Calculus (III) Quiz 1 2023/03/09

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1. A curve C is defined by the parametric equations

x = et − e · t, y = t3 − 3t + 2, −2 ≤ t ≤ 1.
dy
(1) (8 points) Find dx .

(2) (8 points) Find the tangent to the curve C at the point where t = 0.
(3) (8 points) Is the tangent to the curve C at the point where t = 1 vertical?
Explain your answer.
(4) (8 points) At what point is the tangent to the curve C horizontal?
d2 y
(5) (8 points) Find dx2 .

Solution. (1)
dy
= 3t2 − 3(2 points)
dt
dx
= et − e(2 points)
dt
dy dy dx 3t2 − 3
= / = t (4 points).
dx dt dt e −e
dy −3
(2) The point at t = 0 is (1, 2) (2 points) and dx |t=0 = 1−e ( 4 points). The
−3
tangent line at (1, 2) is y − 2 = 1−e (x − 1) (2 points).
(3) Since
dy 3t2 − 3 6t 6
lim = lim t = lim t (L’Hospital Rule) = ,
t→1 dx t→1 e − e t→1 e e
the tangent at the point where t = 1 is not vertical.
dy
( 6 points for computing limt→1 dx
2 points for answering No vertical tangent at t = 1.)
(4) The horizontal tangent happens at the points where dy dx
dt = 0 and dt 6= 0.
−1
Thus (3t2 − 3) = 0 ⇒ t = 1 or − 1. We have dx dt |t=−1 = e − e and
dx
= 0. The point at t = −1 is ( 1e + e, 4). Hence the curve at ( 1e + e, 4)
dt |t=1
has horizontal tangent.
( 2 points for solving 3t2 − 3 = 0
4 point for checking dx dx
dt |t=1 = 0 and dt |t=−1 6= 0
2 points for final answer the curve at ( 1e + e, 4) has horizontal tangent.)

1
 (5)
d dy
d2 y dt ( dx )
= dx
(2 points)
dx2 dt
d 3t2 −3
dt ( et −e )
=
et − e
(6t − 3t2 + 3)et − 6et
= (6 points).
(et − e)3

(2)

2. (20 points) Find the area of the region which is enclosed by the curve

x = 2 cos(θ) − cos(2θ), y = 2 sin(θ) − sin(2θ), 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π.

Solution.
Z 1
A = 2 ydx(5 points)
−3
Z 0
= 2 [2 sin(θ) − sin(2θ)] · [−2 sin(θ) + 2 sin(2θ)]dθ(5 points)
πZ
π
= −2 (−4 sin2 (θ) − 2 sin2 (2θ) + 6 sin(θ) sin(2θ)dθ(4 points)
Z π 0 Z π
1 − cos(2θ) 1 − cos(4θ)
= 8· +4· dθ − 24 sin2 (θ) cos(θ)dθ
2 2
Z0 π 0
1 3
= 6 − 4 cos(2θ) − 2 cos(4θ)dθ − 24 · sin (θ)|π0 (4 points)
0 3
π
= (6θ − 2 sin(2θ) − sin(4θ)|0
= 6π(2 points)

3. Match each function with its graph (just label A, B, C, D).

2
 (4) (4 points) f (x, y) = ln(x2 + y 2 ).B

A B

C D

Solution.
p
4. (1) (12 points) Let f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 esin(xy) . Find fx (1, 0).
(2) (12 points)Let f (x, y) = ln(x2 + 2y 2 ). Find fyx (1, 0).
Solution. (1) Method I:
f (x, 0) − f (1, 0)
fx (1, 0) = lim ( 4 points)
x→1
√ x − 1
x2 − 1
= lim ( 4 points) = 1( 4 points)
x→1 x − 1

Method II:
1 2
fx (x, y) = (x + y 2 )−1/2 · 2x · esin(xy) + (x2 + y 2 )1/2 esin(xy) cos(xy) · y
2
esin(xy) (x + (x2 + y 2 )y 2 cos(xy))
= p ( 8 points)
x2 + y
fx (1, 0) = 1( 4 points)

3
(2)
1 4y
fy (x, y) = · 4y = ( 5 points)
x2 + 2y 2 x2 + 2y 2
−8xy
fyx (x, y) = 4y · (−1)(x2 + 2y 2 )−2 · 2x = 2 ( 5 points)
(x + 2y 2 )2
fyx (1, 0) = 0( 2 points)