties such flammability, toxicity etc. The
number of deaths due to the explosion of gas cylinders has been increasing in
recent years. The reason for such explosion is due to sub standard cylinders, old
valves, worn out regulators and lack of awareness using gas cylinders add to the
risks.
Inspections by oil companies found that many LPG consumers are unaware
of safety checks of gas cylinders. Another reason is illegal filling of gas cylinder
also causes accidents. There is a need for a system to detect and also prevent
leakage of LPG.

Brief Description regarding the topic:-

The usage of the gas brings great problems in the domestic as well as working
places. The inflammable gas such as Liquidized petroleum gas (LPG), which is
excessively used in the house and at work places. The leakage of the gas causes
destructible impact to the lives and as well as to the heritage of the people. So, by
keeping it in the concept of the project we have determined to develop an
examining system which finds the leak of LPG gas and protects the work places
by taken correct precaution at correct time.
This system provides the information such as when a gas leakage is noticed,
sensors of in the project are used to notice the gas leakage and immediately turns
ON the buzzer for the danger indication. Buzzer is a clear indication of gas
leakage. By the detection of the hazardous gas the alerting message reached to
the person who has control over it from the GSM. Detection of the gas leakage is
important and halting leakage is important equally.
The main objective of this project is that it is extremely accurate with a least
cost, this project system is best to detect gas leakage and also warn people around
by buzzer beep sound and an SMS is been send to the responsible person for
preparatory safety calculations.

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PRINCIPLE OF METHODOLOGY:-

LPG is an odourless gas which settles on the ground level. To detect any
leakage, Ethyl Mercaptan is added to it. The LPG Leak Detector is a wall mounted
device fitted close to the floor level with an alarm setting at 20% of Lower
Explosive Limit. Whenever there is a leak, the in-built sensor detects and alerts
the user in less than 5 minutes, much before it can cause any accidents. This in
turn, helps the user to take quick remedial measures to avoid any undesirable
circumstances.

Following are the main components which is used in an

LPG Gas Leakage Detection and Alert System:-

 Arduino uno
 Arduino nano
 MQ2 gas sensor
 Busser
 Display 16*2 with I2C module
 BMP180 pressure and temperature sensor
 Bradbord
 LED
 Resistars
 jumper wire

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BLOCK DIAGRAM:-

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Components description:-

Arduino uno:-
Microcon troller Arduino UNO is employed is shown in fig.2. The central
unit of the system is Arduino board, where all the components are interfaced
externally on the board and programmed as per their functionality to work in
synchronization. it's an electronic prototyping platform/ board supported
Atmega-328 which is of 8-bit, 16 Mhz. during this serial communication is
enabled and has 14 digital input /output pins (out of which 6 are PWM) and 6
analog input pins. It operates at 5v. every pin contains a specific function to
control.
The storage is non-volatile storage and EEPROM. The key comparison
of a non-volatile storage with the EEPROM is that the incontrovertible fact
that non-volatile storage contents are erasable. In contrast to a EEPROM, the
entire device is erased. where one can erase and judge on bases of Byte and
section. The availability of the non-volatile memory during which the blocks
of the contains are divided and therefore block by block the portion is erased,
where an no erased option is provided for the EEPROM byte. thanks to the
actual fact that the programming of the non-volatile storage performed while
it’s on the system board socket. BIOSROM of the PCB is the new upgrade
which is immensely used.

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Arduino nano:-
Arduino Nano is one type of microcontroller board, and it is designed by
Arduino.cc. It can be built with a microcontroller like Atmega328. This
microcontroller is also used in Arduino UNO. It is a small size board and also
flexible with a wide variety of applications. Other Arduino boards mainly include
Arduino Mega, Arduino Pro Mini, Arduino UNO, Arduino YUN, Arduino
Lilypad, Arduino Leonardo, and Arduino Due. And other development boards
are AVR Development Board, PIC Development Board, Raspberry Pi, Intel
Edison, MSP430 Launchpad, and ESP32 board.
This board has many functions and features like an Arduino Duemilanove
board. However, this Nano board is different in packaging. It doesn’t have any
DC jack so that the power supply can be given using a small USB port otherwise
straightly connected to the pins like VCC & GND. This board can be supplied
with 6 to 20volts using a mini USB port on the board.

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MQ2 gas sensor:-
The MQ2 sensor is one of the most widely used in the MQ sensor series. It
is a MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) sensor. Metal oxide sensors are also
known as Chemiresistors because sensing is based on the change in resistance of
the sensing material when exposed to gasses.

MQ2 Gas Sensor

The MQ2 gas sensor operates on 5V DC and consumes approximately

800mW. It can detect LPG, Smoke, Alcohol, Propane, Hydrogen, Methane and
Carbon Monoxide concentrations ranging from 200 to 10000 ppm.

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Busser:-

A buzzer is a practical sound feature used in various electronic devices and

applications. It is a small 2-pin component that can fit on a breadboard. This is
one of the reasons why it finds use in many electronic applications. This article
will shed more light on the buzzer datasheet. You will learn about its pin
configuration systems, how to use a buzzer, its features, and applications.

Source: Created using Krita

The buzzer had two pins. First, one pin is positive and has the positive sign (+).
A 6V DC voltage powers pin 1.

The second pin is the negative pin identified by the (-) symbol. In addition, this
pin has a short terminal lead. It is usually connected to the ground terminal of the
electronic circuit.

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Display 16*2 with I2C module:-

16×2 LCD is named so because; it has 16 Columns and 2 Rows. There are a
lot of combinations available like, 8×1, 8×2, 10×2, 16×1, etc. but the most used
one is the 16×2 LCD. So, it will have (16×2=32) 32 characters in total and each
character will be made of 5×8 Pixel Dots. A Single character with all its Pixels
is shown in the below picture.

16x2 LCD Pixel

Now, we know that each character has (5×8=40) 40 Pixels and for 32 Characters
we will have (32×40) 1280 Pixels. Further, the LCD should also be instructed
about the Position of the Pixels. Hence it will be a hectic task to handle everything
with the help of MCU, hence an Interface IC like HD44780 is used, which is
mounted on the backside of the LCD Module itself. The function of this IC is to
get the Commands and Data from the MCU and process them to display
meaningful information onto our LCD Screen. You can learn how to interface an
LCD using the above mentioned links. If you are an advanced programmer and
would like to create your own library for interfacing your Microcontroller with
this LCD module then you have to understand the HD44780 IC working and
commands which can be found its datasheet.

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BMP180 pressure and temperature sensor:-
BMP180 is one of sensor of BMP 100 series. They are all designed to
measure Barometric Pressure or Atmospheric pressure. BMP180 is a high
precision sensor designed for consumer applications. Barometric Pressure is
nothing but weight of air applied on everything. The air has weight and wherever
there is air its pressure is felt. BMP180 sensor senses that pressure and provides
that information in digital output. Also the temperature affects the pressure and
so we need temperature compensated pressure reading. To compensate, the
BM180 also has good temperature sensor.
BMP180 MODULE Features Can measure temperature and altitude.
Pressure range: 300 to 1100hPa High relative accuracy of ±0.12hPa Can work on
low voltages 3.4Mhz I2C interface Low power consumption (3uA) Pressure
conversion time: 5msec Potable size

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Bradbord:-
A Breadboard is simply a board for prototyping or building circuits on. It
allows you to place components and connections on the board to make circuits
without soldering. The holes in the breadboard take care of your connections by
physically holding onto parts or wires where you put them and electrically
connecting them inside the board.

LED:-
LED stand for light emitting diode. LED lighting products produce light up
to 90% more efficiently than incandescent light bulbs. How do they work? An
electrical current passes through a microchip, which illuminates the tiny light
sources we call LEDs and the result is visible light.

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Resistars:-
Working Principle Of Resistor In the process of impeding the flow of current
and reducing voltage, a resistor absorbs electrical energy, which it must dissipate
as heat. In most modern electronic circuits, the heat dissipation is typically a
fraction of a watt.

jumper wire:-
Jumper wires are simply wires that have connector pins at each end, allowing
them to be used to connect two points to each other without soldering. Jumper
wires are typically used with breadboards and other prototyping tools in order to
make it easy to change a circuit as needed.

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 Circuit diagram:-

LPG Gas Leakage Detection and Alert System

Circuit diagram

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  Source code for temperature and pressure
sensor:-

/*BMP-180 Pressure sensor tutorial.

Created by the SriTu Hobby team.
http://srituhobby.com
*/

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <SFE_BMP180.h>
#include <Wire.h>

#define ALTITUDE 248.0 //Enter your country evalution

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x3f, 16, 2);

SFE_BMP180 bmp;
double T, P, S, A;
char status;

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
bmp.begin();
lcd.begin();
lcd.backlight();
}

void loop() {
Serial.println();
Serial.print("provided altitude: ");
Serial.print("ALTITUDE, 0");
Serial.print(" meters, ");
Serial.print("ALTITUDE * 3.28084, 0");
Serial.println(" feet");

status = bmp.startTemperature();
if (status != 0) {
delay(status);
status = bmp.getTemperature(T);
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 if (status != 0) {
Serial.print("Temperature :");
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Temp :");
lcd.print(T, 2);
lcd.print("C");
lcd.print(" ");
Serial.print(T, 2);
Serial.println("*c");
}
status = bmp.startPressure(3);// 0 to 3
if (status != 0) {
delay(status);
status = bmp.getPressure(P, T);
if (status != 0) {
Serial.print("absolute pressure: ");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Pres :");
lcd.print(P, 2);
lcd.print("mb");
lcd.print(" ");
Serial.print(P, 2);
Serial.println("mb");
}

S = bmp.sealevel(P, ALTITUDE);
Serial.print("relative (sea-level) pressure: ");
Serial.print(S);
Serial.println("mb");

A = bmp.altitude(P, S);
Serial.print("computed altitude: ");
Serial.print(A, 0);
Serial.print(" meters, ");
Serial.print(A * 3.28084, 0);
Serial.println("feet");

delay(3000);}
} }

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  Source code for lpg gas leakage detection:-

// scientist BENIEL'S LAB

// GAS DETECTOR

int Input = A0;

int R_LED = 2;
int G_LED = 3;
int Buzzer = 4;
// VAL INTEGER
int val;
int MAX = 400;

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(Input ,INPUT);
pinMode(R_LED ,OUTPUT);
pinMode(G_LED ,OUTPUT);
pinMode(Buzzer ,OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
val = analogRead(A0);
if (val >= MAX) {
digitalWrite(R_LED ,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Buzzer ,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G_LED ,LOW);
Serial.println("GAS LEAKING");
}
else {
digitalWrite(R_LED ,LOW);
digitalWrite(Buzzer ,LOW);
digitalWrite(G_LED ,HIGH);
Serial.println("NORMAL");
}
}

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Working:-
LPG is an odourless gas which settles on the ground level. To detect any
leakage, Ethyl Mercaptan is added to it. The LPG Leak Detector is a wall mounted
device fitted close to the floor level with an alarm setting at 20% of Lower
Explosive Limit. Whenever there is a leak, the in-built sensor detects and alerts
the user in less than 5 minutes, much before it can cause any accidents. This in
turn, helps the user to take quick remedial measures to avoid any undesirable
circumstances.

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Advantages:-

 The main Advantage of the Arduino Uno based LPG detector system
project is that it gives a remote indication to the user about the LPG leakage
with the help of SMS indication.
 To enhance this project, we can add a GPS modem to this system.
 When you have a gas detection system, you can monitor the amount of
gases in your environment.
 you can tell when there is a higher chance of poisoning, explosion, fire or
asphyxiation.
 The gas detectors can be used for the detection of combustible, flammable
and poisonous gases and for loss of oxygen, and also to detected a gas leak
or other pollutants.
 It makes the area where the leak occurs an warning sound and instructs
operators to leave the area.
 Compact size, wall mounted (0.3 meters from floor level)
 Quick response time – less than 5 seconds
 Reliable semiconductor sensor
 In-built stainless steel filter

Disadvantages:-
 No prevention of fires possible with kit.
 Applicable only as an indicator/alarming device.
 It is a little sensitive to smoke.

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Application:-

 Protection from any gas leakage in cars

 For safety from gas leakage in heating gas fired appliances
 like boilers, domestic water heaters
 Large industries which uses gas as their production
 For safety from gas leakage in cooking gas fired

Appliances
like ovens, stoves etc.

Future scope:-
Another major future scope could be including a Automatic Shut-off device
which will turn off the gas supply whenever it will detect any gas leakage. This
system can be implemented in Industries, Hotels and wherever the LPG cylinders
are used.

Conclusion:-
For the first stage project presentation the required research work has been
completed and the validation of project has been proved. Hence it can be said that
the aim of the project “LPG Gas Detection System Using GSM Module” can be
achieved successfully. The further designing and fabrication of the working
model will be completed by February 2016. After which the different experiments
will be conducted for efficiency improvement.

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Reference:-

1. Artificial Intelligence – Elain Rich & Kevin Knight, Tata Mc Graw

Hill,
2nd Edition.
2. The 8051 microcontroller by Kenneth J.Ayala.
3. A Clark and R. Harun, Assessment of kalman-_lter channel
estimators for an HF radio link," IEE Proceedings, vol. 133, pp.
513{521, Oct 1986.
4. www.keil.com/forum/docs
5. www.Atmel.com
6. http://www.keil.com/dd/docs/datashts/atmel/at89s52_ds.pdf
7. Robert L.Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky, “Electronic Devices and
Circuit Theory”, 8th Edition, 2006

HOD OF ELECTRICAL Dept, Project Guide,

Prof. Abhay Mudiraj Prof. A. D. Salpe

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